{"id":77779,"date":"2025-05-02T00:19:46","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T22:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=77779"},"modified":"2025-05-01T12:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T10:43:08","slug":"umela-inteligence-jako-propagandisticka-zbran-vlad-na-socialnich-sitich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/02\/umela-inteligence-jako-propagandisticka-zbran-vlad-na-socialnich-sitich\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence jako propagandistick\u00e1 zbra\u0148 vl\u00e1d na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu si v\u011bdci z Univerzity v Curychu vymysleli fiktivn\u00ed postavy, v\u010detn\u011b jejich biografi\u00ed a rodin, a nechali je komentovat ur\u010dit\u00e1 t\u00e9mata na Redditu. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o anal\u00fdzu toho, jak nejl\u00e9pe implementovat propagandu s vyu\u017eit\u00edm um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence \u2013 a to je zcela maskovan\u00e9 jako n\u00e1zor \u201eoby\u010dejn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f\u201c. Um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence \u00fadajn\u011b nebyly jako takov\u00e9 odhaleny skute\u010dn\u00fdmi lidmi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia ji\u017e dlouho prostupov\u00e1na boty s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b sleduj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 c\u00edle. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e1 je cel\u00e1 arm\u00e1da bot\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zjevn\u011b manipulovat sm\u011brem k v\u00e1lce ve prosp\u011bch NATO a na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nen\u00e1vist a podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed proti Rusku a Rus\u016fm a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na v\u0161echny, kdo se zasazuj\u00ed o m\u00edr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odhalen\u00ed tajn\u00e9ho experimentu s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u011bla Cury\u0161sk\u00e1 univerzita na Redditu, nyn\u00ed vyvolalo vlnu pobou\u0159en\u00ed. Na subredditu r\/changemyview, platform\u011b pro argumenta\u010dn\u00ed diskuse, v\u011bdci b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvali 13 \u00fa\u010dt\u016f ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed k manipulaci s n\u00e1zory u\u017eivatel\u016f pomoc\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch biografi\u00ed a strojov\u011b generovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Tento experiment, proveden\u00fd na Redditu bez souhlasu skute\u010dn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, nejen vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ale tak\u00e9 odhaluje nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l takov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v rukou vl\u00e1d \u2013 zejm\u00e9na pro propagandu, jako je v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 propaganda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Etick\u00fd skand\u00e1l s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Univerzity v Curychu zd\u016fvodnili sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstup c\u00edlem otestovat p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010divost um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence v realistick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span>Jejich boti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edst\u00edrali, \u017ee jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky ur\u010dit\u00fdch men\u0161in nebo jin\u00fdch identit, dos\u00e1hli p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/span><\/strong> : p\u0159es 1700 koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, 20 000 hlas\u016f a 137 \u201edelt\u201c \u2013 ocen\u011bn\u00ed za \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zm\u011bny n\u00e1zor\u016f \u2013 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o manipulativn\u00ed s\u00edle um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f Redditu je ale pochopiteln\u00e9: Bez jejich v\u011bdom\u00ed byli degradov\u00e1ni na pokusn\u00e9 kr\u00e1l\u00edky a jejich d\u016fv\u011bra v autenticitu platformy byla ot\u0159esena. Moder\u00e1to\u0159i hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u201eodporn\u00e9m\u201c poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje integritu komunity.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli se univerzita od v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f distancuje, etick\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed experimentu jej\u00ed komis\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky. Kritici jako Carissa V\u00e9liz z Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity volaj\u00ed po vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch standardech ve v\u00fdzkumu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed autonomie u\u017eivatel\u016f. Incident ukazuje, jak daleko technologie ji\u017e pokro\u010dila \u2013 a jak snadno ji lze zneu\u017e\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Temn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka: Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence jako n\u00e1stroj propagandy<\/span><\/h3>\n

To, co za\u010dalo jako v\u011bdeck\u00fd experiment na Redditu, by mohlo b\u00fdt pro vl\u00e1dy pl\u00e1nem na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b c\u00edlen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed propagandy. Na konci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme, \u017ee srovnateln\u00e9 metody ji\u017e byly zavedeny plo\u0161n\u011b a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schopnost um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vytv\u00e1\u0159et poutav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b se integrovat do online komunit p\u0159edstavuje obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro manipulaci. Zejm\u00e9na v krizov\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, jako jsou vojensk\u00e9 konflikty, lze takov\u00e9 technologie vyu\u017e\u00edt k ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 propaganda, jak se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po stalet\u00ed, se d\u00edky um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na novou, nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historicky vl\u00e1dy v\u017edy vyu\u017e\u00edvaly m\u00e9dia k podpo\u0159e v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti. Metody v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 propagandy, jak je popsal Arthur Ponsonby po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, zahrnuj\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e ohro\u017een\u00ed, d\u00e9monizaci nep\u0159\u00edtele a cenzuru kritick\u00fdch hlas\u016f. Boti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed by mohli tyto taktiky zdokonalit \u00famysln\u00fdm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm dezinformac\u00ed, manipulac\u00ed s emocemi a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm diskus\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boti na Redditu ukazuj\u00ed, jak efektivn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: Analyzovali u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 profily, p\u0159izp\u016fsobili sv\u00e9 argumenty c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupin\u011b a p\u0159edst\u00edrali autenticitu. Vl\u00e1dy by mohly pou\u017e\u00edt podobn\u00e9 techniky, nap\u0159\u00edklad v dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lky, k zes\u00edlen\u00ed