{"id":78264,"date":"2025-05-08T00:27:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T22:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78264"},"modified":"2025-05-07T17:02:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T15:02:17","slug":"prohlubovani-vztahu-mezi-usa-a-indii-uprostred-napeti-v-kasmiru-multipolarni-vyzva-pro-brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/08\/prohlubovani-vztahu-mezi-usa-a-indii-uprostred-napeti-v-kasmiru-multipolarni-vyzva-pro-brics\/","title":{"rendered":"Prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi USA a Indi\u00ed uprost\u0159ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v Ka\u0161m\u00edru: multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdzva pro BRICS"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva americk\u00e9ho viceprezidenta J. D. Vance v Indii posiluje vazby s c\u00edlem \u010delit \u010c\u00edn\u011b, zat\u00edmco nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Indi\u00ed a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem ohledn\u011b Ka\u0161m\u00edru roste. V ji\u017en\u00ed Asii se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159ehk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva americk\u00e9ho viceprezidenta J. D. Vance v Indii, zachycen\u00e1 na v\u0159el\u00e9 fotografii s premi\u00e9rem Narendrou Modim a jejich rodinami, signalizuje prohlouben\u00ed indicko-americk\u00fdch vazeb v dob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho geopolitick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se indicko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vztahy zhor\u0161uj\u00ed po smrt\u00edc\u00edm \u00fatoku v Ka\u0161m\u00edru z 22. dubna 2025, kter\u00fd si vy\u017e\u00e1dal 26 civiln\u00edch \u017eivot\u016f (co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok na indick\u00e9 civilisty od epizody v Bombaji v roce 2008), zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Washington zdvojn\u00e1sobuje sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s Indi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tento krok v\u0161ak nen\u00ed pouze reakc\u00ed na region\u00e1ln\u00ed nestabilitu, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie USA, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u010delit rostouc\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny \u2013 strategie, kter\u00e1 se prosadila od Bidenovy administrativy a\u017e po Trumpovu. Pro komunitu BRICS tento v\u00fdvoj vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b role multipolarity ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le formov\u00e1n z\u00e1padn\u00edmi geopolitick\u00fdmi agendami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed Vanceovy n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy, kter\u00e1 skon\u010dila 5. kv\u011btna 2025, je v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9. Vance\u00a0b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy D\u017eajpuru zd\u016fraznil kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli Indie pro \u201e\u00a0<\/span>prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed a m\u00edrov\u00e9 stolet\u00ed \u201c, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017eelo i na jeho setk\u00e1n\u00edch s Modim. USA nab\u00edzej\u00ed Indii pokro\u010dil\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 technologie,\u00a0<\/span><\/a>v\u010detn\u011b st\u00edha\u010dek F-35<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ve snaze odklonit Indii od jej\u00ed historick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na rusk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech. Tato nab\u00eddka, spolu s energetick\u00fdmi dohodami, signalizuje dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1vazek odstavit Indii od vlivu Moskvy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlit jej\u00ed vojenskou kapacitu proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Jak\u00a0<\/span>poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Rishi Gupta (Think China’s Assistant Director) , Vanceova n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva nebyla jen diplomatick\u00fdm gestem, ale vzkazem pro Peking: USA to s vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm protiv\u00e1hy v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu mysl\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto americko-indick\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na pozad\u00ed eskalace nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Indi\u00ed a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno. \u00datok v Ka\u0161m\u00edru, kter\u00fd CNN popsala jako nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok na civilisty v regionu za v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed, donutil Indii k drastick\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Indick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>pozastavily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0platnost Smlouvy o vod\u00e1ch Indu,\u00a0<\/span>uzav\u0159ely<\/span><\/a>\u00a0hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod Wagah a\u00a0<\/span>vyhostily p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 diplomaty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. To jsou kroky, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu ke kritick\u00fdm vodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm. P\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du zase\u00a0<\/span>uzav\u0159ely sv\u016fj vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro indick\u00e1 letadla a\u00a0<\/span>pozastavily obchod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Pro Indii \u00fatok \u2013 za kter\u00fd jsou obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ny skupiny podporovan\u00e9 P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Fronta odporu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 znovu rozdm\u00fdchal dlouhodob\u00e9 spory ohledn\u011b Ka\u0161m\u00edru, \u00fazem\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 si oba n\u00e1rody pln\u011b n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington se tak ocit\u00e1 ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 situaci, jeliko\u017e v \u00fanoru 2025 nab\u00eddl Indii st\u00edha\u010dky F-35 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v roce 2022 schv\u00e1lil program na podporu p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 flotily F-16 v hodnot\u011b\u00a0<\/span>450 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Toto dvoj\u00ed anga\u017em\u00e1 vys\u00edl\u00e1 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a riskuje odcizen\u00ed Indie, kter\u00e1 je pochopiteln\u011b opatrn\u00e1 ohledn\u011b americk\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, kontinuita americk\u00e9 politiky v\u016f\u010di Indii je pon\u011bkud pozoruhodn\u00e1. Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ji\u017e v roce 2020, Indie je ji\u017e dlouho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed vizi BRICS, vyva\u017euje sv\u00e9 vztahy s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se anga\u017euje se Z\u00e1padem. Za Bidena vztahy mezi USA a Indi\u00ed nabraly na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch d\u00edky obrann\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci a alianci Quad, co\u017e je trend, kter\u00fd Trump 2.0 jasn\u011b pokra\u010duje. Trumpova administrativa, navzdory sv\u00fdm \u00fadajn\u011b izolacionistick\u00fdm tendenc\u00edm, vn\u00edm\u00e1 Indii jako \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho partnera v boji proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b, co\u017e je priorita, kter\u00e1 je v souladu s Bidenov\u00fdm odkazem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro skupinu BRICS tento v\u00fdvoj podtrhuje v\u00fdzvy vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se vazby Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed s Washingtonem by mohly jeho orientaci d\u00e1le posunout od Ruska, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho partnera BRICS, a t\u00edm zkomplikovat soudr\u017enost skupiny. Jak\u00a0<\/span>zd\u016fraz\u0148uje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Amit Ranjan (v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Institutu jihoasijsk\u00fdch studi\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity v Singapuru) , Indie se slep\u011b nespojuje se Z\u00e1padem \u2013 nad\u00e1le \u201esleduje i \u010c\u00ednu\u201c, udr\u017euje obchodn\u00ed vazby a zapojuje se do f\u00f3r, jako je RIC (Rusko-Indie-\u010c\u00edna). Toto vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed strategickou autonomii Indie, co\u017e je princip, kter\u00fd jsem zd\u016fraznil v roce 2023, kdy\u017e jsem\u00a0<\/span>tvrdil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee role Indie jako vyva\u017eovac\u00ed mocnosti roste, a to i uprost\u0159ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch rozpor\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tomu tak v jist\u00e9m smyslu st\u00e1le je.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed geopolitick\u00e1 strategie USA, \u010dasto prosazovan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm NATO (i p\u0159es Trumpovo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 \u201eodstoupen\u00ed\u201c z n\u011bj), si v\u0161ak zaslou\u017e\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. I kdy\u017e samotn\u00e9 NATO nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo zapojeno do d\u011bn\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii, jeho vliv m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv na formov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a \u010dasto up\u0159ednost\u0148uje zdr\u017eenlivost p\u0159ed spoluprac\u00ed. Vize BRICS o multipolarit\u011b \u2013 zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 v neanga\u017eovanosti, mnohostrann\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m prosp\u011bchu \u2013 nab\u00edz\u00ed protiklad k takov\u00fdm r\u00e1mc\u016fm studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a zasazuje se o sv\u011bt, kde n\u00e1rody jako Indie mohou pragmaticky spolupracovat s v\u00edce mocnostmi, ani\u017e by byly nutn\u011b nuceny \u201evybrat si stranu\u201c. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e1 podpora Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu ze strany Washingtonu, a\u010dkoli je strategicky motivovan\u00e1, riskuje zhor\u0161en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e je dynamika, kterou mus\u00ed BRICS opatrn\u011b zvl\u00e1dat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do budoucna m\u00e1 BRICS dvoj\u00ed d\u016fsledky. Zaprv\u00e9, rostouc\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed Indie s USA by mohlo otev\u0159\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro obchodn\u00ed a technologickou spolupr\u00e1ci v r\u00e1mci bloku, zejm\u00e9na pokud Indie vyu\u017eije sv\u00e9 pozice k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch. Zadruh\u00e9, indicko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fd konflikt, pokud nebude zastaven, by mohl destabilizovat ji\u017en\u00ed Asii a ovlivnit dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce a investice \u2013 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 obavy pro ekonomiky BRICS. Blok se proto mus\u00ed zasazovat o deeskalaci, mo\u017en\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm diplomatick\u00fdch iniciativ, jako je RIC, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlit sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek k multipol\u00e1rn\u00edmu \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd up\u0159ednost\u0148uje suverenitu p\u0159ed hegemoni\u00ed vedenou Z\u00e1padem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abychom to shrnuli, v t\u00e9to nestabiln\u00ed dob\u011b mus\u00ed BRICS z\u016fstat platformou pro dialog a spolupr\u00e1ci a zajistit, aby strategick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed Indie posilovala, nikoli podkop\u00e1vala, multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed vizi. Vazby mezi USA a Indi\u00ed mohou slou\u017eit z\u00e1jm\u016fm Washingtonu, ale pro Indii \u2013 a pro BRICS \u2013 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odrazov\u00fdm m\u016fstkem k spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0159\u00e1du, nikoli n\u00e1vratem k \u201e\u00a0<\/span>alianganismu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a blok\u016fm ve stylu studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva americk\u00e9ho viceprezidenta J. D. Vance v Indii posiluje vazby s c\u00edlem \u010delit \u010c\u00edn\u011b, zat\u00edmco…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,79,37,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78264\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}