{"id":75768,"date":"2025-04-07T00:11:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T22:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=75768"},"modified":"2025-04-06T16:40:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T14:40:34","slug":"vyroba-lithia-pro-premenu-energie-kontaminuje-vodu-a-zivotni-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/04\/07\/vyroba-lithia-pro-premenu-energie-kontaminuje-vodu-a-zivotni-prostredi\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdroba lithia pro \u201ep\u0159em\u011bnu energie\u201c kontaminuje vodu a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u011b\u017eba je \u010dasto spojena s ekologick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lithia, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba pro v\u00fdrobu bateri\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na pro elektromobily a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny \u2013 jsou dopady na z\u00e1soby sladk\u00e9 vody a kontaminace t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblast\u00ed toxick\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liemi extr\u00e9mn\u00ed. Klimatick\u00e9 \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed kontaminuje na\u0161i ji\u017e tak vz\u00e1cnou pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrifikace dopravy a v\u00fdstavba velk\u00fdch bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u010das\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u011btrn\u00fdch a sol\u00e1rn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren st\u00e1le v\u00edce poh\u00e1n\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po lithiu. T\u011b\u017eba a rafinace kovu v\u0161ak vede k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm negativn\u00edm dopad\u016fm na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba lithia v jihoamerick\u00e9m regionu Atacama p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny celkov\u00e9 spot\u0159eby vody v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/span><\/strong> Hovo\u0159\u00edme zde o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou milionech litr\u016f vody na tunu lithia v tradi\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Solanka bohat\u00e1 na lithium se \u010derp\u00e1 z podzem\u00ed a su\u0161\u00ed se v odpa\u0159ovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch. Levn\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces na vodu. Toto je tak\u00e9 proces, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry do atmosf\u00e9ry.\u00a0<\/span>Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra je nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdm plynem v na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, proto\u017ee pohlcuje infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 z povrchu Zem\u011b.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed produkce lithia v\u0161ak nebude sta\u010dit k realizaci pl\u00e1n\u016f klimatick\u00fdch fanatik\u016f na elektrifikaci glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dopravy v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech. V sou\u010dasnosti se produkce pohybuje kolem 185 000 tun ro\u010dn\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>Podle zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se v roce 2030 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fst na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 250 000 a\u017e 450 000 tun ro\u010dn\u011b. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentura pro obnovitelnou energii (IRENA) se\u00a0<\/span>ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na data Bloombergu a hovo\u0159\u00ed o 240 000 a\u017e 375 000 tun\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/span>Mluv\u00edme tedy o zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle IRENA dosahuj\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby lithia p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 milion\u016f tun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e celkov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby se odhaduj\u00ed a\u017e na 80 milion\u016f tun. Pokud z\u016fstane zp\u016fsob v\u00fdroby n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na vodu, bude to m\u00edt odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na vodn\u00ed bilanci t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblast\u00ed i na koncentraci vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed mikroklima.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie v\u011bdc\u016f z University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) upozor\u0148uje na dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my.\u00a0<\/span>V souladu s t\u00edm m\u00e1 Lithiov\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk k dispozici mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b sladk\u00e9 vody pro t\u011b\u017ebu lithia, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo \u2013 asi desetkr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 chybn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty byly provedeny v jin\u00fdch operac\u00edch extrakce lithia. \u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 modely v\u00fdrazn\u011b nadhodnocuj\u00ed odtok a dostupnost sladk\u00e9 vody, co\u017e vede k nep\u0159esn\u00e9 klasifikaci nedostatku vody,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a> (P\u0159\u00edtoky sladk\u00e9 vody do uzav\u0159en\u00fdch p\u00e1nv\u00ed Andsk\u00e9 n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161iny v Chile, Argentin\u011b a Bol\u00edvii), publikovan\u00fd minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Communications Earth & Environment.<\/span><\/p>\n

Problematick\u00e9 jsou ale i v\u0161echny toxiny, kter\u00e9 po odpa\u0159en\u00ed solanky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se ve vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010di region\u00e1ln\u00edho vodovodu a v\u00edtr je rozfouk\u00e1v\u00e1 do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>To, co se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 lidem jako \u201ezelen\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c, se nakonec uk\u00e1\u017ee jako dal\u0161\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi negativn\u00edmi m\u00edstn\u00edmi a region\u00e1ln\u00edmi dopady.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0A to v\u0161e pro ideologicky motivovan\u00fd \u201eenergetick\u00fd p\u0159echod\u201c, kter\u00fd o\u010dividn\u011b situaci jen zhor\u0161uje. A nemyslete si, \u017ee se to omezuje pouze na zem\u011b jako Chile, Austr\u00e1lie nebo \u010c\u00edna \u2013 projekty t\u011b\u017eby lithia se ji\u017e zkoumaj\u00ed v N\u011bmecku, Rakousku a dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u011b\u017eba je \u010dasto spojena s ekologick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lithia, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba pro v\u00fdrobu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75769,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[67,2230,2382],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75768"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75768"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75768\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}