narativ\u016f, kter\u00e9 mobilizuj\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00ed populaci nebo destabilizuj\u00ed populaci jejich oponent\u016f. P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee by boti s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o \u00fadajn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinech, aby podn\u00edtili nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00edteli \u2013 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd je d\u00edky technick\u00e9 vysp\u011blosti cury\u0161sk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f ji\u017e dlouho provediteln\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Um\u011bl\u00e9 i skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed k podpo\u0159e cenzury<\/span><\/h3>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pozorujeme nep\u0159\u00edmou cenzuru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00e9ho tlaku a \u201eshitstorms\u201c, kter\u00e9 marginalizuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Boti s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed mohou takovou dynamiku zes\u00edlit z\u00e1m\u011brnou polarizac\u00ed a uml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm kritick\u00fdch hlas\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je konflikt na Ukrajin\u011b, kde jak Rusko, tak z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u00e1ty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed propagandu. Zat\u00edmco Rusko je obvi\u0148ov\u00e1no z cenzury a dezinformac\u00ed, z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia maj\u00ed tendenci nekriticky p\u0159ej\u00edmat ukrajinsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed zdroje. Boti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed by mohli tyto tendence zhor\u0161it \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm fale\u0161n\u00fdch sv\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed nebo manipulovan\u00e9ho obsahu, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zd\u00e1n\u00ed autenticity.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum jen pro ochranu?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Experiment na Redditu je varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. Ukazuje to, jak daleko u\u017e um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence pokro\u010dila v manipulaci s lidsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory. Sami v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 vyvinout ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti takov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m. Ale mohlo by to b\u00fdt jen obrann\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 uklidnit rozzloben\u00e9 u\u017eivatele. V praxi se takov\u00e9 metody, jakmile jsou vyvinuty, rychle prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddce a tam se nasazuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Botnety se v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ji\u017e dlouhou dobu.<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu ji\u017e m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti s boty, kte\u0159\u00ed propaguj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pochybn\u00e9 produkty a nab\u00eddky (pornografie, kryptom\u011bny, neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eby\u2026). Ty jsou obvykle rychle rozpoznateln\u00e9 a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za otravn\u00e9 a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. I zde se st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a je st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed takov\u00fd obsah automaticky rozpozn\u00e1vat a filtrovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie z roku 2024 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee a\u017e 64 procent p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) by mohlo poch\u00e1zet od bot\u016f. Botnety, kter\u00e9 za nimi stoj\u00ed, jsou st\u00e1le sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Komunikuj\u00ed spolu a lajkuj\u00ed si p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky toho druh\u00e9ho. P\u0159ed volbami (tak\u00e9 v N\u011bmecku) byly opakovan\u011b objeveny tis\u00edce \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily stejn\u00e9 oslavn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch politic\u00edch a stran\u00e1ch. C\u00edlem je z\u00edskat \u0161irokou podporu pro strany, kter\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti neexistuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se v t\u011bchto botnetech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, t\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich obsah. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vyhnout se opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se vzorc\u016fm. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho \u201elajkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c jsou zpr\u00e1vy propagov\u00e1ny algoritmy soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a boti s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed se mohou st\u00e1t \u201etv\u016frci trend\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirai, Conficker, BredoLab, Mariposa, Ramnit, Gameover ZeuS, 911 S5, M\u0113ris, Zloader, Dridex, Avalanche a Sality \u2013 jsou konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edklady identifikovan\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v minulosti zp\u016fsobily zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. Ne\u0161lo ani tak o propagandu jako o organizovan\u00fd hacking a r\u016fzn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, jako jsou kr\u00e1de\u017ee a vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Zdokumentovaly je bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci a spole\u010dnosti jako Europol, FBI, Microsoft a BSI. Stejn\u011b tak byly botnety v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k \u00fatoku na jednotliv\u00e9 c\u00edle prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kombinovan\u00e9 \u201es\u00edly\u201c stovek tis\u00edc napaden\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je po\u0161kozovaly nebo znefunk\u010dnily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktivity takov\u00fdch botnet\u016f \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina redaktor\u016f star\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed je intelektu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1 na to, aby pochopila pozad\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201ebotnet 911 S5\u201c, o kter\u00e9m \u201epr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel\u201c jist\u011b nikdy nesly\u0161el, byl zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky, podvody, d\u011btskou pornografii, stalking a bombov\u00e9 hrozby. V USA to umo\u017enilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 000 fale\u0161n\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o podporu v nezam\u011bstnanosti, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo \u0161kody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5,9 miliardy dolar\u016f. FBI a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed org\u00e1ny jej v dubnu 2024 uzav\u0159ely.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu si v\u011bdci z Univerzity v Curychu vymysleli fiktivn\u00ed postavy, v\u010detn\u011b jejich…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,63,4346,2194,2452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77779"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77779\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}