{"id":76697,"date":"2025-04-18T00:35:34","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T22:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=76697"},"modified":"2025-04-17T17:26:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T15:26:02","slug":"od-mozkoveho-bluetooth-k-full-robocop-kam-brzy-povedou-cipove-implantaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/18\/od-mozkoveho-bluetooth-k-full-robocop-kam-brzy-povedou-cipove-implantaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Od mozkov\u00e9ho Bluetooth k \u201eFull RoboCop\u201c: Kam brzy povedou \u010dipov\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><em><span>Brain Bluetooth, syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd p\u0159istupuje k lidsk\u00e9mu mozku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, by v budoucnu mohl tvo\u0159it z\u00e1klad pro \u201eimplantovan\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky\u201c a \u201etr\u00e9novan\u00e9 dovednosti\u201c, podporovan\u00e9 trval\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k internetu. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b jsou takov\u00e9 technologie o pomoci paralyzovan\u00fdm \u2013 ale temn\u00e1 agenda technokrat\u016f je zam\u011b\u0159ena na kontrolu: kontrolu nad lidsk\u00fdm mozkem, nad my\u0161lenkami, nad chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Nebo jin\u00fdmi slovy \u2013 \u201ehacknut\u00ed mozku\u201c. \u2043 Patrick Wood, redaktor<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><span>V klasick\u00e9m filmu\u00a0<\/span><em><span>RoboCop<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0(1987) se zabit\u00fd policista Alex Murphy znovuzrod\u00ed jako kyborg: s t\u011blem robota, plnohodnotn\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k online dat\u016fm, jako jsou tv\u00e1\u0159e podez\u0159el\u00fdch. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence mu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odhalovat hrozby; jeho lidsk\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky jsou slou\u010deny se strojov\u00fdmi informacemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>To, co bylo kdysi sci-fi, je nyn\u00ed hmatatelnou realitou. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie z filmu \u2013 jako jsou robotick\u00e9 exoskeletony \u2013 ji\u017e existuj\u00ed: \u201eAtlas\u201c spole\u010dnosti Boston Dynamics a \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fd robot \u201eCorleo\u201c spole\u010dnosti Kawasaki demonstruj\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 pohybov\u00e9 schopnosti. I ochrnut\u00ed pacienti mohou d\u00edky exoskeleton\u016fm \u2013 ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdm gesty nebo mozkov\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly \u2013 znovu chodit nebo stoupat po schodech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Po dlouhou dobu bylo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou rozhran\u00ed mezi mozkem a strojem. Ale i zde do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu pokroku.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span>My\u0161lenky se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jazykem<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span>V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm na Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b dos\u00e1hl pr\u016flomu: ochrnut\u00e1 \u017eena dok\u00e1zala vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky syntetick\u00fdm jazykem pomoc\u00ed mozkov\u00e9ho implant\u00e1tu s pouh\u00fdm t\u0159\u00edsekundov\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm \u2013 \u017eiv\u011b, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>My\u0161lenka propojen\u00ed stroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed nervov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f sah\u00e1 daleko do minulosti: Ji\u017e v roce 1791 Luigi Galvani objevil, \u017ee \u017eab\u00ed noha sebou \u0161kubne, kdy\u017e je vystavena elektrick\u00e9mu proudu. To znamenalo za\u010d\u00e1tek elektrofyziologie. V 60. letech se neurov\u011bdci Eberhardu Fetzovi poda\u0159ilo ovl\u00e1dat opice pomoc\u00ed elektrod \u2013 co\u017e byl prvn\u00ed miln\u00edk pro rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ale lidsk\u00fd mozek je slo\u017eit\u00fd: 86 miliard neuron\u016f, biliony spojen\u00ed \u2013 neust\u00e1le se pohybuj\u00ed, u\u010d\u00ed se, ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed, koordinuj\u00ed. Takzvan\u00e1 neuroplasticita m\u011bn\u00ed mozek v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 staveni\u0161t\u011b. Jednoduch\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bylo dlouhou dobu jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span>Mapov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku a nov\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span>Zobrazovac\u00ed techniky jako fMRI nebo PET dnes poskytuj\u00ed detailn\u00ed pohled na mozkovou aktivitu. Jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u2013 jako EEG nebo invazivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrokortikografie (ECoG) \u2013 p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011b\u0159\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 