{"id":76125,"date":"2025-04-11T00:20:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T22:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=76125"},"modified":"2025-04-10T12:14:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T10:14:54","slug":"spojene-kralovstvi-vyviji-nastroj-pro-predpoved-vrazdy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/11\/spojene-kralovstvi-vyviji-nastroj-pro-predpoved-vrazdy\/","title":{"rendered":"Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vyv\u00edj\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro \u201ep\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f vra\u017edy\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><span>Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pracuje na vysoce kontroverzn\u00edm projektu p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed vra\u017ed \u2013 a p\u0159itahuje ostrou kritiku od aktivist\u016f za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a odborn\u00edk\u016f na ochranu dat. C\u00edlem programu je pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f identifikovat osoby, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sp\u00e1chaj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u010diny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Projekt, p\u016fvodn\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd\u00a0pod n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u201eProjekt predikce vra\u017ed\u201c, byl od t\u00e9 doby p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>\u201eSd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed rizik<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u201c Vyv\u00edj\u00ed se jm\u00e9nem ministerstva spravedlnosti za vl\u00e1dy Sunaka. Anal\u00fdzy jsou zalo\u017eeny na osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u00edch tis\u00edc\u016f lid\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b ob\u011bt\u00ed a osob s du\u0161evn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, jak ukazuj\u00ed dokumenty zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed podle z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Co p\u0159esn\u011b se analyzuje?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se \u00fadaje od policie a proba\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, zejm\u00e9na z Greater Manchester. Zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Jm\u00e9no, datum narozen\u00ed, pohlav\u00ed, etnick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Policejn\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>V\u011bk p\u0159i prvn\u00edm kontaktu s polici\u00ed nebo v dob\u011b ob\u011bti (nap\u0159. dom\u00e1c\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje (du\u0161evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00e1vislost, pokusy o sebevra\u017edu, posti\u017een\u00ed)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>C\u00edl: odvodit z t\u011bchto informac\u00ed rizikov\u00fd profil, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, kdo se s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed stane pachatelem vra\u017edy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Kritika: rasismus, diskriminace, zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Organizace pro ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Statewatch<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0varuje p\u0159ed \u201emraziv\u00fdm a dystopick\u00fdm\u201c pl\u00e1nem. V\u011bdkyn\u011b Sofia Lyall kritizuje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;Tento model vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 data z na\u0161\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u011b rasistick\u00e9 policie. Pos\u00edl\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminaci a zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed se zejm\u00e9na na lidi z n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch nebo rasistick\u00fdch skupin.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b problematick\u00e9 je zahrnut\u00ed vysoce citliv\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch informac\u00ed, jako jsou du\u0161evn\u00ed choroby nebo sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o masivn\u00ed z\u00e1sah do soukrom\u00ed a nelze jej ospravedlnit \u2013 zejm\u00e9na ne v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nikdy nesp\u00e1chali trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Vl\u00e1da projekt h\u00e1j\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva spravedlnosti zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee projekt byl \u010dist\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd a jeho c\u00edlem bylo l\u00e9pe posoudit riziko recidivy mezi odsouzen\u00fdmi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;C\u00edlem je prozkoumat alternativn\u00ed metody hodnocen\u00ed rizik zalo\u017een\u00e9 na datech pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>C\u00edlem je prozkoumat, zda by dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje dat mohly zlep\u0161it st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed rizik ze strany v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fdch a proba\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. M\u011bla by n\u00e1sledovat ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Algoritmus jako soudce potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch pachatel\u016f?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Projekt mnoh\u00fdm p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sci-fi dystopie, jako je \u201eMinority Report\u201c, ve kter\u00e9 nejsou lid\u00e9 zat\u010deni za zlo\u010diny, kter\u00e9 sp\u00e1chali, ale za zlo\u010diny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed. I kdy\u017e britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jde v sou\u010dasnosti pouze o v\u00fdzkum, kritika je jasn\u00e1:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>algoritmus, kter\u00fd klasifikuje lidi jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vrahy, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd precedens.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Experti varuj\u00ed, \u017ee ti, kdo spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na \u201epreventivn\u00ed kontrolu\u201c, riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee podkopou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t \u2013 a zah\u00e1j\u00ed novou \u00e9ru digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a kulturu podez\u00edravosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2025\/apr\/08\/uk-creating-prediction-tool-to-identify-people-most-likely-to-kill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pracuje na vysoce kontroverzn\u00edm projektu p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed vra\u017ed \u2013 a p\u0159itahuje ostrou kritiku od&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":76126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,303,1205],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76125\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}