{"id":7482,"date":"2022-01-11T08:02:26","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T07:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=7482"},"modified":"2022-01-11T08:02:26","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T07:02:26","slug":"ne-vsechny-viry-jsou-protivne-nektere-dokonce-chrani-nase-zdravi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/01\/11\/ne-vsechny-viry-jsou-protivne-nektere-dokonce-chrani-nase-zdravi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ne v\u0161echny viry jsou protivn\u00e9 \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce chr\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Viry jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou agresivn\u00ed a naka\u017elivou povahou.\u00a0Na\u0161e vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se pozn\u00e1n\u00ed by v\u0161ak mohlo zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm l\u00e9\u010d\u00edme n\u011bkter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je pravda, v\u011bt\u0161ina vir\u016f m\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi hostiteli patogenn\u00ed vztah \u2013 co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed celou \u0159adu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, po\u010d\u00ednaje m\u00edrnou r\u00fdmou a\u017e po v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 stavy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd akutn\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00ed syndrom (SARS).<\/span><\/p>\n

Funguj\u00ed tak, \u017ee napadnou hostitelskou bu\u0148ku, p\u0159evezmou jej\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou ma\u0161in\u00e9rii a vylu\u010duj\u00ed nov\u00e9 virov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v infikov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch bun\u011bk a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

No ne v\u0161echny jsou \u0161patn\u00e9.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 viry dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti zab\u00edjet bakterie, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou bojovat proti nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vir\u016fm.\u00a0A tak podobn\u011b jako ochrann\u00e9 bakterie (probiotika), m\u00e1me v na\u0161em t\u011ble i n\u011bkolik ochrann\u00fdch vir\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Pozn\u00e1mka redakce: Existuje i teorie, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee viry jako takov\u00e9 neexistuj\u00ed a jde jen o takzvan\u00e9 exozomy, kter\u00e9 jsou produktem samotn\u00fdch bun\u011bk ur\u010den\u00e9 k mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 signalizaci. Tuto teorii v\u0161ak v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku rozeb\u00edrat nebudeme.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ochrann\u00e9 ‚f\u00e1gy‘<\/span><\/h2>\n

Bakteriof\u00e1gy (nebo tak\u00e9 \u201ef\u00e1gy\u201c) jsou viry, kter\u00e9 infikuj\u00ed a ni\u010d\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bakterie.\u00a0Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se ve sliznicov\u00e9 v\u00fdstelce tr\u00e1vic\u00edho, respira\u010dn\u00edho a reproduk\u010dn\u00edho traktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sliz je hust\u00e1, \u017eelatinu podobn\u00e1 hmota, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed fyzickou bari\u00e9ru proti \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00edm bakteri\u00edm a chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed naka\u017een\u00edm bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 jsou pod n\u00ed.\u00a0Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee f\u00e1gy p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 ve slize jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00edho lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u0159ed \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi bakteriemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00e1gy se ve skute\u010dnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sto let vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b dyzent\u00e9rie, sepse zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zlat\u00fdm stafylokokokm (\u00a0<\/span>Staphylococcus aureus<\/span><\/em>\u00a0)\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0salmonelov\u00fdch a ko\u017en\u00edch infekc\u00ed.\u00a0Z\u00e1jem op\u011bt p\u0159it\u00e1hli d\u00edky pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu infekc\u00ed, vzpurn\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno f\u00e1gy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017eily k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 infekce rezistentn\u00ed na antibiotika u teenagera ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00fd byl \u00fadajn\u011b na pokraji smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes se f\u00e1gy geneticky upravuj\u00ed.\u00a0Jednotliv\u00e9 kmeny f\u00e1g\u016f se testuj\u00ed proti c\u00edlov\u00fdm bakteri\u00edm a ty nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kmeny se purifikuj\u00ed do siln\u00e9 koncent\u00e1rie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ty se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed bu\u010f jako bakteriof\u00e1gov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby (koktejly), kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed jeden nebo v\u00edce kmen\u016f f\u00e1g\u016f a dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159it na \u0161irokou skupinu bakteri\u00ed, nebo jako p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 bakteriof\u00e1gy, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bakterie.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed l\u00e9\u010dbou se z naka\u017een\u00e9 oblasti pacienta provede v\u00fdt\u011br, ten se kultivuje v laborato\u0159i kv\u016fli ur\u010den\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edho kmene a testuje terapeutick\u00fdmi f\u00e1gov\u00fdmi koktejly.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dbu lze bezpe\u010dn\u011b pod\u00e1vat or\u00e1ln\u011b, aplikovat p\u0159\u00edmo na r\u00e1ny nebo bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ze, \u010di dokonce nat\u00edrat na infikovan\u00e9 povrchy.\u00a0Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed klinick\u00e9 testy intraven\u00f3zn\u00edho pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed f\u00e1g\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 virov\u00e9 infekce<\/span><\/h2>\n

V mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku jsou virov\u00e9 infekce d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje na\u0161ich imunitn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho je imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m st\u00e1le stimulov\u00e1n syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi viry v n\u00edzk\u00fdch hladin\u00e1ch, posta\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di dal\u0161\u00edm infekc\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 viry, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me, chr\u00e1n\u00ed lidi p\u0159ed naka\u017een\u00edm jin\u00fdmi patogenn\u00edmi viry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad latentn\u00ed (nesymptomatick\u00e9) viry herpesu mohou pom\u00e1hat p\u0159irozen\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm zabij\u00e1ck\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m (konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu druhu b\u00edl\u00fdch krvinek) identifikovat rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a bu\u0148ky infikovan\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi patogenn\u00edmi viry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyzbrojuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 zabij\u00e1ck\u00e9 bu\u0148ky antigeny (ciz\u00ed l\u00e1tkou, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee v t\u011ble vyvolat imunitn\u00ed reakci), co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed identifikovat n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

U vir\u016f zde jde jednak o taktiku p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, aby d\u00e9le vydr\u017eeli ve sv\u00e9m hostiteli, a tak\u00e9 aby se zbavili konkuren\u010dn\u00edch vir\u016f a zabr\u00e1nili jim hostitele po\u0161kodit.\u00a0V budoucnu by mohly b\u00fdt modifikovan\u00e9 verze takov\u00fdch vir\u016f potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vyu\u017eity k zac\u00edlen\u00ed na rakovinov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pegivirus C nebo tak\u00e9 GBV-C je virus, kter\u00fd nevyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 klinick\u00e9 symptomy.\u00a0N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed prok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pacienti s\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>HIV<\/span><\/a>\u00a0infikovan\u00ed GBV-C \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e9le ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pacienty j\u00edm neinfikovan\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Virus zpomaluje postup onemocn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee blokuje hostitelsk\u00e9 receptory, po\u017eadovan\u00e9 pro vstup viru do bu\u0148ky a podporuje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed virus detekuj\u00edc\u00edch interferon\u016f a cytokin\u016f (b\u00edlkovin vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch b\u00edl\u00fdmi krvinkami, kter\u00e9 aktivuj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed naka\u017een\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u010di patogen\u016f).<\/span><\/p>\n

V jin\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee noroviry chr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159eva my\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00fdm byla pod\u00e1v\u00e1na anitibiotika.\u00a0Po zabit\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed antibiotiky se my\u0161i staly n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 ke st\u0159evn\u00edm infekc\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

V nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti dobr\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed v\u0161ak byly tyto noroviry schopny chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 hostitele.<\/span><\/p>\n

Budoucnost l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch vir\u016f<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 technologie n\u00e1m umo\u017enila l\u00e9pe pochopit slo\u017eitosti mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch komunit, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee krom\u011b dobr\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 viry, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 ve st\u0159ev\u011b, k\u016f\u017ei a dokonce i krvi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to virov\u00e9 slo\u017eky je zat\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161inou jen v plenk\u00e1ch.\u00a0M\u00e1 v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pomoci n\u00e1m pochopit virov\u00e9 infekce a, co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jak bojovat s t\u011bmi \u0161patn\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mohlo by tak\u00e9 osv\u011btlit evoluci lidsk\u00e9ho genomu, genetick\u00fdch chorob a v\u00fdvoj genov\u00fdch terapi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autorka: Cynthia Mathewov\u00e1, Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span>theepochtimes.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Zpracoval: Badatel.net<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viry jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou agresivn\u00ed a naka\u017elivou povahou.\u00a0Na\u0161e vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se pozn\u00e1n\u00ed by v\u0161ak mohlo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[637,492,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}