{"id":74047,"date":"2025-03-13T00:16:55","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T23:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=74047"},"modified":"2025-03-12T15:58:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T14:58:30","slug":"javier-milei-prohlubuje-dluhovou-past-argentiny-u-mmf-nouzovou-pujckou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/13\/javier-milei-prohlubuje-dluhovou-past-argentiny-u-mmf-nouzovou-pujckou\/","title":{"rendered":"Javier Milei prohlubuje dluhovou past Argentiny u MMF \u201enouzovou\u201c p\u016fj\u010dkou"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><span>Argentinsk\u00fd libertari\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei, podporovan\u00fd USA, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu k tomu, aby si vzal obrovskou p\u016fj\u010dku od MMF, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prohloubil dluhovou past, kter\u00e1 zdevastovala jeho zemi, a podn\u00edtil vysokou inflaci.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc1cb23f-b7b3-409e-ba37-e84c679ade98_1920x1080.jpeg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"386\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Libertari\u00e1nsk\u00fd argentinsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei a jeho sestra a n\u00e1\u010delnice gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Karina se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed se sv\u00fdm \u0161\u00e9fem, americk\u00fdm prezidentem Donaldem Trumpem (Credit: B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm foto)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Argentinsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei je samozvan\u00fd libertari\u00e1n a \u201eanarchokapitalista\u201c, kter\u00fd svou zemi zcela pod\u0159\u00eddil Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku Zpr\u00e1va o geopolitick\u00e9 ekonomice uk\u00e1zala, jak je argentinsk\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e1 ekonomika v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 krizi za Milei. 53 % populace \u017eije v chudob\u011b a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a stavebn\u00ed sektory se hrout\u00ed kv\u016fli rychl\u00e9 deindustrializaci. Akciov\u00fd trh v\u0161ak zaznamenal boom a obohatil oligarchick\u00e9 podporovatele Milei \u2013 i kdy\u017e i finan\u010dn\u00ed sektor dostal r\u00e1nu pot\u00e9, co Milei propagoval kryptografick\u00fd podvod, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l tis\u00edce jeho vlastn\u00edch podporovatel\u016f miliony dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tato zpr\u00e1va se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 jin\u00fdm, ale souvisej\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9matem: jak Milei prohlubuje dluhovou past Argentiny u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho fondu (MMF), kter\u00fd je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Javier Milei ni\u010d\u00ed argentinskou ekonomiku a d\u011bl\u00e1 z n\u00ed surovinovou kolonii pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed oligarchy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/i3qgYZMYkj0?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span>Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Mileiov\u00fdch slib\u016f, kter\u00e9 opakovan\u011b opakoval, bylo, \u017ee nebude zvy\u0161ovat st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V b\u0159eznu Milei tento slib poru\u0161il a ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee vyd\u00e1 nouzov\u00fd v\u00fdnos, aby po\u017e\u00e1dal o p\u016fj\u010dku od MMF. P\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka nebyla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, ale m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u00e9dia ji odhadovala na 10 a\u017e 20 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>MMF m\u00e1 v Argentin\u011b a Latinsk\u00e9 Americe obecn\u011b pov\u011bstnou historii jako n\u00e1stroj z\u00e1padn\u00ed politick\u00e9 moci, kter\u00fd uvalil na d\u0159\u00edve kolonizovan\u00e9 n\u00e1rody brut\u00e1ln\u00ed neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasporn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Jeho agresivn\u00ed \u201epolitika struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn\u201c p\u0159isp\u011bla ke \u201eztracen\u00e9 dek\u00e1d\u011b\u201c hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize a stagnace v 80. letech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 jsou jedinou zem\u00ed s pr\u00e1vem veta v MMF. Gener\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159editelem fondu byl v\u017edy Evropan (zat\u00edmco Sv\u011btovou banku v\u017edy vede ob\u010dan USA).