{"id":74647,"date":"2025-03-21T04:30:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T03:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=74647"},"modified":"2025-03-21T04:30:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T03:30:46","slug":"uriel-araujo-norske-dodavky-zbrani-ukrajine-by-mohly-mit-vazny-dusledek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/21\/uriel-araujo-norske-dodavky-zbrani-ukrajine-by-mohly-mit-vazny-dusledek\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Norsk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b by mohly m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd d\u016fsledek"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Eskalac\u00ed sv\u00e9 role Norsko nevyhnuteln\u011b vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k rusk\u00e9 odvet\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9ho tlaku, nebo vojensk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed pod\u00e9l spole\u010dn\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 hranice. Velk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed zakotvuj\u00ed z\u00e1stupnou opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lku na \u00fakor ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f a evropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce Norsko zdvojn\u00e1sobilo sv\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pro Ukrajinu na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7,5 miliardy eur, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sobilo. Ve vz\u00e1cn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednoty s t\u00edm souhlasilo v\u0161ech dev\u011bt norsk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch stran v parlamentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsk\u00e1 firma Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace tak\u00e9 zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00fd podnik s ukrajinsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi na v\u00fdrobu raket syst\u00e9mu protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany NASAMS na Ukrajin\u011b,\u00a0<\/span>podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Eirika Lie (prezident Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace): „Mluv\u00edme o hromadn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b raket, to znamen\u00e1 stovk\u00e1ch. Uva\u017eujeme o zalo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch podnik\u016f b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto roku Rustem Umerov (ukrajinsk\u00fd ministr obrany) ozn\u00e1mil mo\u017enost integrace syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany sv\u00e9 zem\u011b s NASAMS. NASAMS,\u00a0<\/span>norsk\u00fd Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je pozemn\u00ed syst\u00e9m protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00edho dosahu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd proti vrtuln\u00edk\u016fm, bezpilotn\u00edm bojov\u00fdm vozidl\u016fm a letadl\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Jonas Gahr St\u00f8re tento krok podle pot\u0159eby obhajoval b\u011bhem toho, co popisuje jako \u201enejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b-politick\u00e1 situace od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee pro bal\u00ed\u010dek pomoci jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed mechanismy dohledu \u2013 takov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed s dopadem na rozpo\u010det jsou v\u017edy citliv\u00e1 a\u00a0<\/span>korup\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Ukrajiny je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokonce i Alina Hrytsenko, specialistka na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vztahy, kter\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e pro tisk EuroMaidan, se pt\u00e1: \u201ePro\u010d by Norsko \u2013 bohat\u00fd, stabiln\u00ed seversk\u00fd n\u00e1rod \u2013 v\u011bnovalo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch 7,83 miliardy dolar\u016f na obranu Ukrajiny? Odpov\u011b\u010f podle n\u00ed souvis\u00ed s Arktidou. V\u0161e, co bych dodal, m\u00e1 hodn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0<\/span>roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edve, s p\u0159istoupen\u00edm \u0160v\u00e9dska a Finska se teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed dosah NATO roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il a\u017e na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo rusk\u00e9 Arktidy (Bering\u016fv pr\u016fliv), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se Rusko stalo jedin\u00fdm ne\u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem NATO v Arktid\u011b. O rostouc\u00edm geopolitick\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed v Arktid\u011b p\u00ed\u0161u\u00a0<\/span>od roku 2021<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finsko a Estonsko pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed blok\u00e1du Finsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu proti rusk\u00e9 lodn\u00ed doprav\u011b a aktivita NATO v Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i je na vzestupu. Nav\u00edc Bidenovy \u00fazemn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1roky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 od Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu\u00a0<\/span>po Arktidu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b Trumpovy hrozby t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se\u00a0<\/span>Gr\u00f3nska<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 to v\u0161e zapad\u00e1 do stejn\u00e9 agendy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 hodn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0<\/span>nerostn\u00fdmi surovinami<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a tak\u00e9 s navigac\u00ed (tato oblast je extr\u00e9mn\u011b strategick\u00e1), stejn\u011b jako s \u201ezadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c Ruska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsk\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed dodat Ukrajin\u011b bojeschopn\u00e9 zbran\u011b znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou eskalaci jej\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e1 ji pevn\u011b spojila s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed geopolitickou agendou NATO roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u201eobkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed\u201c Ruska. Tento posun, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b koncipovan\u00fd jako humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed podpora n\u00e1rodu v oble\u017een\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje kritick\u00e9 prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Norsk\u00e1 politika odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho zapleten\u00ed s expanzivn\u00edmi ambicemi NATO, \u010d\u00edm\u017e podn\u011bcuje\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1stupnou americkou opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti Moskv\u011b \u2013 i kdy\u017e samotn\u00e1 Amerika ustupuje z v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9ho divadla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukrajinsk\u00fd konflikt, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00edm rokem, byl cynicky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci jako opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lka proti Moskv\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e norsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky zesilovaly rizika \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed konfrontace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od \u00fanora 2022 Norsko postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uje svou vojenskou pomoc. Oslo, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku opatrn\u00e9, p\u0159e\u0161lo od poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed nesmrt\u00edc\u00ed pomoci k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed sofistikovan\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, protitankov\u00fdch st\u0159el a nyn\u00ed se hovo\u0159\u00ed o pokro\u010dil\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento kl\u00ed\u010d odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed strategii NATO pod veden\u00edm USA, kde jsou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyv\u00edjeny tlak, aby podpo\u0159ily v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed Ukrajiny pod rou\u0161kou obrany demokratick\u00fdch hodnot. Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v\u0161ak zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 znepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realitu: Ukrajina se stala boji\u0161t\u011bm pro vleklou opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lku \u0159\u00edzenou Washingtonem ve snaze vy\u010derpat moskevsk\u00e9 zdroje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v ne\u00fanavn\u00e9m roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO na v\u00fdchod, co\u017e je proces, kter\u00fd ji\u017e dlouho vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 rusk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obavy. Navzdory uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let, \u017ee NATO nezas\u00e1hne za znovusjednocen\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, aliance pohltila b\u00fdval\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a \u010dleny Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila se k rusk\u00fdm hranic\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukrajina, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010dlenem NATO, se dvo\u0159ila jako strategick\u00fd partner a sliby o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m \u010dlenstv\u00ed se k\u00fdvaly jako mrkev (to je\u00a0<\/span>jedna z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho konfliktu). Tento expanzivn\u00ed z\u00e1pal, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd americk\u00fdmi geopolitick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy, ve skute\u010dnosti destabilizoval region, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vyvrcholil sou\u010dasnou v\u00e1lkou. Norsko, zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlen NATO, tak bylo vta\u017eeno do t\u00e9to dynamiky a opustilo svou historickou preferenci zdr\u017eenlivosti ve prosp\u011bch aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u016fst NATO zvy\u0161uje nap\u011bt\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v citliv\u00fdch oblastech, jako je Arktida, kde Norsko sd\u00edl\u00ed hranici s Ruskem. Vyzbrojen\u00edm Ukrajiny Norsko nejen podporuje tuto strategii obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 riskuje rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho dvorku, kde rusk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost byla historicky protiv\u00e1hou severn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstava Ukrajiny jako z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nen\u00ed pouhou domn\u011bnkou. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nalily do ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy miliardy, p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky evropsk\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, jako je Norsko. Tato nerovnov\u00e1ha nazna\u010duje z\u00e1m\u011brnou americkou strategii: pokusit se vykrv\u00e1cet Rusko bez nasazen\u00ed americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edt Ukrajinu jako figurku na jedno pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsk\u00e9 z\u00e1silky zbran\u00ed \u2013 a\u010d v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro n\u00e1rod jeho velikosti \u2013 zapadaj\u00ed do tohoto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 st\u0159ela nebo d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd kus vyslan\u00fd do Kyjeva prodlu\u017euje konflikt, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je rozdrtit rusk\u00e9 s\u00edly a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u010derpat vlastn\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 a materi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervy. Tato opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lka prosp\u00edv\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9mu c\u00edli Washingtonu oslabit konkuren\u010dn\u00ed mocnost (nemluv\u011b o\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e9m obrann\u00e9m sektoru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), ale ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 Ukrajinu rozbit\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a Evropu, v\u010detn\u011b Norska, vystavenou dopad\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

K t\u00e9to ba\u017ein\u011b se p\u0159idal Trump, kter\u00fd signalizoval posun v politice a rozhodl se\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159en\u00e9st \u201eb\u0159emeno\u201c Ukrajiny na Evropu,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zat\u00edmco USA soust\u0159ed\u00ed sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, aby \u010delily \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee tento man\u00e9vr chyt\u00ed Evropu do pasti podobn\u00e9 americk\u00e9mu Vietnamu \u2013 prodlou\u017een\u00fd, nevyhrateln\u00fd konflikt, kter\u00fd vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 zdroje a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsko a jeho evrop\u0161t\u00ed soused\u00e9, ji\u017e tak napjat\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdmi tlaky a dom\u00e1c\u00ed nespokojenost\u00ed, riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee zd\u011bd\u00ed v\u00e1lku, kterou nemohou udr\u017eet. Kdy\u017e USA ustoup\u00ed, Evropa se m\u016f\u017ee ocitnout v patov\u00e9 situaci, kdy Ukrajinou bude jej\u00edm albatrosem, zat\u00edmco odolnost Ruska nezajist\u00ed jasn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Tento posun nejen\u017ee odhaluje vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozbit\u00ed NATO, ale m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 prom\u011bnit Evropu v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b konfliktu, kter\u00fd neza\u017eehla, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161ilo riziko jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norsk\u00e1 politika nav\u00edc vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 praktick\u00e9 obavy. Zbran\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k boji, jakmile jsou dod\u00e1ny, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 sledovat, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje riziko zneu\u017eit\u00ed k nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm akt\u00e9r\u016fm \u2013 probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se NATO sna\u017eilo \u0159e\u0161it v minul\u00fdch z\u00e1saz\u00edch. Norsko nav\u00edc eskalac\u00ed sv\u00e9 role nevyhnuteln\u011b vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k rusk\u00e9 odvet\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9ho tlaku nebo vojensk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed pod\u00e9l spole\u010dn\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 hranice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moskva ji\u017e dala najevo svou nelibost zv\u00fd\u0161enou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed aktivitou v bl\u00edzkosti norsk\u00fdch vod a r\u00e9torikou r\u00e1muj\u00edc\u00ed akce NATO jako existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozby. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nor\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci se nenechali odradit, mo\u017en\u00e1 je povzbudil pakt o kolektivn\u00ed obran\u011b NATO, ale tato spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na alian\u010dn\u00ed solidaritu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jednotu, kter\u00e1 se rozpadla pod nap\u011bt\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00e9 krize.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abych to shrnul, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 pomoc Norska Ukrajin\u011b je symptomem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch selh\u00e1n\u00ed NATO. Zav\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1stupnou opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lku, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed americk\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm na \u00fakor ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f a evropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD,<\/a> antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Eskalac\u00ed sv\u00e9 role Norsko nevyhnuteln\u011b vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k rusk\u00e9 odvet\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9ho tlaku, nebo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":74648,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,853,26,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74647"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74647"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74647\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}