{"id":78852,"date":"2025-05-15T04:21:41","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T02:21:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78852"},"modified":"2025-05-15T04:21:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T02:21:41","slug":"lucas-leiroz-nepratelstvi-zapadu-v-arktide-vede-rusko-k-opusteni-dohod-se-severskymi-zememi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/15\/lucas-leiroz-nepratelstvi-zapadu-v-arktide-vede-rusko-k-opusteni-dohod-se-severskymi-zememi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucas Leiroz: Nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed Z\u00e1padu v Arktid\u011b vede Rusko k opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dohod se seversk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Bez dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle ze strany Evropan\u016f se rusk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast na arktick\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch stala ztr\u00e1tou \u010dasu.<\/h4>\n

\u00a0Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Ruskou federac\u00ed a kolektivn\u00edm Z\u00e1padem se v n\u011bkolika strategick\u00fdch oblastech spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu st\u00e1le v\u00edce zhor\u0161uje. Tato situace je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b znepokojiv\u00e1 v arktick\u00e9 oblasti, kde se smlouvy upravuj\u00edc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed aktivity v regionu st\u00e1vaj\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi kv\u016fli rostouc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Ruskem a Evropou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>vypov\u011bd\u011bla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dlouhodobou mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed dohodu s Norskem, Finskem a \u0160v\u00e9dskem, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho sekretari\u00e1tu pro Barentsovo mo\u0159e v Severn\u00edm ledov\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Moskva rovn\u011b\u017e odsoudila Barentsovu radu\/Euroarktick\u00fd region (BEAC) za to, \u017ee se j\u00ed nepoda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout efektivn\u00ed rusko-evropsk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce v regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dohoda Barentsova sekretari\u00e1tu byla podeps\u00e1na v Rovaniemi v roce 2007. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se o\u010dek\u00e1vala velk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Rusy a seversk\u00fdmi Evropany v Barentsov\u011b a arktick\u00e9 oblasti, jeliko\u017e sv\u011bt proch\u00e1zel f\u00e1z\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho multilateralismu, v n\u00ed\u017e se kladl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na roli mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed p\u0159i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek \u2013 a\u010dkoli na geopolitick\u00e9 \u00farovni st\u00e1le panovala absolutn\u011b unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed situace s mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem v\u00fdzev pro americkou hegemonii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko v t\u00e9 dob\u011b projevilo diplomatickou dobrou v\u016fli a za\u010dalo se sv\u00fdmi tehdej\u0161\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi partnery uzav\u00edrat mnohostrann\u00e9 dohody s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it spole\u010dnou platformu pro Arktidu. Byl z\u0159\u00edzen nejen sekretari\u00e1t, ale tak\u00e9 BEAC, podepsan\u00e1 v roce 2008, jej\u00edm\u017e hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem bylo regulovat \u010dinnosti arktick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v nouzov\u00fdch situac\u00edch. Dohoda vytvo\u0159ila syst\u00e9m spolupr\u00e1ce, kter\u00fd zavazoval v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se informovat v p\u0159\u00edpadech nouzov\u00fdch situac\u00ed nebo katastrof a tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et spole\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro p\u0159ipravenost a reakci na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti.<\/span><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 krize ve vztaz\u00edch mezi Ruskem a Z\u00e1padem zabr\u00e1nila \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch dohod. Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, povzbuzov\u00e1ny destabilizuj\u00edc\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry, jako jsou NATO a EU, za\u010daly st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji \u010dinit jednostrann\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, poru\u0161ovat podm\u00ednky smluv a ignorovat legitimn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy Ruska. V praxi se pro Moskvu stalo neudr\u017eiteln\u00fdm setrv\u00e1vat v \u010detn\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve m\u011bla se Z\u00e1padem v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, jako je technick\u00e1, ekonomick\u00e1, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pad reagoval na zm\u011bny v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitice n\u00e1vratem k agresivn\u00edmu unilateralismu z 90. let, kter\u00fd vedl ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u00fdznamu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. V praxi se ji\u017e nezd\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, racion\u00e1ln\u00ed ani relevantn\u00ed, aby Rusko setrv\u00e1valo v ur\u010dit\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 byly podeps\u00e1ny se z\u00e1padn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi v \u00e9\u0159e multilateralismu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci se tyto dohody nejen staly bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi, ale Z\u00e1pad je \u010dasto zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako zbra\u0148 k ma\u0159en\u00ed rusk\u00fdch akc\u00ed, jeliko\u017e Moskva, na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed, m\u00e1 politiku striktn\u00edho respektov\u00e1n\u00ed dohod, kter\u00e9 podepsala, a \u010dasto se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f, aby dodr\u017eela podm\u00ednky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch dokument\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odstoupen\u00ed Ruska od arktick\u00fdch dohod ve skute\u010dnosti nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd krok, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e prost\u00fd d\u016fsledek p\u0159edchoz\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed iniciovan\u00fdch samotn\u00fdmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Jak je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, militarizace Arktidy je v sou\u010dasnosti jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f NATO. Norsko je ji\u017e l\u00e9ta kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v p\u0159\u00edstupu NATO k arktick\u00fdm oblastem. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se k NATO nezodpov\u011bdn\u011b p\u0159ipojily \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Finsko, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 staly kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi pro arktickou strategii Z\u00e1padu.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ed rusk\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm odstoupit od Euroarktick\u00e9 dohody ozn\u00e1milo Finsko sv\u016fj odchod, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se rusk\u00e9 nal\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u011bjakou formu diplomacie v regionu stalo bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fdm. Finsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady tehdy sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed od\u016fvod\u0148ovaly takzvanou \u201eruskou invaz\u00ed na Ukrajinu\u201c \u2013 naprosto pokryteck\u00fdm krokem, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Ukrajina nen\u00ed arktick\u00e1 zem\u011b a \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 operace zah\u00e1jen\u00e1 Moskvou na ochranu obyvatel Donbasu nem\u00e1 s arktick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ed ruskou invaz\u00ed na Ukrajinu byla spolupr\u00e1ce v Barentsov\u011b mo\u0159i efektivn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem pro Finsko, jak interagovat s ostatn\u00edmi v severn\u00edch regionech. Tato forma spolupr\u00e1ce v\u0161ak ji\u017e neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se struktury. C\u00edlem Finska je stabiln\u00ed a prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed seversk\u00fd region a my do n\u011bj budeme i nad\u00e1le investovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem spolupr\u00e1ce,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>uvedla tehdy finsk\u00e1 ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Elina Valtonen.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 vid\u011bt, jak Finov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 doufaj\u00ed v dosa\u017een\u00ed \u201estability a prosperity\u201c v Arktid\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 spolupracuj\u00ed s militariza\u010dn\u00edm programem NATO. Bez spolupr\u00e1ce s Ruskem, kter\u00e9 bylo historicky hegemonn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed v Arktid\u011b, nemohou Evropan\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u201estability a prosperity\u201c ud\u011blat nic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko m\u00e1 pravdu, kdy\u017e se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 snahy o spolupr\u00e1ci s otev\u0159en\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty. Cesta k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed platformy pro bezpe\u010dnost Arktidy a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd pr\u016fzkum mus\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u00edsto toho ub\u00edr\u00e1na ve spolupr\u00e1ci s rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi se mocnostmi, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o \u00fa\u010dast v arktick\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, a to i bez p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho geografick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lucas Leiroz<\/a>, \u010dlen Asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f BRICS, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Centra pro geostrategick\u00e1 studia, vojensk\u00fd expert<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bez dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle ze strany Evropan\u016f se rusk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast na arktick\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch stala ztr\u00e1tou \u010dasu….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,116,22,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78852\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}