{"id":76962,"date":"2025-04-22T00:23:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-21T22:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=76962"},"modified":"2025-04-21T13:45:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T11:45:10","slug":"jsou-izraelsti-osadnici-legitimni-vojenske-cile-podle-mezinarodniho-prava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/22\/jsou-izraelsti-osadnici-legitimni-vojenske-cile-podle-mezinarodniho-prava\/","title":{"rendered":"Jsou izrael\u0161t\u00ed osadn\u00edci legitimn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 c\u00edle podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Sionistick\u00e1 propaganda l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 osadn\u00edky jako nevinn\u00e9 civilisty. Okupace a jej\u00ed osadn\u00edci p\u016fsob\u00ed jako jeden celek, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou ozbrojen\u00ed osadn\u00edci roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed arm\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0<\/span>kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch argument\u016f sionistick\u00e9 propagandy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je p\u0159edstavovat izraelsk\u00e9 osadn\u00edky jako nevinn\u00e9 civilisty. Ve skute\u010dnosti\u00a0<\/span>se mnoho osadn\u00edk\u016f aktivn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho a koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed okupace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>legitimn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 c\u00edle podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va (IHL).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osadn\u00edci ve sv\u011btle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va (IHL)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. Nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 osady poru\u0161uj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Izraelsk\u00e9 osady na\u00a0<\/span>okupovan\u00fdch palestinsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch (OPT)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou\u00a0<\/span>nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, zejm\u00e9na podle:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>\u010cl\u00e1nek 49(6) \u010ctvrt\u00e9 \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd zakazuje okupa\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti p\u0159esunout sv\u00e9 obyvatelstvo na okupovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Rezoluce Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN 242, 338, 446, 465 a 2334, kter\u00e9 potvrzuj\u00ed nez\u00e1konnost izraelsk\u00fdch osad.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Osadn\u00edci nejsou pasivn\u00edmi obyvateli<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>jsou p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed expanze<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it \u201e\u00a0<\/span>faits accomplis<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c a vyhnat Palestince z jejich zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tyto osady p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd zlo\u010din (n\u00e1siln\u00fd p\u0159evod a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed),<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0osadn\u00edci\u00a0<\/span>si nemohou n\u00e1rokovat \u017e\u00e1dnou<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ochranu podle MHP.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Osadn\u00edci zapojen\u00ed do nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed ve\u0161kerou ochranu poskytovanou civilist\u016fm<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

MHP rozli\u0161uje mezi\u00a0<\/span>civilisty<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>bojovn\u00edky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Civiln\u00ed osoba ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd status,\u00a0<\/span>kdy\u017e se p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl. 51 odst. 3 Dodatkov\u00e9ho protokolu I k \u017denevsk\u00fdm \u00famluv\u00e1m<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b izraelsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Mnoho osadn\u00edk\u016f je ozbrojen\u00fdch a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed osadnick\u00fdch milic\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, organizovan\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 s podporou izraelsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu podnikaj\u00ed \u00fatoky proti Palestinc\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Osadnick\u00e9 milice pracuj\u00ed po boku izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na palestinsk\u00e9 vesnice, vypaluj\u00ed domy a zab\u00edjej\u00ed civilisty pod vojenskou ochranou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da\u00a0<\/span>ofici\u00e1ln\u011b financuje, vyzbrojuje a cvi\u010d\u00ed tyto milice<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Nejsou to jen civilist\u00e9, ale\u00a0<\/span>polovojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Dokonce i\u00a0<\/span>mimo slu\u017ebu izrael\u0161t\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b mnoha osadn\u00edk\u016f, jsou legitimn\u00edmi vojensk\u00fdmi c\u00edli,\u00a0<\/span>kdy\u017e se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch operac\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Ka\u017ed\u00fd osadn\u00edk,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00fd se aktivn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo slou\u017e\u00ed v ozbrojen\u00fdch milic\u00edch, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed ochranu poskytovanou civilist\u016fm a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se legitimn\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm c\u00edlem v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Realita \u201ecivil\u016f\u201c v kontextu okupace<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022 Osadn\u00edci nejsou jen neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed civilist\u00e9 na okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Mnoh\u00e9 z nich p\u016fsob\u00ed jako roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed samotn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 okupace.