{"id":78663,"date":"2025-05-13T00:27:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T22:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78663"},"modified":"2025-05-12T17:13:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T15:13:02","slug":"americka-proticinska-kampan-kontinuita-rozpory-a-prilezitosti-pro-brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/13\/americka-proticinska-kampan-kontinuita-rozpory-a-prilezitosti-pro-brics\/","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00e1 proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 kampa\u0148: kontinuita, rozpory a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro BRICS"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trump\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup, navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na Biden\u016fv odkaz, zintenziv\u0148uje cla a proti\u010d\u00ednskou propagandu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ustupuje od dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a paradoxn\u011b i od iniciativ m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edly, jako je USAID. Arktick\u00e9 ambice proti Rusku a nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Indi\u00ed a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii d\u00e1le komplikuj\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed Washingtonu a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed rostouc\u00ed roli BRICS jako protiv\u00e1hy z\u00e1padn\u00ed hegemonie v rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V neust\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed krajin\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitiky se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pod veden\u00edm prezidenta Donalda Trumpa nad\u00e1le zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na boj proti rostouc\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny, co\u017e je politika, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1klad\u016f polo\u017een\u00fdch jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdcem Joem Bidenem. Zat\u00edmco Bidenova administrativa prosazovala nebezpe\u010dnou strategii \u201e\u00a0<\/span>dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c s c\u00edlem omezit \u010c\u00ednu i Rusko, Trump\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup, a\u010dkoli odli\u0161n\u00fd, si v\u016f\u010di Pekingu zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 agresivn\u00ed postoj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kon o autorizaci fondu pro boj proti \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu vlivu \u010cLR z roku 2023<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd schv\u00e1lila Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f USA v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 pom\u011brem hlas\u016f 351 ku 36, povolil do roku 2027 ro\u010dn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>325 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na boj proti glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed, ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a protikorup\u010dn\u00edch iniciativ. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, jedn\u00e1 se o n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je zes\u00edlit\u00a0<\/span>proti\u010d\u00ednskou propagandu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, signalizuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br Washingtonu eskalovat svou narativn\u00ed v\u00e1lku proti Pekingu. Tento legislativn\u00ed krok, zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd v politice Bidenovy \u00e9ry, se sna\u017eil \u010delit glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm medi\u00e1ln\u00edch a informa\u010dn\u00edch kampan\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

No, p\u0159esu\u0148me se do kv\u011btna 2025: Trump tento p\u0159\u00edstup nejen p\u0159ijal, ale je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlil.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span>Bidenova a Trumpova \u201ev\u00e1lka\u201c proti TikToku (i kdy\u017e v druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o zm\u011bnu postoje z\u00a0<\/span><\/a>d\u016fvodu p\u00e1kov\u00e9ho efektu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. A co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Trumpovo sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed vysok\u00fdch cel \u2013\u00a0<\/span>145 % na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd dovoz<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 podtrhuje z\u00e1vazek k ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Takov\u00e1 cla, spolu se sankcemi v\u016f\u010di \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm firm\u00e1m a omezen\u00edmi v\u00fdvozu vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed Bidenovy snahy o diplomatick\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 omezen\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. Toto je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00fd d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl jak Bidenov\u011b \u00e9\u0159e, tak i Trumpov\u011b vlastn\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed politice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpova strategie se v\u0161ak od Bidenovy v jednom aspektu pon\u011bkud li\u0161\u00ed: v \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fastupu od dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno. Bidenova administrativa se siln\u011b op\u00edrala o aliance jako NATO, kter\u00e9 se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo s p\u0159istoupen\u00edm Finska a \u0160v\u00e9dska, aby vyvinula tlak sou\u010dasn\u011b na \u010c\u00ednu i Rusko (se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na to druh\u00e9).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump v\u0161ak signalizoval \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed z takov\u00e9 trasy a m\u00edsto toho se \u00fa\u017eeji zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u010c\u00ednu, zat\u00edmco v\u016f\u010di Rusku zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 konfronta\u010dn\u00ed, ale m\u00e9n\u011b koordinovan\u00fd postoj. Ale i tam v\u011bci zdaleka nejsou jednoduch\u00e9; vezm\u011bte si nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00e9 ambice ohledn\u011b Gr\u00f3nska: jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc, Washington se sna\u017e\u00ed pos\u00edlit svou arktickou p\u0159\u00edtomnost, aby ovl\u00e1dl zdroje a obkl\u00ed\u010dil Rusko, a t\u00edm \u010delil vlivu Moskvy (\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tak\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, co\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed), ale bez Bidenova \u0161irok\u00e9ho alian\u010dn\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. USA nav\u00edc v podstat\u011b\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed \u201eukrajinskou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Evropu, co\u017e je trend patrn\u00fd ji\u017e koncem Bidenova funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. To z USA nijak ned\u011bl\u00e1 spojence Ruska; obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1, i kdy\u017e v jin\u00e9m smyslu, a Moskva tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 druho\u0159ad\u00fdm c\u00edlem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u011bt k Pekingu. Slo\u017eitosti Trumpovy proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politiky d\u00e1le umoc\u0148uje nestabiln\u00ed dynamika v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii, zejm\u00e9na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Indi\u00ed a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem. Jak jsem ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, tato atlantick\u00e1 supervelmoc se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu mezi prohlubuj\u00edc\u00edmi se vazbami s Indi\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pokra\u010dovat ve vojensk\u00e9 podpo\u0159e P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva viceprezidenta J. D. Vance v Indii zd\u016fraznila \u00fasil\u00ed Washingtonu o pos\u00edlen\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed s Nov\u00fdm Dill\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm \u010dlenem BRICS a z americk\u00e9ho pohledu protiv\u00e1hou \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00e1kist\u00e1n, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edjemcem americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 podpory, v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v regionu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti k Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a historick\u00e9mu soupe\u0159en\u00ed s Indi\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace proti Indii v D\u017eamm\u00fa zd\u016fraznily nejistotu regionu. V\u0161echna tato nap\u011bt\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuj\u00ed jak\u00e9koli americk\u00e9 snahy o sjednocen\u00ed Indie proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b, proto\u017ee zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed na jeho z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranici by m\u011blo oslabit jeho strategick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s washingtonskou proti\u010d\u00ednskou osou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc jak\u00e9koli takov\u00e9 proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 snahy za Trumpova veden\u00ed \u010del\u00ed paradoxu, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b podkop\u00e1ny \u00fastupem jeho administrativy od m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edly. T\u00edm, \u017ee Trump sm\u011b\u0159uje k demont\u00e1\u017ei nebo \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zru\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c USAID a \u0161krt\u00e1n\u00edm financov\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00edch a rozvojov\u00fdch program\u016f, v podstat\u011b oslabuje schopnost sv\u00e9 zem\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat si srdce a mysli lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Tyto \u0161krty oslabuj\u00ed schopnost Ameriky \u010delit rostouc\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm diplomacie a pomoci, zejm\u00e9na v regionech, jako je Afrika a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ohro\u017euj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost jej\u00edch propagandistick\u00fdch snah a ustupuj\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b pod nohama\u00a0<\/span>pekingsk\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm iniciativ\u00e1m v oblasti m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. T\u00edmto jedn\u00e1n\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdrazn\u011b oslabil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kulturn\u00ed vliv USA po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, tvrd\u00ed emeritn\u00ed profesor Harvardovy univerzity Joseph Nye (kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fdm autorem samotn\u00e9ho term\u00ednu \u201em\u011bkk\u00e1 s\u00edla\u201c).<\/span><\/p>\n

To v\u0161e m\u00e1 pro BRICS velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, pokud jde o to, \u010d\u00edm se blok m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1t ve v\u011bku\u00a0<\/span>neanga\u017eovanosti a mnohostrann\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno jsem\u00a0<\/span>komentoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mongolsk\u00fd projekt ropovodu spojuj\u00edc\u00edho Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu a zd\u016fraznil potenci\u00e1l BRICS budovat nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 obch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed dominanci. Washington se v\u0161ak obvykle sna\u017e\u00ed takov\u00e9 iniciativy naru\u0161it prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sankc\u00ed, cel a nevyzpytateln\u00e9 diplomacie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Trumpova hrozba vysok\u00fdmi cly pro zem\u011b BRICS usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0<\/span>spole\u010dnou m\u011bnu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zachovat hegemonii dolaru a potla\u010dit finan\u010dn\u00ed autonomii bloku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m sah\u00e1 i za hranice glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu: \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 odvetn\u00e1 cla ve\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fd\u0161i 34 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na dovoz z USA a na spolupr\u00e1ci s Evropou a Asi\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Trumpovo rozpad alianc\u00ed. Indick\u00e1 balancovac\u00ed strategie BRICS a\u00a0<\/span>SCO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spolu s p\u00e1kist\u00e1nskou rivalitou omezuj\u00ed jej\u00ed spolehlivost jako partnera USA (alespo\u0148 jak si p\u0159edstavovali Biden, Vance a Trump). Trumpovo zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na Arktidu je sice strategick\u00e9, ale odv\u00e1d\u00ed zdroje od soudr\u017en\u00e9 proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 strategie a dokonce se vymst\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u010d\u00ednsko-rusk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 trase.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Trumpova proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 politika, kter\u00e1 stav\u00ed na Bidenov\u011b odkazu, riskuje p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 nap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. I \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00fastup od dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011btuje soudr\u017enost aliance, zat\u00edmco slo\u017eitosti Arktidy a Ji\u017en\u00ed Asie brzd\u00ed ambice Washingtonu. Jak se p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 a upadaj\u00edc\u00ed americk\u00e1 supervelmoc \u017eene vp\u0159ed, jej\u00ed st\u00e1le nevyzpytateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010diny mohou ne\u00famysln\u011b pos\u00edlit pr\u00e1v\u011b ten multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed potla\u010dit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>. v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Trump\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup, navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na Biden\u016fv odkaz, zintenziv\u0148uje cla a proti\u010d\u00ednskou propagandu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ustupuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,30,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78663"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78663\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}