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V Latinsk\u00e9 Americe je MMF \u0161iroce vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako symbol neokolonialismu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159esto\u017ee se Milei cynicky prezentuje jako \u201epopulista\u201c, kter\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b zpochyb\u0148uje zavedenou politickou t\u0159\u00eddu, jeho z\u00e1chrann\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek MMF zt\u011bles\u0148uje, jak pokra\u010duje ve stejn\u00e9 star\u00e9 neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed politice pravicov\u00fdch elitn\u00edch prezident\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00edm byli.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F199b5524-dc7b-4376-ac20-232eac9cbbd4_1140x641.jpeg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"381\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Argentinsk\u00fd libertari\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei a jeho sestra a n\u00e1\u010delnice gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Karina se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z\u00e1stupci MMF na Sv\u011btov\u00e9m ekonomick\u00e9m f\u00f3ru v Davosu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Po desetilet\u00ed byla Argentina uv\u011bzn\u011bna v nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9 dluhov\u00e9 spir\u00e1le, kter\u00e1 sleduje stejn\u00fd vzorec:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Zkorumpovan\u00ed pravicov\u00ed politici se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed k moci a berou si masivn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky od MMF, aby pos\u00edlili m\u011bnu a stabilizovali ekonomiku (a usnadnili \u00fanik kapit\u00e1lu pro sv\u00e9 superbohat\u00e9 oligarchy).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Argentina je tak uv\u011bzn\u011bna v dluhov\u00e9 pasti nesplatiteln\u00e9ho dluhu a jej\u00ed devizov\u00e9 rezervy se vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00ed, dokud jihoamerick\u00fd n\u00e1rod p\u0159estane m\u00edt dostatek dolar\u016f na obsluhu dluhu, co\u017e vede k vysok\u00e9 inflaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Inflace ni\u010d\u00ed kupn\u00ed s\u00edlu d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy (proto\u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00ed Argentinci jsou placeni v pesos, zat\u00edmco bohat\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed v americk\u00fdch dolarech), tak\u017ee lid\u00e9 vol\u00ed levicovou vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed splatit dluh MMF, jak to v roce 2006 ud\u011blal progresivn\u00ed peronistick\u00fd prezident N\u00e9stor Kirchner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Kirchner \u0159ekl, \u017ee dluh MMF \u201evedl k vylou\u010den\u00ed, chudob\u011b, b\u00edd\u011b a zni\u010den\u00ed na\u0161eho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2da8f38-c123-4cc4-bb16-a60a33e25290_1280x720.jpeg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"656\" height=\"369\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Protestn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v Argentin\u011b proti MMF. Transparent a tri\u010dka hl\u00e1saly \u201eNe MMF\u201c a \u201enen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00fd dluh\u201c.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Kirchner sn\u00ed\u017eil zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluh Argentiny z 68,5 % HDP v roce 2004 na 21,8 % v roce 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Od prosince 2007 do prosince 2015 ji nahradila levicov\u00e1 prezidentka Argentiny Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner (CFK). Ost\u0159e tak\u00e9 odm\u00edtla neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed MMF.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Za CFK zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluh Argentiny nad\u00e1le klesal a po jej\u00edm odchodu z \u00fa\u0159adu dos\u00e1hl 13,9 % HDP.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf argentinsk\u00e9ho ministerstva hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed ukazuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh v procentech HDP. Zelen\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra p\u0159edstavuje zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluh, \u010derven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra p\u0159edstavuje vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dluh v\u016f\u010di soukrom\u00fdm v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm a modr\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra p\u0159edstavuje hrub\u00fd vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dluh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb9d0b3f1-5ad7-4201-ac63-431cb0477c49_1392x966.