{"id":77023,"date":"2025-04-23T00:15:09","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T22:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=77023"},"modified":"2025-04-22T12:54:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T10:54:06","slug":"kognitivni-valka-nove-bojiste-ktere-vyuziva-nas-mozek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/23\/kognitivni-valka-nove-bojiste-ktere-vyuziva-nas-mozek\/","title":{"rendered":"Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka: nov\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 mozek"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka: nov\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 mozek<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bernard Claverie, emeritn\u00ed profesor kognitivn\u00ed v\u011bdy na Bordeaux Institute of Technology<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka zkoum\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed manipulaci nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi akt\u00e9ry pomoc\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed v\u011bdy, jako je propaganda a dezinformace.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Zahrnuje operace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na korumpov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch proces\u016f nep\u0159\u00edtele a zm\u011bnu jeho rozhodovac\u00ed schopnosti pomoc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ovliv\u0148uje kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti jednotlivc\u016f pomoc\u00ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b ovlivnit pozornost a reakce a dlouhodob\u011b kognitivn\u00ed strukturu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Abychom to mohli vy\u0159e\u0161it, mus\u00edme fyzicky chr\u00e1nit lidi ve strategick\u00fdch situac\u00edch a podporovat rozumn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie, a to navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Projekt Gecko si klade za c\u00edl vyvinout syst\u00e9my pro v\u00fdzkum kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lky v kontextu fiktivn\u00edch kriz\u00ed s c\u00edlem p\u0159ipravit osoby zapojen\u00e9 do operac\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u201eKognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201c, fr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 se objevila ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch projevech americk\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f v roce 2017 a rychle ji p\u0159evzali akademici a politologov\u00e9, je stejn\u011b znepokojiv\u00e1 jako fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed. co to p\u0159esn\u011b znamen\u00e1? Na tento nov\u00fd koncept se pod\u00edv\u00e1me s Bernardem Claveriem, profesorem kognitivn\u00edch v\u011bd na Bordeaux Polytechnic Institute a zakladatelem \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de cognitique.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Koncept kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lky je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b obrany. jak k tomu do\u0161lo?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Bernard Claverie: Tento koncept m\u00e1 civiln\u00ed i vojensk\u00fd charakter a je tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201ekognitivn\u00ed dominance\u201c nebo \u201ekognitivn\u00ed nad\u0159azenost\u201c. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se to dostalo do pop\u0159ed\u00ed asi p\u0159ed patn\u00e1cti lety. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byl potenci\u00e1l manipulace otev\u0159en\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pokrokem v kognitivn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b odsuzov\u00e1n a bylo vysloveno podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee by je mohly zneu\u017e\u00edt nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebo organizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Psychologick\u00e9 operace (psy-ops), v\u010detn\u011b propagandy a dezinformac\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako ofenzivn\u00ed marketing v civiln\u00edm sektoru byly doned\u00e1vna zalo\u017eeny na pom\u011brn\u011b rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch konceptech kognitivn\u00edch proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly st\u00e1le \u0161patn\u011b pochopeny. Tyto operace se proto zam\u011b\u0159ovaly na kontrolu toho, co mohly kontrolovat, tj. na informace \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 k nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, konkurent\u016fm nebo spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, v nad\u011bji, \u017ee ovlivn\u00ed jejich rozhodnut\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ale rozvoj tzv. \u201etvrd\u00fdch\u201c kognitivn\u00edch v\u011bd \u2013 tedy neinterpreta\u010dn\u00edch, ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch a kvantifikovateln\u00fdch \u2013 to v\u0161e zm\u011bnil. Tyto discipl\u00edny zkoumaj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed jako materi\u00e1ln\u00ed objekt z konverguj\u00edc\u00edch perspektiv r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed: neurov\u011bdy, lingvistiky, psychologie, analytick\u00e9 filozofie a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy, v\u010detn\u011b um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Jejich v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u011b ovlivnit samotn\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed procesy a t\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo zm\u011bnit my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 pochody protivn\u00edka.\ue206<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jak m\u016f\u017eeme dnes definovat kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lku?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u010cel\u00edme nov\u00e9 hrozb\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e limity a mo\u017enosti se st\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00edme pochopit. Pokud by se to m\u011blo definovat, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm polem v\u00fdzkumu \u2013 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b a veden\u00ed v\u00e1lek \u010di nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed \u2013 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edmi \u010di nest\u00e1tn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry. Zahrnuje operace ur\u010den\u00e9 ke zkreslen\u00ed, prevenci nebo zni\u010den\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch proces\u016f, situa\u010dn\u00edho pov\u011bdom\u00ed a rozhodovac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy a technologick\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159edky.\ue206<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u016f\u017eete n\u00e1m uv\u00e9st n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady opat\u0159en\u00ed, na kter\u00e1 by se tento koncept mohl vztahovat?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii jako zbra\u0148. M\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat invazivn\u00ed technologie ke zm\u011bn\u011b my\u0161len\u00ed, mozku a obecn\u011bji nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1kladem jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na podzim roku 2016 se u asi \u010dty\u0159iceti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ministerstva obrany na americk\u00e9 ambas\u00e1d\u011b na Kub\u011b n\u00e1hle rozvinuly podivn\u00e9, neschopn\u00e9 symptomy, kter\u00e9 se od t\u00e9 doby naz\u00fdvaly \u201ehavansk\u00fd syndrom\u201c. Bylo podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fd man\u00e9vr nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 moci vystavil tyto lidi neurobiologick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm c\u00edlen\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.\ue206<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka m\u016f\u017ee prim\u00e1rn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie ke specifick\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed (pam\u011b\u0165, pozornost, komunikace, emoce atd.). P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed personalizovan\u00fdch textov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v poslanc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed hlasuj\u00ed o sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, nebo zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed fotografi\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed vojensk\u00fdm \u010dinitel\u016fm s rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed b\u011bhem operace. C\u00edlem je naru\u0161it kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00edm pozornosti, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a reakc\u00ed.\ue206<\/span><\/p>\n

    Existuje v\u0161ak podez\u0159en\u00ed, a to je ten nejznepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekt: \u200b\u200bexistuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee tyto operace prob\u00edhaj\u00ed nepozorovan\u011b po dlouhou dobu. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kognitivn\u00edch zkreslen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed a maj\u00ed trval\u00e9, a\u017e nevratn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na kognitivn\u00ed osobnost, tedy zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jedinec zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace. Pilot m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad podm\u00edn\u011bn k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 reakci v ur\u010dit\u00e9 situaci; motivace technika odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho za \u00fadr\u017ebu stroje m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt postupn\u011b podkop\u00e1v\u00e1na \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u011b-soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi\u201c vlivy; nebo mohou b\u00fdt jednotlivci radikalizov\u00e1ni prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem v r\u00e1mci skupin zalo\u017een\u00fdch na identit\u011b, aby je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b o jejich vlastn\u00ed svobodn\u00e9 v\u016fli, o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vnosti smrt\u00edc\u00edch operac\u00ed. Akce jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed i skute\u010dn\u00fd sv\u011bt. Prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u00famysln\u00e9ho \u00fatoku pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee k rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed kognitivn\u00edho \u00fa\u010dinku \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b a posti\u017een\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u011b tendenci tento \u00fa\u010dinek minimalizovat nebo dokonce zaml\u010dovat, \u017ee byla napadena.<\/span><\/p>\n

    **Jak jste ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje jsou v kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kognitivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka: nov\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 mozek Bernard Claverie, emeritn\u00ed profesor kognitivn\u00ed v\u011bdy na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[8962,940,2812],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77025,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77023\/revisions\/77025"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}