{"id":75800,"date":"2025-04-07T00:22:48","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T22:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=75800"},"modified":"2025-04-06T17:51:56","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T15:51:56","slug":"pochody-smrti-zima-az-jaro-1945","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/07\/pochody-smrti-zima-az-jaro-1945\/","title":{"rendered":"Pochody smrti zima a\u017e jaro 1945"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Na\u0161im \u00fastav\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnuj\u00ed totalitn\u00edm re\u017eim\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm historick\u00fdm \u00fastav\u016fm, n\u011bjak unik\u00e1 toto t\u00e9ma a je velmi m\u00e1lo zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9, p\u0159itom pro pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed nacistick\u00e9 politiky kone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edm fenom\u00e9nem. Ze strany \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f je to t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 se nechce otev\u00edrat, a p\u0159esto je to oblast, kterou je t\u0159eba udr\u017eovat v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 pam\u011bti, aby se ji\u017e nikdy neopakovala.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak transporty smrti, tak v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch k\u0159e\u010d\u00edch nacizmu na pochodech smrti bylo c\u00edlem tyto masy sv\u011bdk\u016f \u2013 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f p\u0159ipravit o \u017eivot podchlazen\u00edm, zmrznut\u00edm vstoje v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00fdch vagonech, nezaji\u0161t\u011bnou stravou a bez pit\u00ed, a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm je dohnat k\u00a0\u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159i pochodech. To nebyla jen genocida \u017eid\u016f, to byla genocida p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Slovan\u016f a i jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. A za toto v\u0161e je nejzodpov\u011bdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobou s\u00e1m v\u016fdce Adolf Hitler, kter\u00fd je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti a potichu stav\u011bn do pozice jak\u00e9hosi hrdiny druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. O tomto tvrzen\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed hojn\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 literatura, za kterou \u010desk\u00e9 soudy netrestaj\u00ed jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed podporov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem jak transport\u016f smrti, tak pochod\u016f smrti bylo zahladit stopy po jejich existenci p\u0159ed vlastn\u00edm osvobozen\u00ed, a proto jejich trasy m\u00ed\u0159ily do vnit\u0159n\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed N\u011bmecka a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak do \u00fazem\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 kotliny, kter\u00e1 byla jako protektor\u00e1t sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, a z\u0159ejm\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo a stalo se, \u017ee to byla ta posledn\u00ed osvobozovan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to byla z\u00e1le\u017eitost Osv\u011btimi \u2013 Auschwitz, Auschwitz-Birkenau a Auschwitz-Monowitz a n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch pobo\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159epravy prob\u00edhaly po \u017eeleznici. T\u00edm, \u017ee byly zna\u010dn\u011b po\u0161kozov\u00e1ny (z\u00a0taktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f protihitlerovsk\u00e9 koalice) p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u011b a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed uzly, do\u0161lo na p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pochody. K\u00a0nim se p\u0159i\u0159azovaly i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed zajatci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u016fvodn\u011b nasazov\u00e1ni na pr\u00e1ce ve zbrojn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a v\u00a0dolech a obecn\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu ve Slezsku. Pochody proch\u00e1zely v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Moravou a v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi \u010cechami, p\u0159ich\u00e1zely z\u00a0Podkrkono\u0161\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 zbytky t\u011bchto pochod\u016f smrti do\u0161ly dokonce a\u017e do Rakouska.<\/p>\n

