{"id":74612,"date":"2025-03-21T00:21:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T23:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=74612"},"modified":"2025-03-20T12:38:59","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T11:38:59","slug":"temna-stranka-rostlinnych-oleju-co-skryva-potravinarsky-prumysl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/21\/temna-stranka-rostlinnych-oleju-co-skryva-potravinarsky-prumysl\/","title":{"rendered":"Temn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f: Co skr\u00fdv\u00e1 potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Jak \u0161kodliv\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 oleje pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed? Pro\u010d se oleje, kter\u00e9 se p\u016fvodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako nepo\u017eivateln\u00e1 strojn\u00ed maziva, nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako potraviny? Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 jm\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f spot\u0159ebitel\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Debata o rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch se v posledn\u00edch letech zintenzivnila. To, co bylo kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zdravou alternativu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f, je nyn\u00ed pod kritick\u00fdm zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bdc\u016f a odborn\u00edk\u016f na v\u00fd\u017eivu. Pravda za t\u011bmito v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi produkty je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a znepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se mnoz\u00ed domn\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd p\u016fvod modern\u00edch rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\n

Historie pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v kuchyni, ale v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Cate Shanahanov\u00e1, l\u00e9ka\u0159ka a v\u011bdkyn\u011b vystudovan\u00e1 na Cornell,\u00a0<\/span>to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 stru\u010dn\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: „Surov\u00fd olej z t\u011bchto semen je nepo\u017eivateln\u00fd. S\u00f3ja a \u0159epka nebyly vy\u0161lecht\u011bny pro potraviny – byly vyvinuty pro vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy a pr\u016fmyslovou trvanlivost.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b objevn\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o p\u016fvodu \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje, kter\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u011b slou\u017eil jako strojn\u00ed mazivo, dokud jej kanad\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci v 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed neupravili, aby odstranil toxick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny. Dokonce i n\u00e1zev \u201eCanola\u201c \u2013 kombinace \u201eKanada\u201c a \u201eropa\u201c \u2013 je marketingov\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zakr\u00fdt sv\u016fj pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto olej\u016f je v\u0161echno, jen ne p\u0159irozen\u00e9. V\u00fdrobci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k extrakci maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed oleje rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla, jako je hexan. Oleje jsou pot\u00e9 rafinov\u00e1ny, b\u011bleny a deodorizov\u00e1ny \u2013 proces, kter\u00fd jim vyslou\u017eil n\u00e1zev \u201eoleje RBD\u201c. Tato \u00faprava je \u010din\u00ed bez chuti a d\u00e9le vydr\u017e\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 odstra\u0148uje cenn\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, jako je vitam\u00edn E a antioxidanty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skryt\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v na\u0161\u00ed strav\u011b<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00a0<\/span>rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v na\u0161\u00ed strav\u011b nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, ale v\u00fdsledek c\u00edlen\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky. Vl\u00e1da USA \u2013 stejn\u011b jako Evropsk\u00e1 unie a r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u2013 dotuj\u00ed plodiny, jako jsou s\u00f3jov\u00e9 boby, kuku\u0159ice a bavln\u00edkov\u00e1 semena, miliardami, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jsou jejich oleje v\u00fdrazn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e alternativy, jako je olivov\u00fd nebo avok\u00e1dov\u00fd olej.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f3ja dominuje trhu a tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 90 procent produkce olejn\u00fdch semen v USA. Jen v roce 2016 z\u00edskal s\u00f3jov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl na dotac\u00edch 1,6 miliardy dolar\u016f. Tato vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podpora udr\u017euje vysokou produkci a n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shanahan odhaduje, \u017ee rostlinn\u00e9 oleje tvo\u0159\u00ed 20\u201330 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho denn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu kalori\u00ed Ameri\u010dana \u2013 co\u017e je ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 objevila anal\u00fdzou dat o v\u00fdrob\u011b za des\u00edtky let. „Lid\u00e9 nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nekonzumovali polynenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny v tomto m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku,“ varuje. „Historicky byly diety zalo\u017eeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuc\u00edch, nikoli na olej\u00edch bohat\u00fdch na PUFA.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m oxidace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f je jejich\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1chylnost k oxidaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. I kdy\u017e je rafinace \u010din\u00ed odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di zka\u017een\u00ed, jejich chemick\u00e1 struktura se za\u010dne rozpadat, kdy\u017e jsou vystaveny teplu, vzduchu nebo sv\u011btlu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem va\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch olej\u016f, jako je olivov\u00fd nebo sezamov\u00fd olej, kter\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b obsahuj\u00ed antioxidanty, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 oleje tyto stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed slou\u010deniny b\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k oxidaci, co\u017e je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vznikaj\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty, jako jsou aldehydy a voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly. Tyto slou\u010deniny mohou po\u0161kozovat bu\u0148ky, podporovat z\u00e1n\u011bty a p\u0159isp\u00edvat k chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee opakovan\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v restaura\u010dn\u00edch sma\u017eic\u00edch \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee produkovat oxida\u010dn\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty, kter\u00e9 jsou spojov\u00e1ny s po\u0161kozen\u00edm tk\u00e1n\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi hladinami cholesterolu u laboratorn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy tak\u00e9 objevily oxidovanou kyselinu linolovou, degradovanou formu omega-6 tuku, v lidsk\u00e9 tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni a arteri\u00e1ln\u00edch pl\u00e1tech, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obavy z dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00ed s vysoce zpracovan\u00fdmi potravinami<\/span><\/h3>\n