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"667\" height=\"463\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Navzdory nepodlo\u017een\u00fdm konzervativn\u00edm tvrzen\u00edm o \u00fadajn\u00e9 marnotratnosti argentinsk\u00e9 levice byla ekonomika zem\u011b velmi zdrav\u00e1 a dluh byl za levicov\u00fdch Kirchnerov\u00fdch vl\u00e1d zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V\u011bci se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnily, kdy\u017e se v prosinci 2015 dostal k moci pravicov\u00fd multimilion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd oligarcha prezident Mauricio Macri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh dluh\u016f MMF se opakoval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Za Macriho oligarchick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy vylet\u011bl argentinsk\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluh z 13,9 % HDP v roce 2015 na 43,3 % v roce 2019, kdy ode\u0161el z \u00fa\u0159adu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Inflace tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostla za Macriho, z 26,6 % v roce 2015 na 49,2 % v roce 2019, a to i p\u0159es jeho zaveden\u00ed tvrd\u00fdch \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, \u0161krt\u016f v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fddaj\u00edch a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dan\u00ed pro pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osoby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jak se bl\u00ed\u017eily volby, Macriho souhlas ke konci roku 2018 klesl na 26,8 % kv\u016fli rostouc\u00ed inflaci, chudob\u011b a nerovnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da proto zas\u00e1hla a vm\u011b\u0161ovala se do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Argentiny, aby pomohla Macrimu vyhr\u00e1t volby v roce 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159ipustil to p\u0159edn\u00ed latinskoamerick\u00fd poradce Donalda Trumpa Mauricio Claver-Carone. V roce 2020 odhalil, \u017ee Trumpova administrativa na\u0159\u00eddila MMF, aby poru\u0161il sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed omezen\u00ed a poskytl Macrimu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dku ve sv\u00e9 historii, 57 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ekonomov\u00e9 MMF v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee Argentina nebude schopna tento dluh splatit, a \u017ee je proto opovr\u017een\u00edhodn\u00fd. Ale rozhodnut\u00ed bylo politick\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pomohlo, \u017ee americk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem v MMF byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b Trump\u016fv poradce pro Latinskou Ameriku Claver-Carone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pravicov\u00e9, oligarchick\u00e9 argentinsk\u00e9 m\u00e9dium Infobae, kter\u00e9 podporovalo Macriho, p\u0159ipustilo, \u017ee \u0161lo o \u201epolitick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed\u201c. Trump vyu\u017eil MMF k zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do argentinsk\u00fdch voleb v roce 2019. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm cht\u011bl, aby Macri z\u016fstal u moci, aby jihoamerick\u00e1 zem\u011b mohla pomoci Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm v jejich pokusu o pu\u010d proti venezuelsk\u00e9mu socialistick\u00e9mu prezidentovi Nicol\u00e1si Madurovi, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v \u00fanoru 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1bf8f689-35c6-4dd7-9e3b-658a1bab73da_1920x1080.jpeg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Donald Trump s argentinsk\u00fdm pravicov\u00fdm prezidentem Mauriciem Macrim<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Co se stalo s obrovskou sumou pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 Macriho vl\u00e1da obdr\u017eela od MMF? Dodnes to z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverzn\u00ed t\u00e9ma, o kter\u00e9m se v Argentin\u011b \u017eiv\u011b diskutuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pen\u011bz byla jednodu\u0161e pou\u017eita k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed \u00faniku kapit\u00e1lu ze strany argentinsk\u00fdch oligarch\u016f, co\u017e je poru\u0161en\u00ed deklarovan\u00fdch sm\u011brnic MMF.