{"id":78668,"date":"2025-05-13T00:29:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T22:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78668"},"modified":"2025-05-12T17:23:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T15:23:12","slug":"200-miliard-na-lockdowny-svetova-banka-oslavuje-a-zaroven-destabilizuje-demokracie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/13\/200-miliard-na-lockdowny-svetova-banka-oslavuje-a-zaroven-destabilizuje-demokracie\/","title":{"rendered":"200 miliard na lockdowny \u2013 Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka oslavuje a z\u00e1rove\u0148 destabilizuje demokracie"},"content":{"rendered":"
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MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka: Faktory umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1sah proti covidu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Americk\u00fd ministr financ\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Scott Bessent<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0si minul\u00fd t\u00fdden st\u011b\u017eoval, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond (MMF)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0trp\u00ed t\u00edm, co nazval \u201eposl\u00e1n\u00ed se pl\u00ed\u017eiv\u00fdm postupem\u201c \u2013 postupn\u00fdm roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. Bessent nicm\u00e9n\u011b ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Trumpova administrativa\u00a0<\/span>zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0podporu pro tyto dva nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed investory do zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e \u00fastup, c\u00edlem hnut\u00ed \u201aAmerika na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b\u2018 je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed USA v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00edch, jako je MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Bessent.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le si st\u011b\u017eoval, \u017ee MMF v\u011bnuje \u201ene\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, jako je zm\u011bna klimatu, genderov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost\u201c. Bessent se ale nezm\u00ednil o tom,\u00a0<\/span>jak MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka financovaly mnoho nejhor\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch klientelistick\u00fdch vztah\u016f b\u011bhem covidov\u00e9 krize.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ale co lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, kdy\u017e americk\u00fd Kongres a \u0159ada prezident\u016f d\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u011bmto organizac\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>stovky miliard dolar\u016f americk\u00fdch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0? USA\u00a0<\/span>maj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Sv\u011btov\u00e9 bance z\u00e1vazek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 52 miliard dolar\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0MMF se zav\u00e1zaly poskytnout\u00a0<\/span>183 miliard dolar\u016f .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MMF byl zalo\u017een v roce 1944 za \u00fa\u010delem stabilizace m\u011bn a pomoci zem\u00edm s do\u010dasn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my s platebn\u00ed bilanc\u00ed. Ale v globalizovan\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b s voln\u00fdmi kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdmi trhy a kol\u00edsav\u00fdmi sm\u011bnn\u00fdmi kurzy je MMF\u00a0<\/span>poz\u016fstatkem minulosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Z \u0161t\u011bdrosti MMF v\u0161ak t\u011b\u017eilo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho lid\u00ed na to, aby jej jednodu\u0161e zru\u0161ili.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed pandemie covidu-19\u00a0<\/span>MMF podpo\u0159il des\u00edtky vl\u00e1d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 zbyte\u010dn\u011b paralyzovaly jejich ekonomiky. V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 \u0159editelka MMF\u00a0<\/span>Kristalina Georgievov\u00e1<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v dubnu 2021 uvedla:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eS postupuj\u00edc\u00edm o\u017eiven\u00edm [po covidu] p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho zem\u00ed zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 a ekonomick\u00e1 nerovnost se prohlubuje. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed rozhodn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch krok\u016f, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd dostal spravedlivou \u0161anci \u2013 injekci do pa\u017ee k ukon\u010den\u00ed pandemie na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a \u0161anci na lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnost pro zraniteln\u00e9 osoby a zem\u011b.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eSpravedliv\u00e1 \u0161ance\u201c ve skute\u010dnosti spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed byrokrat\u00e9 MMF poskytli\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>miliardy dolar\u016f v podob\u011b nouzov\u00fdch p\u016fj\u010dek<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>80 vl\u00e1d\u00e1m<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 byly autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9\u00a0. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0Fondu pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof a pomoc p\u0159i katastrof\u00e1ch (CCRT)<\/strong>\u00a0obdr\u017eelo\u00a029 zem\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0dodate\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, \u00fadajn\u011b na boj s n\u00e1sledky covidu.\u00a0Tato\u00a0z\u00e1plava pen\u011bz<\/strong>\u00a0od MMF\u00a0v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0inflaci .<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Role Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky: fale\u0161n\u00e1 podpora soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru<\/span><\/h3>\n

Jak informuje\u00a0<\/span>New York Times<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, nov\u00fd prezident Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky\u00a0<\/span>Ajay Banga<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0klade d\u016fraz na podporu\u00a0<\/span>zam\u011bstnanosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zapojen\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho\u00a0<\/span>sektoru<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Ale vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru Sv\u011btovou bankou je \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>klam nebo politick\u00e1 kou\u0159ov\u00e1 clona<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nJi\u017e na konci 80. let banka ozna\u010dovala \u00fav\u011bry komunistick\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm za \u201esoukrom\u00fd sektor\u201c \u2013 co\u017e je zjevn\u011b chybn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsem odhalil v \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0<\/span>ve Wall Street Journal<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z roku 1988 . Hodnocen\u00ed projekt\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed, vede k\u00a0<\/span>fale\u0161n\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>tokenov\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pandemie covidu dala Sv\u011btov\u00e9 bance p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost prezentovat se jako\u00a0<\/span>spasitel<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. V prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch pandemie hrd\u011b prohl\u00e1sila:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e nouzov\u00e1 reakce na Covid-19 dos\u00e1hla 100 rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u2013 kde \u017eije 70 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Mezi dubnem 2020 a b\u0159eznem 2021 se banka zav\u00e1zala poskytnout\u00a0ve\u0159ejnou i soukromou podporu ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159es\u00a0<\/span>200 miliard dolar\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>bezprecedentn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Ale oslavn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nezm\u00ednily, \u017ee Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka tyto miliardy \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvala\u00a0<\/span>k tomu, aby vl\u00e1d\u00e1m pomohla ekonomicky zni\u010dit jejich vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Korupce jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pomoci<\/span><\/h3>\n

MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka de facto\u00a0<\/span>prom\u011bnily mnoho zem\u00ed v kleptokracie \u2013 re\u017eimy zlod\u011bj\u016f.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Studie \u010dasopisu\u00a0<\/span>American Economic Review<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z roku 2002 dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1r\u016fst zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci je doprov\u00e1zen soub\u011b\u017en\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem korupce\u201c<\/em>
\na: \u201eKorupce pozitivn\u011b koreluje se zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed USA.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee ani MMF, ani Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka nemaj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>probl\u00e9m s financov\u00e1n\u00edm autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f.<\/span><\/strong>
\nZpr\u00e1va OSN z roku 2015, kterou vypracoval\u00a0<\/span>zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zpravodaj OSN pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chudobu a lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Philip Alston<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSv\u011btov\u00e1 banka dnes stoj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sama \u2013 spolu s MMF \u2013 ve sv\u00e9m odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed uznat lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm je, \u017ee by se nem\u011blo vm\u011b\u0161ovat do \u201estranick\u00fdch nebo ideologick\u00fdch spor\u016f\u201c. Nejsou podporov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 frakce, strany ani formy vl\u00e1dy.<\/span>
\nAle\u00a0<\/span>jak\u00e1koli finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc re\u017eimu upev\u0148uje jeho moc.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Po americk\u00fdch invaz\u00edch do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a Ir\u00e1ku zavedl Pentagon tento term\u00edn:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePen\u00edze jako zbra\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Pen\u00edze jako zbra\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va OSN popsala p\u0159\u00edstup Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky k lidsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm takto:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNesouvisl\u00e9, kontraproduktivn\u00ed a neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9. Pro Sv\u011btovou banku jsou lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jakousi naka\u017elivou nemoc\u00ed, nikoli univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmi hodnotami.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0banka z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159iv\u00edr\u00e1 o\u010di p\u0159ed\u00a0<\/span>poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u2013 \u017eije v \u201eum\u011bl\u00e9 bublin\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trump chce d\u00e1le pos\u00edlit MMF a Sv\u011btovou banku<\/span><\/h3>\n

Touha Trumpovy administrativy \u201ezdvojn\u00e1sobit\u201c MMF a Sv\u011btovou banku se sotva shoduje s t\u00edm, \u017ee americk\u00e1 agentura pro rozvojovou pomoc\u00a0<\/span>USAID<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zru\u0161ila 90 % smluv o zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci .<\/span>
\nMnoho pozorovatel\u016f pot\u011b\u0161ilo, \u017ee Washington kone\u010dn\u011b uznal jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch podvod\u016f posledn\u00edch 80 let.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale pokud Trump\u016fv t\u00fdm nedok\u00e1\u017ee\u00a0formulovat ani\u00a0<\/span>smysluplnou politiku v\u016f\u010di Sv\u011btov\u00e9 bance , jak se bude vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vat\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>se slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi geopolitick\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

Koncem 80. let jsem kr\u00e1tce p\u016fsobil jako konzultant Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky a pom\u00e1hal jsem se zpr\u00e1vou o absurdit\u00e1ch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed. I za Reagana byla banka pravideln\u011b kritizov\u00e1na \u2013 bez trval\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ministr Bessent si nyn\u00ed st\u011b\u017eoval, \u017ee Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka by\u00a0<\/span>ji\u017e nem\u011bla o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u201ebianko \u0161eky za bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd marketing s polovi\u010dat\u00fdmi sliby reforem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201c .<\/span>
\nPo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016flstolet\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch pokus\u016f o reformy v\u0161ak nen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>d\u016fvod doufat<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u017ee se tentokr\u00e1t n\u011bco zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebo si Trump\u016fv t\u00e1bor v\u00e1\u017en\u011b mysl\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz americk\u00fdch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zvy\u0161uje jejich dopad \u201eprosp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm\u201c?<\/span>
\nMo\u017en\u00e1 si \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ministerstva financ\u00ed prost\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>b\u00fdt i nad\u00e1le zv\u00e1ni na ty nejhonosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed recepce ve Washingtonu a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/strong>
\nA\u0165 tak \u010di onak, role\u00a0<\/span>MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00edch covidov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0op\u011bt ukazuje,<\/span>
\npro\u010d by tyto instituce m\u011bly b\u00fdt zru\u0161eny.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

James Bovard, dr\u017eitel stipendia Brownstone Fellow z roku 2023, je autor a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed, jeho\u017e koment\u00e1\u0159e se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed, selh\u00e1n\u00ed, korupce, klientelismu a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed moci ve vl\u00e1d\u011b. Je publicistou den\u00edku USA Today a \u010dast\u00fdm p\u0159isp\u011bvatelem do den\u00edku The Hill. Je autorem deseti knih, v\u010detn\u011b knihy Posledn\u00ed pr\u00e1va: Smrt americk\u00e9 svobody.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka: Faktory umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1sah proti covidu Americk\u00fd ministr financ\u00ed\u00a0Scott Bessent\u00a0si minul\u00fd t\u00fdden…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[45,207,1502,1504,3014],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78668"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78668\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}