{"id":77636,"date":"2025-04-30T04:16:45","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T02:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=77636"},"modified":"2025-04-30T04:16:45","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T02:16:45","slug":"cina-uvedla-do-provozu-prvni-jaderny-reaktor-na-thorium-na-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/30\/cina-uvedla-do-provozu-prvni-jaderny-reaktor-na-thorium-na-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna uvedla do provozu prvn\u00ed jadern\u00fd reaktor na thorium na sv\u011bt\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Co skute\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt \u2013 pr\u016flom \u010c\u00edny v oblasti jadern\u00e9 energie<\/h3>\n

Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt je uchv\u00e1cen dramatick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem celn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, kterou rozpoutala hv\u011bzda reality show Donnie Trump, a lid\u00e9 \u017easnou nad ni\u010divou silou hloup\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlence, v \u010c\u00edn\u011b se odehr\u00e1la skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku dubna dos\u00e1hli \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci miln\u00edku v oblasti technologie \u010dist\u00e9 energie, kdy\u017e \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159idali \u010derstv\u00e9 palivo do funk\u010dn\u00edho reaktoru na roztavenou thoriovou s\u016fl, prvn\u00edho sv\u00e9ho druhu na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tento pr\u016flom signalizuje p\u0159\u00edchod komer\u010dn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9ho thoriov\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho reaktoru do budouc\u00ed energetick\u00e9 skladby \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Thorium je mnohem bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou uranu pro jadernou energii, proto\u017ee je \u0161iroce dostupn\u00e9, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na t\u011b\u017ebu, m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed energetickou hustotu a produkuje mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/p>\n

Je mnohem bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uran, proto\u017ee s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nen\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fd, a proto nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit k v\u00fdrob\u011b zbran\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci na jadern\u00fd pr\u016fmysl pova\u017euj\u00ed thorium za svat\u00fd gr\u00e1l budouc\u00ed energetick\u00e9 revoluce vedle jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze, o kter\u00e9 se kr\u00e1tce zm\u00edn\u00edm na konci.<\/p>\n

Thorium se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v hojn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jedin\u00fd d\u016fl v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 Vnit\u0159n\u00ed Mongolii, d\u016fl Bayan Obo, m\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby thoria, aby teoreticky pokryl energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby \u010c\u00edny na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 20 000 let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e produkuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edho odpadu.<\/p>\n

Nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm technologick\u00fdm sm\u011brem je vyu\u017eit\u00ed thoria v reaktorech s roztavenou sol\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed tuto technologii vyv\u00edj\u00ed, \u010c\u00edna je prvn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 postavila experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed reaktor s roztavenou sol\u00ed a thoriem.<\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016flom v p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9ho paliva do provozovan\u00e9ho reaktoru nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tato technologie je p\u0159ipravena pro trval\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o prvn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed provoz t\u00e9to technologie, kter\u00fd \u010c\u00ednu stav\u00ed do \u010dela glob\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1vodu o vyu\u017eit\u00ed thoria pro jadernou energii.<\/p>\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed reaktor, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v pou\u0161ti Gobi na z\u00e1pad\u011b \u010c\u00edny, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 roztavenou s\u016fl jako nosi\u010d paliva a chladivo a thorium jako zdroj paliva. Reaktor je navr\u017een tak, aby udr\u017eiteln\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bl 2 megawatty tepeln\u00e9 energie.<\/p>\n

O v\u00fdvoji informoval 8. dubna vedouc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk projektu Xu Hongjie v \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademii v\u011bd. Xu uvedl, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna \u201enyn\u00ed vede sv\u011bt v oblasti technologie jadern\u00e9 energie z thoria\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd projekt reaktoru na roztavenou thoriovou s\u016fl za\u010dal teoretick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem v 70. letech a v roce 2009 veden\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd pov\u011b\u0159ilo Xu realizac\u00ed jadern\u00e9 technologie nov\u00e9 generace.<\/p>\n

Projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm se b\u011bhem dvou let rozrostl z n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek \u010dlen\u016f na v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eU\u010dili jsme se prax\u00ed a prax\u00ed jsme se u\u010dili,\u201c \u0159ekl Xu. V\u00fdzvy byly obrovsk\u00e9 \u2013 navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f spojen\u00fdch s extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi teplotami a pr\u00e1ce s technick\u00fdmi komponenty, kter\u00e9 nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nebyly vyrobeny.<\/p>\n

Po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho reaktoru v roce 2018 se v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do projektu vzdala dovolen\u00e9 \u2013 pracovali dnem i noc\u00ed a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali na m\u00edst\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 dn\u00ed v roce. Pou\u0161\u0165 Gobi je tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f daleko od hlavn\u00edch pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 2023 byl reaktor postaven a dos\u00e1hl kritick\u00e9ho stavu \u2013 trval\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 reakce. V \u010dervnu 2024 dos\u00e1hl pln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku byl dokon\u010den proces dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed thoriov\u00e9ho paliva za chodu reaktoru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal jedin\u00fdm funk\u010dn\u00edm thoriov\u00fdm reaktorem na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eZvolili jsme nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed cestu, ale spr\u00e1vnou,\u201c uvedl Xu s odkazem na snahu o praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed nam\u00edsto \u010dist\u011b akademick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