Jinou skupinu tvo\u0159ily evakua\u010dn\u00ed pochody ze z\u00e1padu a jihoz\u00e1padu z\u00a0koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Flossenb\u00fcrgu a jeho pobo\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f, Neurohlau (Nov\u00e1 Role) a Zwodau (Svatava).<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edmo typick\u00fd byl transport vlakem a\u017e pochod smrti, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme vysledovat z\u00a0oblasti z\u00a0Johanngeorgenstadtu veden\u00fd p\u0159es Horn\u00ed Blatnou a\u017e p\u0159es Pernink, Novou Roli, pak n\u00e1sledoval ji\u017e jen pochod, kter\u00fd pro\u0161el \u010derstv\u011b rozbombardovan\u00fdmi Karlov\u00fdmi Vary na Tepli\u010dku, And\u011blskou Horu, \u017dalmanov, do Bochova, d\u00e1le do Budova, na Vale\u010d, d\u00e1le p\u0159es Lubenec, Malm\u011b\u0159ice, na Blatno, p\u0159es Vele\u010d\u00edn do \u017dihle a je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b zbytky proch\u00e1zely Pastuchovicemi\u2026 Ti nacist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed je vedli a d\u011blali za pochodu tvrd\u00fd dozor \u2013 ti zmizeli.\u00a0Toto n\u00e1sil\u00ed a naprosto nelidsk\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed ze strany N\u011bmc\u016f u \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu eskalovalo v\u00a0nen\u00e1vist, kde pojem \u201enacizmus\u201c tehdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 spl\u00fdval s\u00a0pojmem \u201en\u011bmectv\u00ed\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak slo\u017eit\u00e1 trasa, bez konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho c\u00edlov\u00e9ho bodu byla pro naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f touto posledn\u00ed cestou. Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee kudy pochody pro\u0161ly, tudy po nich z\u016fst\u00e1valy jako nesmazateln\u00e9 stopy \u2013 hroby, v\u011bzni postupn\u011b po\u010detn\u011b ub\u00fdvali vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, ub\u00edjen\u00edm a zast\u0159elen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Tyto a podobn\u00e9 pochody smrti proch\u00e1zely dne\u0161n\u00edmi kraji Karlovarsk\u00fdm, \u00dasteck\u00fdm a Plze\u0148sk\u00fdm. Velitel\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f museli sm\u011bry pochod\u016f operativn\u011b m\u011bnit podle v\u00fdvoje situace na jednotliv\u00fdch front\u00e1ch i v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m vnitrozem\u00ed. Pochody byly vedeny zpravidla po vedlej\u0161\u00edch tras\u00e1ch komunikac\u00ed a cest \u2013 v\u00a0oblastech nevystaven\u00fdch mnoh\u00fdm zv\u011bdav\u00fdm o\u010d\u00edm.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem byl tvrd\u00fd po\u017eadavek, aby tito v\u011bzni \u2013 sv\u011bdci nacistick\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed, nep\u0159e\u0161li do rukou osvobozeneck\u00fdch arm\u00e1d. Kdy\u017e bylo nejh\u016f\u0159e \u2013 ozbrojen\u00fd doprovod se potichu vytratil a zb\u00edda\u010den\u00e9 davy v\u011bz\u0148\u016f byly ponech\u00e1ny napospas vlastn\u00edm osud\u016fm\u2026 Kudy pro\u0161ly tyto pochody, za nimi z\u016fst\u00e1valy skupinov\u00e9 a hromadn\u00e9 hroby, kter\u00e9 museli kopat ti v\u011bzni, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali na je\u0161t\u011b \u017eivu. Po osvobozen\u00ed byly tyto hroby postupn\u011b exhumov\u00e1ny, byly zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00famrt\u00ed, stopy po pr\u016fst\u0159elech lebky a jin\u00e1 smrteln\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed, a zem\u0159el\u00ed znovu d\u016fstojn\u011b poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni. Jen ob\u010das se dala zjistit identita t\u011bchto ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po t\u011bchto v\u0161ech ukrutnostech se na v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let stav\u011bly pam\u00e1tn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 byly pietn\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1ny je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 1989.\u00a0Ov\u0161em v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti z pot\u0159eby na tyto hr\u016fzy \u201erychle zapomenout\u201c jsou tato m\u00edsta bez \u00fadr\u017eby a zjevn\u011b opom\u00edjena stejn\u011b jako tyto ud\u00e1losti. Proto si uv\u011bdomme, \u017ee p\u0159ed rokem bylo kulat\u00e9 osmdes\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pro n\u00e1s potupn\u00e9ho protektor\u00e1tu jen m\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159ipomenuto, letos toto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed bylo d\u016fsledn\u011b p\u0159ekryto sou\u010dasnou epidemi\u00ed zcela. A tak se p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed historie do \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9ho obrazu v\u016f\u010di p\u016fvodn\u00edm skute\u010dnostem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ing. Jaroslav Bukovsk\u00fd,<\/em>\u00a0OV \u010cSBS Plze\u0148,<\/em>\u00a0\u010dlen VV \u00daV \u010cSBS<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na\u0161im \u00fastav\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnuj\u00ed totalitn\u00edm re\u017eim\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm historick\u00fdm \u00fastav\u016fm, n\u011bjak unik\u00e1 toto t\u00e9ma…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,8850,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75800"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75800\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}