{"id":75079,"date":"2025-03-27T04:51:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T03:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=75079"},"modified":"2025-03-27T04:51:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T03:51:20","slug":"temna-stranka-screeningu-rakoviny-prostaty-epidemie-nadmernych-diagnoz-a-nepotrebne-lecby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/27\/temna-stranka-screeningu-rakoviny-prostaty-epidemie-nadmernych-diagnoz-a-nepotrebne-lecby\/","title":{"rendered":"Temn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka screeningu rakoviny prostaty: Epidemie nadm\u011brn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z a nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee by v\u00e1m \u0159ekli, \u017ee m\u00e1te rakovinu, mus\u00edte podstoupit invazivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu a \u017e\u00edt s jej\u00edmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky. No a pozd\u011bji zjist\u00edte, \u017ee va\u0161e \u201erakovina\u201c by v\u00e1m nikdy nezp\u016fsobila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky ani neohrozila v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 je realita pro nespo\u010det mu\u017e\u016f s diagn\u00f3zou rakoviny prostaty, kte\u0159\u00ed se stali ob\u011b\u0165mi epidemie nadm\u011brn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z a nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Definice nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy a jej\u00ed pozad\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za je diagn\u00f3za stavu, kter\u00fd by b\u011bhem \u017eivota pacienta nezp\u016fsobil p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nebo smrt.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kontextu rakoviny prostaty doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3ze tehdy, kdy\u017e screeningov\u00e9 testy jako nap\u0159\u00edklad testov\u00e1n\u00ed prostatick\u00e9ho specifick\u00e9ho antigenu (PSA) zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed pomalu rostouc\u00ed, neagresivn\u00ed n\u00e1dory, kter\u00e9 by nikdy nedos\u00e1hly progrese a nezp\u016fsobily \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160irok\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed PSA na screening rakoviny prostaty vedlo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu diagn\u00f3z rakoviny prostaty. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto diagnostikovan\u00fdch rakovin jsou v\u0161ak sp\u00edc\u00ed a nezp\u016fsobily by symptomy ani smrt, pokud by z\u016fstaly neodhaleny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato nadm\u011brn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za vystavuje mu\u017ee zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm biopsi\u00edm, agresivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ovlivn\u00ed kvalitu jejich \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak \u010dast\u00e1 je nadm\u011brn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za<\/span><\/h2>\n

Studie pravideln\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy rakoviny prostaty jsou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled proveden\u00fd Ilicem a kolektivem zjistil, \u017ee screening PSA vedl k 50% n\u00e1r\u016fstu diagn\u00f3z rakoviny prostaty s odhadovanou m\u00edrou nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy 30 a\u017e 50%.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b i Evropsk\u00e1 randomizovan\u00e1 studie screeningu rakoviny prostaty (ERSPC) uvedla, \u017ee na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 1 000 mu\u017e\u016f bylo diagnostikov\u00e1no 34 extra p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny prostaty, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 zna\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3ze.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie Hugossona a spol. p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f G\u00f6teborgsk\u00e9 randomizovan\u00e9 popula\u010dn\u00ed screeningov\u00e9 studie rakoviny prostaty zjistila, \u017ee po 18 letech sledov\u00e1n\u00ed byl nadm\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt rakoviny prostaty ve screeningov\u00e9 skupin\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed skupinou 34 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na 1 000 mu\u017e\u016f, co\u017e poukazuje na v\u00fdznamnou \u00farove\u0148 nadm\u011brn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie screeningu rakoviny prostaty, plic, kolorekta a vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f (PLCO) od Pinsk\u00e9ho a kolektivu uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee po 13 letech sledov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo riziko diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed rakoviny prostaty o 12% vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ve screeningov\u00e9 skupin\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed skupinou a bez v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu v \u00famrtnosti na rakovinu pro.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modelov\u00e1 studie Etzioniho a kolektivu odhadla, \u017ee ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch byla m\u00edra nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagnostiky mezi screeningem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm karcinomem prostaty 23 a\u017e 42%, v z\u00e1vislosti na metod\u011b pou\u017eit\u00e9 na intenzit\u011b screeningu PSA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy rakoviny prostaty a pot\u0159ebu strategi\u00ed na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky nadm\u011brn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za \u010dasto vede k nadm\u011brn\u00e9, tedy nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, jeliko\u017e mnoz\u00ed mu\u017ei s ne\u010dinn\u00fdmi n\u00e1dory podstupuj\u00ed invazivn\u00ed postupy, jako jsou biopsie prostaty, chirurgick\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky nebo\u00a0<\/span>oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie ProtecT prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee biopsie, chirurgick\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky a radioterapie vedly k podobn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e \u00famrtnosti na rakovinu prostaty po 10 letech, co\u017e poukazuje na probl\u00e9m nadm\u011brn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba vystavuje mu\u017ee zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm rizik\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b inkontinence mo\u010di, erektiln\u00ed dysfunkce a st\u0159evn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alternativn\u00ed pohledy na zdrav\u00ed prostaty<\/span><\/h2>\n

Zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed medic\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k rakovin\u011b prostaty se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u010dasnou detekci a l\u00e9\u010dbu, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci a auto\u0159i navrhuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed pohledy na zdrav\u00ed prostaty a prevenci nemoc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eRegenerate: Unlocking Your Body’s Radical Resilience through the New Biology\u201c (Regeneruj: Odemkni radik\u00e1ln\u00ed odolnost sv\u00e9ho t\u011bla pomoc\u00ed nov\u00e9 biologie) zakladatel str\u00e1nky GreenMedInfo.com Sayer Ji p\u0159edstavuje jin\u00fd pohled na rakovinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V knize zkoum\u00e1 vrozenou schopnost lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla p\u0159edch\u00e1zet chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny a vyl\u00e9\u010dit se z nich.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje stovky v\u011bdeck\u00fdch odkaz\u016f, zpochyb\u0148uje konven\u010dn\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed rakoviny a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost holistick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdrav\u00ed a prevenci nemoc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete si tak\u00e9 prohl\u00e9dnout\u00a0<\/span>datab\u00e1zi rakoviny prostaty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na str\u00e1nce Greenmedinfo.com, kter\u00e1 obsahuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 studi\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d 400 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami relevantn\u00edmi pro abnormality tk\u00e1n\u011b prostaty, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b definuj\u00ed jako \u201erakovina\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Strategie ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro boj proti epidemii nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy rakoviny prostaty bylo navr\u017eeno n\u011bkolik strategi\u00ed. N\u00e1stroje pro stratifikaci rizika, jako jsou testy 4Kscore a Stockholm-3, mohou pomoci identifikovat mu\u017ee s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem agresivn\u00ed rakoviny prostaty, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 biopsie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho pou\u017eit\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed magnetickou rezonanc\u00ed (MRI) p\u0159ed biopsi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it detekci klinicky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch rakovin a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit diagn\u00f3zu neaktivn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktivn\u00ed dohled, kter\u00fd zahrnuje d\u016fkladn\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00edzkorizikov\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f nam\u00edsto okam\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby, se uk\u00e1zal jako sch\u016fdn\u00e1 mo\u017enost ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f nadm\u011brn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePozorn\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, jak se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, v kombinaci se zm\u011bnami stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstupy, v\u010detn\u011b detoxika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f, by mohlo v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s konven\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klinick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky a budouc\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00edlem n\u011bkolika prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch studi\u00ed je \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagnostiky rakoviny prostaty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie ProScreen ve Finsku a studie G\u00f6teborg-2 ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku hodnot\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost screeningu PSA v kombinaci s dal\u0161\u00edmi biomarkery a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 rezonance ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto studie spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad studie PROBASE v N\u011bmecku, poskytnou cenn\u00e9 poznatky o optimalizaci strategi\u00ed screeningu rakoviny prostaty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 diagnostika rakoviny prostaty nabyla rozm\u011br\u016f epidemie s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky na zdrav\u00ed a kvalitu \u017eivota mu\u017e\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nal\u00e9havou pot\u0159ebu zm\u011bny paradigmatu ve screeningu a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny prostaty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud budeme nad\u00e1le spol\u00e9hat na testov\u00e1n\u00ed PSA jako na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed screeningov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, podpo\u0159\u00edme epidemii nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagnostiky a vystav\u00edme nespo\u010det mu\u017e\u016f zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm medic\u00ednsk\u00fdm z\u00e1sah\u016fm a mo\u017en\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro zdravotnick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky, tv\u016frce politik a zast\u00e1nce pacient\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, aby spolupracovaly a kriticky hodnotily sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke screeningu rakoviny prostaty a hledaly alternativn\u00ed strategie, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed pohodu a informovan\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span>greenmedinfo.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee by v\u00e1m \u0159ekli, \u017ee m\u00e1te rakovinu, mus\u00edte podstoupit invazivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu a \u017e\u00edt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[677,1878,8780,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75079\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}