vlny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee invalidn\u00ed voz\u00edky nebo prot\u00e9zy lze ji\u017e ovl\u00e1dat silou my\u0161lenky \u2013 zat\u00edm v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm extern\u00edch n\u00e1hlavn\u00edch souprav. Na druhou stranu implant\u00e1ty vstupuj\u00ed do nov\u00fdch dimenz\u00ed: mikroelektrody, s\u00edt\u011b pro hlubok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a \u010dipy zachycuj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly a zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed je rychleji \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nov\u00fd implant\u00e1t z University of California vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 EKoG, vyvinut\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed: 253 elektrod m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vzory p\u0159\u00edmo z mozkov\u00e9 k\u016fry. Ty jsou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u00edt\u00ed hlubok\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159evedeny do datov\u00e9 matice \u2013 a dek\u00f3dov\u00e1ny do jazyka. Obrovsk\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 pracovaly pouze s \u00fapln\u00fdmi v\u011btami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Spole\u010dnost Neuralink<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0Elona Muska tak\u00e9\u00a0ukazuje, \u017ee pacienti mohou ovl\u00e1dat ukazatele my\u0161i pomoc\u00ed podobn\u00fdch technik. Jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fdm pacient\u016fm komunikovat ano\/ne \u2013 nebo dokonce jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy my\u0161i \u2013 pomoc\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch vln.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span>Pohled do budoucnosti<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span>Kombinace AI, mikro\u010dip\u016f a biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed tento v\u00fdvoj d\u00e1le urychl\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti letech by exoskelety, prot\u00e9zy a \u010dipy mohly umo\u017enit lidem se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b mobility a komunikace \u2013 dokonce jim umo\u017enit pln\u011b ovl\u00e1dat po\u010d\u00edta\u010de prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu v\u011bdci o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed schopnosti podobn\u00e9 RoboCop: implantovan\u00e9 pam\u011bti, automatizovan\u00e9 dovednosti, bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed mozku (\u201eBrain Bluetooth\u201c) \u2013 nebo vysokorychlostn\u00ed komunikaci mezi lidmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dokonce i vylep\u0161en\u00e9 smysly \u2013 jako je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed zrak, u\u0161i nebo fyzick\u00e1 s\u00edla \u2013 jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky senzorov\u00e9 technologii a neur\u00e1ln\u00edm aktu\u00e1tor\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span>Etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u00fdmi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span>\u010c\u00edm realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se tato technologie st\u00e1v\u00e1, t\u00edm nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyvst\u00e1vaj\u00ed etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Lze p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed smazat nebo vlo\u017eit?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Daj\u00ed se emoce ovl\u00e1dat?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Bude n\u00e1\u0161 mozek brzy pot\u0159ebovat \u201ez\u00e1platovat\u201c nebo \u201erestartovat\u201c?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Technick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky byly z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159ekon\u00e1ny. Nyn\u00ed je na spole\u010dnosti, aby rozhodla, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tato technologie zavedena \u2013 \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve debata za\u010dne, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/amin-al-habaibeh-200879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Amin Al-Habaibeh<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, profesor inteligentn\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f,\u00a0<\/span><em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span>Nottingham Trent University<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technocracy.news\/whence-chip-implants-from-brain-bluetooth-to-full-robocop\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brain Bluetooth, syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd p\u0159istupuje k lidsk\u00e9mu mozku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, by v budoucnu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":76698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[341,8940,794,2252],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76697"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76697"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76697\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}