Rostlinn\u00e9 oleje spolu s rafinovan\u00fdmi obilovinami a p\u0159idan\u00fdm cukrem tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad modern\u00edch zpracovan\u00fdch potravin, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 procent americk\u00e9 stravy. V Evrop\u011b se tento pod\u00edl pohybuje kolem 27 procent \u2013 \u200b\u200bs velk\u00fdmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi rozd\u00edly. Zat\u00edmco v Portugalsku, It\u00e1lii a Rumunsku tvo\u0159\u00ed jen kolem 14 procent, ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku je to 44 procent a ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii dokonce polovina. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed textury, prodlou\u017een\u00ed trvanlivosti a vylep\u0161en\u00ed chuti za n\u00edzkou cenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena olej\u016f ze semen, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vysoce kvalitn\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 oleje. Pro v\u00fdrobce potravin, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, je volba jasn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Christopher Gardner, profesor v\u00fd\u017eivy na Stanfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed jen v rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch. N\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben t\u00edm, \u017ee by si v\u00edce lid\u00ed p\u0159ipravovalo dom\u00e1c\u00ed sal\u00e1tov\u00e9 dresinky, ale t\u00edm, \u017ee vysoce zpracovan\u00e9 potraviny \u2013 kter\u00e9 tyto oleje ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u2013 nyn\u00ed dominuj\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku v mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nam\u00edsto toho, abychom se soust\u0159edili pouze na eliminaci rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f, odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159i dom\u00e1c\u00edm va\u0159en\u00ed omezit vysoce zpracovan\u00e1 j\u00eddla a volit kvalitn\u00ed stabiln\u00ed tuky. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 kuchyni l\u00e9pe vybrat, odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat stabiln\u00ed, minim\u00e1ln\u011b zpracovan\u00e9 oleje, kter\u00e9 jsou m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k oxidaci:<\/span><\/p>\n

Lep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti va\u0159en\u00ed:<\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Avok\u00e1do: Bohat\u00e9 na mononenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, stabiln\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Extra panensk\u00fd olivov\u00fd olej: Bohat\u00fd na antioxidanty, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro podl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo lehk\u00e9 va\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1slo a gh\u00ed: P\u0159irozen\u011b stabiln\u00ed pro va\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Kokos: Bohat\u00fd na nasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di oxidaci<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Oleje, kter\u00e9 se nejl\u00e9pe pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed za studena:<\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • Ln\u011bn\u00fd olej: Bohat\u00fd na omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, nejlep\u0161\u00ed na z\u00e1livky<\/span><\/li>\n
    • O\u0159ech: Bohat\u00fd na antioxidanty, chutn\u00fd v sal\u00e1tech<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Sezam: Aromatick\u00fd a st\u0159edn\u011b tepeln\u011b stabiln\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Pr\u016fmyslov\u011b rafinovan\u00e9 oleje, kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout:<\/span><\/h4>\n
        \n
      • S\u00f3ja, kuku\u0159ice, \u0159epka, bavln\u00edk, slune\u010dnice, sv\u011btlice barv\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1, hroznov\u00e1 semena a r\u00fd\u017eov\u00e9 otruby.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Debata o rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch zdaleka nekon\u010d\u00ed, ale jedno je jasn\u00e9: z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je, jak je konzumujete. Pokap\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje na dom\u00e1c\u00edm sal\u00e1tu nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e jako sn\u00edst hranolky sma\u017een\u00e9 ve star\u00e9m restaura\u010dn\u00edm oleji. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je spol\u00e9hat se na vysoce zpracovan\u00e9 potraviny pln\u00e9 levn\u00fdch olej\u016f, cukru a p\u0159\u00edsad.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek, nestarat se o ka\u017edou kapku rostlinn\u00e9ho oleje, ale j\u00edst v\u00edce \u010derstv\u00fdch, nezpracovan\u00fdch potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Jak \u0161kodliv\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 oleje pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed? Pro\u010d se oleje, kter\u00e9 se p\u016fvodn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":74613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[358,7827,6534,8733,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74612"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74612\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}