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Izraelsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony v\u00fdslovn\u011b dovoluj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>osadn\u00edk\u016fm nosit zbran\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a osadnick\u00e9 milice operuj\u00ed pod opera\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>izraelsk\u00e9ho ministerstva obrany a arm\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>\u00datoky osadn\u00edk\u016f proti Palestinc\u016fm nejsou\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u201e\u00a0<\/span>izolovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1siln\u00fdmi \u010diny<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, ale jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed systematick\u00e9 strategie etnick\u00fdch \u010distek.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. A co palestinsk\u00fd ozbrojen\u00fd odpor?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle\u00a0<\/span>\u010ctvrt\u00e9 \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy a<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0oby\u010dejov\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va jsou palestinsk\u00e1 hnut\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9ho odporu pova\u017eov\u00e1na za sou\u010d\u00e1st civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva \u2013 nikoli za ciz\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky \u2013 proto\u017ee br\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>svou vlast p\u0159ed vojenskou okupac\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Odpor v\u016f\u010di\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00e9 okupaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je\u00a0<\/span>pr\u00e1vn\u011b uzn\u00e1n podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>rezoluc\u00ed Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN 37\/43 a 1514<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee utla\u010dovan\u00fd lid m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo br\u00e1nit se proti koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Palestin\u0161t\u00ed bojovn\u00edci nejsou\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u201e\u00a0<\/span>terorist\u00e9<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, ale bojovn\u00edci v okupaci,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany, pokud dodr\u017euj\u00ed z\u00e1sady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Sionistick\u00e1 propaganda se sna\u017e\u00ed tyto rozd\u00edly smazat<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Osadn\u00edci jsou myln\u011b vykreslov\u00e1ni jako bezbrann\u00ed civilist\u00e9,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0i kdy\u017e se ve skute\u010dnosti aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na realizaci apartheidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Okupace klade rovn\u00edtko mezi v\u0161echny Palestince, bojovn\u00edky a civilisty a teroristy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zbavuje ochrany poskytovan\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm humanit\u00e1rn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Izrael\u00a0<\/span>pravideln\u011b zab\u00edj\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 civilisty, pot\u00e9 tato zab\u00edjen\u00ed ospravedl\u0148uje t\u00edm, \u017ee ob\u011bti ozna\u010d\u00ed jako\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u201e\u00a0<\/span>militanty<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, zat\u00edmco ozbrojen\u00ed osadn\u00edci jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni jako nevinn\u00e9 ob\u011bti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br: Jsou osadn\u00edci legitimn\u00ed c\u00edle?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Osadn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se ne\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed, maj\u00ed prosp\u011bch z ochrany civilist\u016f,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ale jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nez\u00e1konn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Osadn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se zapoj\u00ed do n\u00e1siln\u00fdch \u010din\u016f (nap\u0159. ozbrojen\u00e9 milice, z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edci a osadn\u00edci \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na Palestince), jsou legitimn\u00edmi vojensk\u00fdmi c\u00edli.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Okupace a jej\u00ed osadn\u00edci funguj\u00ed jako jeden celek<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou\u00a0<\/span>ozbrojen\u00ed osadn\u00edci roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va maj\u00ed Palestinci\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1konn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo br\u00e1nit se okupaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a ozbrojen\u00ed osadn\u00edci\u00a0<\/span>jsou bojovn\u00edci, nikoli civilist\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Sionistick\u00fd st\u00e1t nem\u016f\u017ee zru\u0161it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi bojovn\u00edky a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmi civilisty pouze za \u00fa\u010delem slou\u017eit jeho propagand\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza od\u00a0Story Ember leGa\u00efe<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sionistick\u00e1 propaganda l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 osadn\u00edky jako nevinn\u00e9 civilisty. Okupace a jej\u00ed osadn\u00edci p\u016fsob\u00ed jako jeden…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":76963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,107,1475,7652,404],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76964,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76962\/revisions\/76964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}