{"id":76113,"date":"2025-04-11T00:11:37","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T22:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=76113"},"modified":"2025-04-10T11:48:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T09:48:34","slug":"michael-warden-umela-inteligence-osvezujici-pravda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/11\/michael-warden-umela-inteligence-osvezujici-pravda\/","title":{"rendered":"Michael Warden: Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2013 osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed pravda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Je samotn\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence kone\u010dn\u00fdm hlubok\u00fdm podvodem?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zev tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku mohl b\u00fdt: \u201eCo se mi na AI l\u00edb\u00ed nejv\u00edc\u201c \u2013 a odpov\u011b\u010f by byla: L\u00edb\u00ed se mi, \u017ee je to up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b pojmenovan\u00e9. Um\u011ble. Nen\u00ed to skute\u010dn\u00e1 inteligence. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zde k\u00e1\u017eu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm, proto\u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd, s k\u00fdm mluv\u00edm \u2013 bez ohledu na v\u011bk nebo p\u016fvod \u2013 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee stroj nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed. P\u0159esto stoj\u00ed za to se na to pod\u00edvat hloub\u011bji \u2013 proto\u017ee AI je bezesporu velk\u00e9 t\u00e9ma a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt tomu, \u010d\u00edm se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me \u2013 a \u010d\u00edm se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed co z\u00edskat \u2013 p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm strachu nebo z\u00e1sadn\u011b misantropick\u00fdm postojem \u2013 nad\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed poselstv\u00ed, \u017ee \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010de budou brzy mnohem inteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lid\u00e9\u201c, \u017ee \u201emozek je jen po\u010d\u00edta\u010d z masa\u201c (jak \u0159ekl zesnul\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd v\u011bdec z MIT Marvin Minsky) nebo \u017ee AI zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu lidstva \u201ezastar\u00e1\u201c (Nosval Harari).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud poslouch\u00e1te medi\u00e1ln\u00ed humbuk, mo\u017en\u00e1 si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee \u201eexperti\u201c se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee stroje jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lid\u00e9 a jsou na cest\u011b k nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 inteligenci \u2013 dokonce i v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jsme tedy my, kte\u0159\u00ed pochybujeme o pravosti inteligence AI, ob\u011bt\u00ed iluze? Z\u0159ejm\u011b ne. Ve skute\u010dnosti m\u00e1me na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0159adu renomovan\u00fdch znaleck\u00fdch posudk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

ELIZA \u2013 prvn\u00ed \u201eAI\u201c<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ji\u017e v 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v\u011bdec z MIT Joseph Weizenbaum polo\u017eil\u00a0z\u00e1klad pro kritickou diskusi o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci svou prac\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Computer Power and Human Reason .<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V 60. letech Weizenbaum vyvinul program \u201eELIZA\u201c, kter\u00fd komunikoval s u\u017eivateli v roli psychoterapeuta. I kdy\u017e s\u00e1m nev\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee by stroje mohly nebo m\u011bly p\u0159evz\u00edt tuto roli, byl zd\u011b\u0161en m\u00edrou d\u016fv\u011bry, kterou lid\u00e9 vkl\u00e1dali do jeho v\u00fdtvoru. Tato zku\u0161enost ho p\u0159ivedla na dvouletou v\u00fdzkumnou cestu a nakonec k vyd\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 knihy, ve kter\u00e9 jasn\u011b \u0159ekl: lidsk\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a v\u011bdom\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed dimenze, kter\u00e9 v z\u00e1sad\u011b nejsou \u201evypo\u010d\u00edtateln\u00e9\u201c. \u201eAlgoritmy plus v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon\u201c nejsou tot\u00e9\u017e co \u201einteligence\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Reakce na ELIZA mi dramaticky uk\u00e1zala, jak siln\u011b m\u00e1 i vzd\u011blan\u00e9 publikum tendenci p\u0159ipisovat vlastnosti technologii, kterou ve skute\u010dnosti nevlastn\u00ed.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Toto je j\u00e1dro probl\u00e9mu: Nejde o to, zda je AI u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 \u2013 je. Dok\u00e1\u017ee napsat programov\u00fd k\u00f3d, navrhnout smlouvy, shrnout dlouh\u00e9 texty a vytvo\u0159it \u201ehlubok\u00e9 pad\u011blky\u201c. P\u0159i\u0161la z\u016fstat. Ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Jak moc je vlastn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed? A co od n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat?<\/span><\/p>\n

Mus\u00edme uznat, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 schopnosti se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od schopnost\u00ed stroj\u016f \u2013 a \u017ee, jak \u0159ekl Weizenbaum, \u201ene v\u0161echno, co um\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, by m\u011bl d\u011blat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00edsa\u0159ova nov\u00e1 mysl<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00edsa\u0159 nem\u00e1 \u0161aty<\/span><\/h3>\n