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Za Macriho se odliv kapit\u00e1lu ztrojn\u00e1sobil a podle centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky (BCRA) dos\u00e1hl v letech 2015 a\u017e 2019 v\u00edce ne\u017e 86 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. Pouh\u00fdch 100 bohat\u00fdch jednotlivc\u016f a spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159evedlo ze zem\u011b 24,7 miliardy dolar\u016f (28,7 %) a 1 % argentinsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed bylo zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za 41,1 miliardy dolar\u016f neboli 47,8 % \u00faniku kapit\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Navzdory pomoci Washingtonu byl Macri z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed a prohr\u00e1l volby v roce 2019. Obrovsk\u00fd dluh MMF v\u0161ak sv\u00e1zal ruce st\u0159edolev\u00e9ho prezidenta Alberta Fern\u00e1ndeze, kter\u00fd volby v roce 2019 vyhr\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Fern\u00e1ndez byl od za\u010d\u00e1tku v podstat\u011b prezidentem v pohotovosti. Navzdory odm\u00edtnut\u00ed posledn\u00ed tran\u0161e Macriho p\u016fj\u010dky MMF ve v\u00fd\u0161i 11 miliard dolar\u016f byla Argentina ji\u017e uv\u011bzn\u011bna v dluhu, kter\u00fd nemohla splatit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po n\u00e1stupu Fern\u00e1ndeze do \u00fa\u0159adu v prosinci 2019 zas\u00e1hla sv\u011bt pandemie Covid-19, kter\u00e1 jen prohloubila ekonomick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee Argentiny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Do roku 2022 zemi nezbyly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dolary na obsluhu zahrani\u010dn\u00edho dluhu a jej\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 devizov\u00e9 rezervy byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 z\u00e1porn\u00e9 (jak uk\u00e1zal ekonom Brad Setser). To byl jeden z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu inflace, kter\u00e1 se letos za\u010dala vymykat kontrole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Argentina byla na pokraji platebn\u00ed neschopnosti, a tak v roce 2023 zas\u00e1hla \u010c\u00edna a nab\u00eddla swapovou linku v renminbi (zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako j\u00fcan), kterou Argentina pou\u017e\u00edvala k platb\u00e1m MMF.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0dc03d1a-6850-4db9-af74-bc9757bdb81a_1422x1033.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"654\" height=\"475\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Viceprezidentkou Alberta Fern\u00e1ndeze byla b\u00fdval\u00e1 prezidentka Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner (CFK), kter\u00e1 v roce 2021 ve\u0159ejn\u011b prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee p\u016fj\u010dka od MMF, kterou si vzala Macri, je nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00fd dluh a nelze jej splatit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 2023 CFK prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee dluh MMF \u201eje hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem dne\u0161n\u00ed Argentinsk\u00e9 republiky\u201c. Pot\u00e9 zd\u016fraznila: &#8222;To jsme nezavinili.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Argentina dlu\u017e\u00ed MMF mnohem v\u00edce dluh\u016f ne\u017e kter\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 zem\u011b. Argentina m\u00e1 nesplacen\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky ve v\u00fd\u0161i 41 miliard USD, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje 28 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho dluhu v\u016f\u010di fondu. (Podle posledn\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f MMF z b\u0159ezna 2025 to st\u00e1le plat\u00ed.)<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70ca3328-d9cb-4b90-8226-dc72098a449c_847x845.jpeg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"622\" height=\"621\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Pr\u00e1v\u011b inflace zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 t\u00edmto dluhem MMF p\u0159ivedla k moci krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9ho libertari\u00e1na Javiera Mileie. Vyu\u017eil hn\u011bvu nad argentinskou ekonomickou kriz\u00ed a nab\u00eddl zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: sn\u00ed\u017eit vl\u00e1dn\u00ed v\u00fddaje na maximum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Milei tak\u00e9 sl\u00edbil, \u017ee zru\u0161\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banku a zavede americk\u00fd dolar jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu, a\u010dkoli ani jedno z opat\u0159en\u00ed nikdy nezavedl. (Rozvojov\u00fd ekonom Ha-joon Chang ozna\u010dil Mileiovy n\u00e1vrhy za \u201e\u0161\u00edlen\u00e9\u201c a varoval, \u017ee kdy\u017e se Argentina vzd\u00e1 sv\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 suverenity a p\u0159ijme dolar, stane se \u201ekoloni\u00ed\u201c Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nyn\u00ed Milei ustupuje od dal\u0161\u00edho slibu \u2013 od sv\u00e9ho slibu, \u017ee nikdy nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh \u2013 a bere si novou p\u016fj\u010dku od MMF. Milei tak pokra\u010duje ve stejn\u00e9m cyklu dluhov\u00e9 pasti sv\u00fdch pravicov\u00fdch p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil pr\u00e1v\u011b ekonomickou krizi, kter\u00e1 tohoto \u201eanarchokapitalistick\u00e9ho\u201c o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ku katapultovala z politick\u00e9ho okraje do r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9ho prezidentsk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Plus \u00e7a zm\u011bna, plus c&#8217;est la m\u00eame si vybral<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0(R\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010dasy, stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my\u00a0<\/span><em><span>).