{"id":73953,"date":"2025-03-10T00:17:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T23:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=73953"},"modified":"2025-03-09T14:26:33","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T13:26:33","slug":"strasbursky-soud-ignoruje-polskou-ustavu-a-pozaduje-pravni-uznani-souziti-osob-stejneho-pohlavi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/10\/strasbursky-soud-ignoruje-polskou-ustavu-a-pozaduje-pravni-uznani-souziti-osob-stejneho-pohlavi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160trasbursk\u00fd soud ignoruje polskou \u00fastavu a po\u017eaduje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u017eit\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

\u201eToto je t\u0159et\u00ed rozsudek, ve kter\u00e9m ESLP uvedl, \u017ee Polsko je povinno poskytnout p\u00e1r\u016fm stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec k formalizaci jejich sou\u017eit\u00ed,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 institut Ordo Iuris<\/span><\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (ESLP) vyhov\u011bl st\u00ed\u017enostem p\u00e1r\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, kter\u00fdm polsk\u00fd matri\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad odep\u0159el potvrzen\u00ed o tom, \u017ee v zahrani\u010d\u00ed nebr\u00e1n\u00ed s\u0148atku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u0159et\u00ed rozsudek, ve kter\u00e9m ESLP uvedl, \u017ee Polsko je povinno poskytnout p\u00e1r\u016fm stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro formalizaci jejich sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Institut Ordo Iuris p\u0159edlo\u017eil v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stru\u010dn\u00fd amicus curiae, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech v souvislosti s rodinn\u00fdm \u017eivotem p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 pouze na svazku mu\u017ee a \u017eeny.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Podle sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce \u00famluva vy\u017eaduje, aby Polsko provedlo rozsudek ESLP. Polsk\u00e1 \u00fastava v\u0161ak v\u00fdslovn\u011b zakazuje institucionalizaci sou\u017eit\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed a jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kon zem\u011b m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad se t\u00fdkal dvou p\u00e1r\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pokusily z\u00edskat potvrzen\u00ed od polsk\u00e9ho matri\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee ve \u0160pan\u011blsku neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pro jejich man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Polsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo omezuje man\u017eelstv\u00ed na svazek mezi mu\u017eem a \u017eenou, zat\u00edmco \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo umo\u017e\u0148uje man\u017eelstv\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. Polsk\u00fd matri\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad (USC) odm\u00edtl osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech vydat s odkazem na rozpor s polsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, kter\u00e9 neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 svazky osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. Oba p\u00e1ry napadly rozhodnut\u00ed USC u polsk\u00fdch soud\u016f, ale jejich odvol\u00e1n\u00ed byla zam\u00edtnuta.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2015 podali Tomasz Szypu\u0142a (bez sv\u00e9 partnerky) a Jakub Urbanik s Jos\u00e9 Luisem Alonsem st\u00ed\u017enost k ESLP, v n\u00ed\u017e tvrdili, \u017ee Polsko poru\u0161ilo jejich pr\u00e1vo na respektov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho a rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 8 Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech. St\u011b\u017eovatel\u00e9 nam\u00edtali, \u017ee jejich neschopnost formalizovat vztahy je p\u0159ipravila o r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, jako je \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 z d\u016fvodu p\u00e9\u010de o nemocn\u00e9ho partnera, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na partnera, po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod (nap\u0159. osvobozen\u00ed od dan\u011b d\u011bdick\u00e9 a darovac\u00ed \u010di spole\u010dn\u00e9ho zdan\u011bn\u00ed) a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed bez nutnosti z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed ESLP zas\u00e1hl Institut Ordo Iuris jako \u201ep\u0159\u00edtel soudu\u201c. Ordo Iuris ve sv\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed tvrdil, \u017ee definice rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota podle \u00damluvy je zalo\u017eena na svazku mu\u017ee a \u017eeny a \u017ee z n\u00ed nelze odvodit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u201epr\u00e1vo\u201c p\u0159edefinovat rodinn\u00e9 struktury tak, aby zahrnovaly p\u00e1ry stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. Ordo Iuris d\u00e1le tvrdil, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by si m\u011bly ponechat autonomii p\u0159i regulaci sou\u017eit\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed a \u017ee by Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr nem\u011bl v t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti ukl\u00e1dat jednotn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soud v\u0161ak rozhodl, \u017ee Polsko poru\u0161ilo \u010dl\u00e1nek 8 \u00damluvy s argumentem, \u017ee \u201eponechalo st\u011b\u017eovatele v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm vakuu\u201c t\u00edm, \u017ee \u201eneuznalo a ochr\u00e1nilo p\u00e1ry stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed ve stabiln\u00edch a oddan\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch\u201c. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed je t\u0159et\u00ed instanc\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 ESLP shledal, \u017ee Polsko poru\u0161ilo \u010dl\u00e1nek 8 za to, \u017ee neupravovalo pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed p\u00e1r\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, po\u00a0 rozsudku\u00a0<\/span>Przybyszewska<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0v roce 2023 a\u00a0 rozsudku\u00a0<\/span>ve Formele<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0v roce 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teoreticky je Polsko povinno dodr\u017eovat tato rozhodnut\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro p\u00e1ry stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. To v\u0161ak nutn\u011b neznamen\u00e1 zaveden\u00ed \u201eman\u017eelstv\u00ed\u201c osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no jak polsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, tak polskou \u00fastavou. Podle anal\u00fdzy Institutu Ordo Iuris z pohledu ESLP by tato rozhodnut\u00ed \u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011bry signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u00damluvy \u2013 m\u011bla b\u00fdt implementov\u00e1na institucionalizac\u00ed sou\u017eit\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed v r\u00e1mci rodinn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, tj. mo\u017enost\u00ed uzav\u0159\u00edt s\u0148atek s p\u00e1ry stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed nebo vytvo\u0159en\u00edm samostatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kategorie, jako je ob\u010dansk\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Institut Ordo Iuris v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznil alternativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup: zaveden\u00ed\u00a0 pr\u00e1vn\u00edch ustanoven\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>ex lege,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0kter\u00e1 p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 praktick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va p\u00e1r\u016fm stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed ve specifick\u00fdch aspektech ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Mezi n\u011b by mohlo pat\u0159it pr\u00e1vo na zdravotn\u00ed informace o partnerovi bez pln\u00e9 moci, mo\u017enost d\u011bdit bez z\u00e1v\u011bti nebo pr\u00e1vo na dovolenou k p\u00e9\u010di o partnera.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZm\u011bna stalet\u00e9 definice man\u017eelstv\u00ed nebo institucionalizace sou\u017eit\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b jeho slu\u010ditelnosti s \u010dl\u00e1nkem 18 polsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy, kter\u00fd na\u0159izuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu man\u017eelstv\u00ed jako svazku mu\u017ee a \u017eeny. Toto \u00fastavn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed bylo v pr\u00e1vn\u00ed doktr\u00edn\u011b a judikatu\u0159e dlouho vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed alternativn\u00edch instituc\u00ed rodinn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Patryk Ignaszczak z Centra mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va Ordo Iuris.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozsudek ESLP:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Szypu\u0142a a dal\u0161\u00ed proti Polsku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, 27. \u00fanora 2025<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eToto je t\u0159et\u00ed rozsudek, ve kter\u00e9m ESLP uvedl, \u017ee Polsko je povinno poskytnout p\u00e1r\u016fm stejn\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[206,71,31,324],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73953"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73953\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}