V \u010c\u00edn\u011b se ji\u017e stav\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed reaktor na roztavenou thoriovou s\u016fl, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl dos\u00e1hnout kritick\u00e9ho stavu do roku 2030. Tento v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd reaktor je navr\u017een tak, aby produkoval 10 megawatt\u016f elekt\u0159iny, co\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed na nap\u00e1jen\u00ed 10 000 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed po dobu jednoho roku.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed lodn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavil n\u00e1vrh kontejnerov\u00e9 lodi poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 thoriem, kter\u00e1 by mohla potenci\u00e1ln\u011b dos\u00e1hnout bezemisn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy.<\/p>\n

\u00dasil\u00ed USA o v\u00fdvoj reaktoru na roztavenou s\u016fl zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na pap\u00ed\u0159e, a to i p\u0159es podporu obou stran Kongresu a iniciativy Ministerstva energetiky.<\/p>\n

Xu \u0159ekl: \u201eV jadern\u00e9 energetice neexistuj\u00ed rychl\u00e9 v\u00fdhry. Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt strategickou v\u00fddr\u017e a soust\u0159edit se na jednu v\u011bc po dobu 20, 30 let.\u201c<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b reaktor\u016f na thorium je \u010c\u00edna na \u0161pici v\u00fdvoje technologie jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze (na rozd\u00edl od sou\u010dasn\u00e9 technologie \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed), kter\u00e1 by mohla v\u00e9st k bezuhl\u00edkov\u00e9, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neomezen\u00e9 a \u010dist\u00e9 energii. F\u00faze je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se slunce nap\u00e1j\u00ed a generuje \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce energie ne\u017e \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

J\u00e1drem t\u00e9to f\u00fazn\u00ed revoluce je tokamak, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve tvaru koblihy, kter\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed siln\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed udr\u017euje p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 plazma. Napodobov\u00e1n\u00edm podm\u00ednek na Slunci, kde se atomy vod\u00edku spojuj\u00ed do helia, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tokamaky uvoln\u011bn\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna je na \u0161pi\u010dce glob\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b dos\u00e1hla \u010c\u00edna n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch miln\u00edk\u016f ve v\u00fdzkumu f\u00faze, v\u010detn\u011b<\/p>\n

\u2013 Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fd supravodiv\u00fd tokamak (EAST), v \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00fd \u201eum\u011bl\u00e9 slunce\u201c, vytvo\u0159il v lednu 2025 nov\u00fd rekord. Projekt s\u00eddl\u00ed v Hefei a je \u0159\u00edzen \u010c\u00ednskou akademi\u00ed v\u011bd (CAS), p\u0159edn\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem.<\/p>\n

EAST udr\u017eel plazmu s vysokou konfinac\u00ed po dobu 1 066 sekund, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ekonal p\u0159edchoz\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd rekord 403 sekund \u2013 co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok k udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm f\u00fazn\u00edm reakc\u00edm nezbytn\u00fdm pro praktickou v\u00fdrobu energie.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tokamak HL-2M, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u010ccheng-tu, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tokamakem v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Dos\u00e1hl prvn\u00edho v\u00fdboje plazmy a vysok\u00fdch parametr\u016f plazmy, je schopen produkovat teploty plazmy p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 200 milion\u016f stup\u0148\u016f Celsia a proudy plazmy p\u0159es 2,5 milionu amp\u00e9r\u016f, co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 f\u00fazn\u00ed reakce.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tokamak HH70, vyvinut\u00fd soukromou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Energy Singularity se s\u00eddlem v \u0160anghaji, vynik\u00e1 integrac\u00ed vysokoteplotn\u00edch supravodiv\u00fdch magnet\u016f vyroben\u00fdch z REBCO (oxid vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin a barya). Tato \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 technologie dramaticky sni\u017euje velikost a n\u00e1klady konven\u010dn\u00edch tokamak\u016f a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed energii.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Energy Singularity pl\u00e1nuje do roku 2027 postavit tokamak nov\u00e9 generace a do roku 2030 pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed technologick\u00fd demonstr\u00e1tor jadern\u00e9 f\u00fazn\u00ed reakce.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eitelnost z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kone\u010dnou hranic\u00ed, pr\u016flomy jako EAST a HH70 ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pokroky na cest\u011b k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze v praktick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu energie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159es v\u0161echny diskuse o clech a obchodn\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch je technologie nakonec cestou k rozvoji a prosperit\u011b lidstva. Neztr\u00e1cejme to z o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hua Bin<\/b><\/p>\n

\n

China has operationalized the world\u2019s first thorium nuclear reactor<\/a>\u00a0vy\u0161el 19.4.2025 na unz.com. Vybral a p\u0159elo\u017eil Zv\u011bdavec.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co skute\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt \u2013 pr\u016flom \u010c\u00edny v oblasti jadern\u00e9 energie Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt je uchv\u00e1cen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77637,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,8953,8670],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77636"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77636"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77636\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}