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_webp%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F445fd6a7-8105-4903-8e5d-a5ef66db5bd6_470x313.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Argentinsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei v \u201eanarchokapitalistick\u00e9m\u201c (ancap) kost\u00fdmu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span>B\u00fdval\u00e1 prezidentka Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner odsuzuje p\u016fj\u010dku Javiera Mileie od MMF<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>V reakci na ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, \u017ee Milei po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 MMF o p\u016fj\u010dku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 a\u017e 20 miliard dolar\u016f, zve\u0159ejnila b\u00fdval\u00e1 levicov\u00e1 prezidentka Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner (CFK) na Twitteru podrobn\u00e9 odsouzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201eV\u00e1\u0161 experiment s rakouskou \u0161kolou se v\u00e1m nezda\u0159il, top\u00edte se pro nedostatek dolar\u016f a H\u00c1Z\u00cdTE DO RU\u010cN\u00cdKU \u017d\u00c1DOST\u00cd MMF O P\u016eJ\u010cKU,\u201c napsala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>N\u00ed\u017ee je anglick\u00fd p\u0159eklad p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku CFK z 9. b\u0159ezna 2025 (velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena byla v origin\u00e1le):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Ahoj Milei! NAKONEC UD\u011aLALI TOT\u00c9\u017d JAKO MACRI.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>V\u00e1\u0161 experiment s rakouskou \u0161kolou selhal, pad\u00e1te, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1te dost dolar\u016f, a VYH\u00c1Z\u00cdTE RU\u010cN\u00cdK \u017d\u00c1DOUC\u00cdM MMF O P\u016eJ\u010cKU.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem \u010detl \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd jste v\u010dera publikovali v La Naci\u00f3n, ve kter\u00e9m se sna\u017e\u00edte vysv\u011btlit nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9: \u017ee budete \u017e\u00e1dat MMF o miliardy dolar\u016f, ani\u017e byste si vytvo\u0159ili nov\u00fd dluh, proto\u017ee tyto dolary pou\u017eijete na splacen\u00ed nep\u0159evoditeln\u00fdch dluhopis\u016f, kter\u00e9 ministerstvo financ\u00ed dlu\u017e\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bance. TO N\u00c1M V\u00c1\u017dN\u011a \u0158\u00cdK\u00c1TE, \u017dE DOSTANETE MILIARDY DOLAR\u016e A \u017dE ARGENTINA NEBUDE M\u00cdT VY\u0160\u0160\u00cd ZAHRANI\u010cN\u00cd DLUH? Oh, no tak! To je tot\u00e9\u017e, co ud\u011blal Macri, kdy\u017e \u0159ekl, \u017ee si p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed dolary na pokryt\u00ed deficitu pesa, a [ministr hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed] Toto Caputo nakonec po\u017e\u00e1dal MMF o 57 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Tak\u017ee PRO V\u00c1S, \u201eexpert na r\u016fst s pen\u011bzi nebo bez nich\u201c, JE NEP\u0158EVODITELN\u00dd DLUH MEZI MINISTERSTVEM FINANC\u00cd A CENTR\u00c1LN\u00cd BANKOVOU (CO\u017d JE VNIT\u0158N\u00cd DLUHOV\u00dd VZTAH) \u2013 kter\u00fd je nevymahateln\u00fd, nem\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotu, m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farokovou sazbu a tak\u00e9 podl\u00e9h\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed legislativ\u011b \u2013 TOHLE JE ROVNOM\u011aRN\u00c9 HOSPOD\u00c1\u0158STV\u00cd , m\u00e1 \u00farokovou sazbu plus p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eky kolem 7 %, nenab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a pod\u0159izuje zemi zahrani\u010dn\u00ed legislativ\u011b a zahrani\u010dn\u00edm soudc\u016fm?<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>A&#8230; nebyl jste to vy, kdo cht\u011bl zav\u0159\u00edt centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banku, proto\u017ee to byl \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zlod\u011bj, jak\u00fd kdy Argentina m\u011bla\u201c? A TE\u010e SE UK\u00c1\u017dE, \u017dE JSTE \u017d\u00c1DALI MMF O P\u016eJ\u010cKU NA \u201ePOS\u00cdLEN\u00cd\u201c JEHO ROZVAHY? Nem\u016f\u017eu tomu uv\u011b\u0159it!