V roce 1989 publikoval Sir Roger Penrose svou pr\u00e1ci\u00a0<\/span>The Emperor’s New Mind<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. Jeho teze: St\u00e1le rozum\u00edme mozku a v\u011bdom\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo na to, abychom je dok\u00e1zali technicky replikovat. Jeho dva nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed argumenty:<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed se \u010dasto odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo jazyk, \u010d\u00edsla nebo symboly \u2013 nad r\u00e1mec toho, co by mohl po\u010d\u00edta\u010d zpracovat.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Mnoho z\u00e1blesk\u016f inspirace a kreativn\u00edch vhled\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00fdsledkem symbolick\u00e9 kalkulace, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee ukazuje na spojen\u00ed s \u201evy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi pravdami\u201c \u2013 nar\u00e1\u017ekou na Platon\u016fv sv\u011bt idej\u00ed. Stroje jsou z toho vylou\u010deny.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Spole\u010dnost v obraze stroje<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Stephen Talbott, b\u00fdval\u00fd redaktor O’Reilly, se zab\u00fdval\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edm dopadem po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 kultury v\u00a0<\/span>The Future Does Not Compute<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \u201ePo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 organizace se dok\u00e1\u017ee udr\u017eet sama \u2013 bez bd\u011bl\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu \u2013 s vnit\u0159n\u00ed logikou, kter\u00e9 sotva rozum\u00edme.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

    Talbottovo nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed: totalita m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu existovat bez dikt\u00e1tora. Syst\u00e9my se samy reguluj\u00ed \u2013 nepru\u017en\u00e9, nehum\u00e1nn\u00ed, byrokratick\u00e9 \u2013 a nikdo za to nenese odpov\u011bdnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Toto varov\u00e1n\u00ed je dnes aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy: dohled, standardizace, ztr\u00e1ta autonomie \u2013 a absurdity, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z nepru\u017en\u00fdch, nezpochybniteln\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

    AI jako zrcadlo<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Je ironi\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence: ukazuje n\u00e1m na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed odcizen\u00ed. D\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee kalkulace nen\u00ed kreativita \u2013 a \u017ee pokud budeme tento rozd\u00edl ignorovat, sami ch\u0159adneme. Talbott to vyj\u00e1d\u0159il takto:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201e[Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 technologie] je nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozv\u00e1nkou ke sp\u00e1nku, jakou jsme kdy dostali.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

    Ostrovy v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm proudu<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed svou smrt\u00ed v roce 2008 poskytl Weizenbaum rozhovor s n\u00e1zvem \u201eOstrovy\u00a0<\/span>v kybernetick\u00e9m proudu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 lid\u00ed, nikoli m\u00edst. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtaj\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat \u201elogickou nevyhnutelnost\u201c. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee kreativita nevznik\u00e1 z v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, \u017ee \u00fasudek je v\u00edc ne\u017e kalkul. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Takov\u00fdm ostrovem se stala Tulsi Gabbard, kdy\u017e se zasadila o pap\u00edrov\u00e9 volby v roce 2018. Rodi\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdm d\u011btem odp\u00edraj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 preferuj\u00edc\u00ed hotovostn\u00ed platby. Madridsk\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada zak\u00e1zala pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tablet\u016f na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Nebo Nicholas Carr, kter\u00fd uk\u00e1zal, jak internet ni\u010d\u00ed na\u0161i pozornost.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Weizenbaum v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee z ostrov\u016f se jednoho dne mohou st\u00e1t souostrov\u00ed a nakonec kontinenty.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pro\u010d na tom v\u0161em z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Ot\u00e1zka, zda stroje mohou myslet, je v\u00edce ne\u017e akademick\u00e1. Ur\u010duje na\u0161e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 od technologie i od n\u00e1s samotn\u00fdch. A tato o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed, zda sm\u011b\u0159ujeme ke sv\u011btu, ve kter\u00e9m lid\u00e9 dominuj\u00ed technologi\u00edm \u2013 nebo jsou jimi ovl\u00e1d\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n

    A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je term\u00edn \u201eum\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence\u201c tak up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd. Je to um\u011bl\u00e9 \u2013 a na to bychom nem\u011bli zapom\u00ednat. Zast\u00e1nci transhumanismu a miliardov\u00fdch zisk\u016f cht\u011bj\u00ed, abychom se stroj\u016f b\u00e1li \u2013 a pod\u0159\u00eddili se jim. Zm\u011bnili term\u00edn na \u201estrojov\u00e1 inteligence\u201c, proto\u017ee \u201eum\u011bl\u00e9\u201c zn\u011blo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b. Ale u\u017e je pozd\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ko\u010dka je venku z pytle.<\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u011bkujeme za p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed \u2013 pros\u00edm sd\u00edlejte, pokud v\u00e1m tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pomohl.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Je samotn\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence kone\u010dn\u00fdm hlubok\u00fdm podvodem? Alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zev tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku mohl b\u00fdt: \u201eCo se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,1503,2194],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76113\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}