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>P\u0158ESTA\u0147 L\u017dEM LIDEM, MILEI&#8230; Nikdo ti u\u017e nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed. VE FAKTU TAK ZOUFALN\u011a POT\u0158EBUJ\u00cd DOLAROV\u00c9 PEN\u00cdZE, \u017ee se chystaj\u00ed ud\u011blat pro zemi hroznou dohodu v\u00fdm\u011bnou jednoho zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9ho \u201elevn\u00e9ho dluhu\u201c za jin\u00fd, dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u201edluh\u201c, co\u017e tak\u00e9 stav\u00ed Argentinu pod neust\u00e1l\u00e9 vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed: v\u00fdm\u011bnu \u201ebarevn\u00fdch mal\u00fdch pap\u00edrk\u016f\u201c (jak n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed pokladni\u010dn\u00ed pouk\u00e1zky) za tvrd\u00fd dluh v dolarech od MMF. A v\u00edte v\u0161echno o t\u011bchto \u201ebarevn\u00fdch mal\u00fdch pap\u00edrech\u201c, proto\u017ee loni jste vy, Toto Caputo a [Santiago] Bausilli, [prezident] Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky Argentinsk\u00e9 republiky (BCRA), odepsali miliardy dolar\u016f v nep\u0159evoditeln\u00fdch dluhopisech, jako by to nic nebylo.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Krut\u00e1 pravda je, \u017ee jste si ji\u017e d\u00e1vno uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee MANTRA [Miltona Friedmana], kterou neust\u00e1le opakujete&#8230; \u201eINFLACE JE V\u017dDY A V\u0160UDE M\u011aNOV\u00ddM JEVEM ZP\u016eSOBEN\u00ddM NADM\u011aRN\u00ddM P\u0158\u00cdSOBEM PEN\u011aZ\u201c \u2013 co\u017e jste znovu zopakovali v \u00favodu sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku v La Naci\u00f3n \u2013 JE NEPRAVDA. JEDIN\u00c1 STRATEGIE, KTEROU V BOJI S INFLAC\u00cd POU\u017d\u00cdVAJ\u00cd, JE UDR\u017dOVAT OFICI\u00c1LN\u00cd CENU DOLARU UM\u011aLE N\u00cdZKOU A SPALOVAT MILIARDY DOLAR\u016e K KONTROLE FINAN\u010cN\u00cdCH SM\u011aNN\u00ddCH KURZ\u016e a zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fstu kurzov\u00e9 mezery a s n\u00ed i cen. Je to velmi z\u0159ejm\u00e9, Milei.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>OT\u00c1ZKA MILIONU DOLAR\u016e: Co bude MMF po\u017eadovat ohledn\u011b sm\u011bnn\u00e9ho kurzu? DEVALVACE \u2013 P\u0158ED VOLBAMI NEBO PO VOLB\u00c1CH?<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>PS: Jo a je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco. P\u0159esta\u0148te opakovat le\u017e, \u017ee jste prvn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou v historii, kter\u00e1 hospoda\u0159ila s p\u0159ebytkem a p\u0159itom spl\u00e1cela dluh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>N\u00c9STOR KIRCHNER ZAPLATIL V\u0160ECHNY DLUHY MMF V ROCE 2005 a v t\u00e9m\u017ee roce PROVEDIL PRVN\u00cd PLATBU NA BODEN 12 [BOND] (vyd\u00e1n v roce 2002, aby od\u0161kodnil st\u0159adatele, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li o sv\u00e9 dolarov\u00e9 vklady u bank b\u011bhem kolapsu re\u017eimu sm\u011bnitelnosti), a pokra\u010doval v platb\u00e1ch a v ZA 2000 RESTRUKTUROVAN\u00dd DLUH (S NEJNI\u017d\u0160\u00cdM NOMIN\u00c1LN\u00cdM A \u00daROKOV\u00ddM \u00daROVN\u00cdM V HISTORII) A KUPONY V\u00e1zan\u00e9 na HDP, V\u0160E S P\u0158EBYTEKEM. A\u0165 se ti to l\u00edb\u00ed nebo ne, Milei, SPLATILI JSME ARGENTININ DLUH JAKO \u017d\u00c1DN\u00dd JIN\u00dd A PO\u010c\u00cdTALI JSME DO TOHO LID\u00c9. Pokud tomu nev\u011b\u0159\u00edte, zeptejte se [Nicol\u00e1se] Dujovneho, kter\u00fd byl ministrem v Macriho vl\u00e1d\u011b spolu s Toto Caputo.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>A v\u00edte co? Od schv\u00e1len\u00ed z\u00e1kona S\u00e1enz-Pe\u00f1a JSME JEDIN\u00c1 POLITICK\u00c1 S\u00cdLA ZVOLENA REFERENDEM K DOKON\u010cEN\u00cd T\u0158I N\u00c1SLEDUJ\u00cdC\u00cdCH OBDOB\u00cd VE VL\u00c1D\u011a (2003-2015)&#8230; a co v\u00edc, v ka\u017ed\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch jsme z\u00edskali v\u00edce hlas\u016f.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span>TO VY A VA\u0160E SESTRA NIKDY NEZA\u017dIJETE.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Autor: Ben Norton<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopoliticaleconomy.substack.com\/p\/javier-milei-argentina-imf-debt-trap-loan?utm_source=post-email-title&amp;publication_id=457596&amp;post_id=158752827&amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;isFreemail=true&amp;r=pf6gr&amp;triedRedirect=true&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Argentinsk\u00fd libertari\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Javier Milei, podporovan\u00fd USA, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu k tomu, aby si vzal&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[756,59,165],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74047"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}