{"id":73848,"date":"2025-03-08T00:16:07","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T23:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=73848"},"modified":"2025-03-07T16:19:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T15:19:16","slug":"zdenek-jemelik-volby-a-starost-o-pravni-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/08\/zdenek-jemelik-volby-a-starost-o-pravni-prostredi\/","title":{"rendered":"Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk: Volby a starost o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed kampa\u0148 snad \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch voleb do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny neprob\u00edhala v tak ru\u0161n\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako ta leto\u0161n\u00ed. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se to v pestrosti n\u00e1m\u011bt\u016f a slib\u016f, jimi\u017e se p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch stran sna\u017e\u00ed uhranout voli\u010de n\u00e1davkem k zaujet\u00ed \u201epovinn\u00fdch\u201c stanovisek k \u00fa\u010delnosti setrv\u00e1n\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9 unii a NATO, Grean Dealu, v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee V\u011bci\u00a0 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u0161ly kdysi do voleb s propracovan\u00fdm programem n\u00e1pravy pom\u011br\u016f v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Strana zmizela v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a s n\u00ed i program. Trochu jin\u00fd osud stihl pe\u010dliv\u011b propracovan\u00fd program Hnut\u00ed ANO p\u0159i prvn\u00edch v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se po vynucen\u00e9 resignaci ministryn\u011b Heleny V\u00e1lkov\u00e9 na program zapomn\u011blo, ale na jeho \u00farovni to nic nem\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nic podobn\u00e9ho se v sou\u010dasnosti ned\u011bje. Zdrav\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je nejm\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako \u010distota ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vod. Ale v p\u0159edvolebn\u00edch vystoupen\u00edch politik\u016f se starost o n\u011b neprojevuje: p\u016fsob\u00ed to dojmem, \u017ee podle jejich \u00fasudku je v tomto ohledu u n\u00e1s v\u0161e v naprost\u00e9m po\u0159\u00e1dku, nen\u00ed co zlep\u0161ovat. Dle m\u00e9ho laick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru to je d\u016fsledek masivn\u00edho podlehnut\u00ed \u201ev\u011brchu\u0161ky\u201c papal\u00e1\u0161stv\u00ed: tr\u00e1pen\u00ed \u201emal\u00fdch\u201c lid\u00ed si politici nev\u0161\u00edmaj\u00ed, pop\u0159. z\u00e1jem pouze p\u0159edst\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b poznatk\u016f z praxe \u201ejusti\u010dn\u00edho pot\u00ed\u017eisty\u201c v oblasti p\u00e9\u010de o zdrav\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed vid\u00edm mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f, volaj\u00edc\u00edch po n\u00e1prav\u011b. Z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou v\u00fdsledkem romantismu p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu od p\u0159edlistopadov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f k p\u0159\u00edstup\u016fm st\u00e1tu, usiluj\u00edc\u00edho o demokracii a nastolen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Soudnictv\u00ed se vymanilo z pod\u0159\u00edzenosti sekretari\u00e1t\u016fm vedouc\u00ed strany KS\u010c z, ale jeho nez\u00e1vislost mnoz\u00ed soudci vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako nad\u0159azenost nad ostatn\u00ed slo\u017eky st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u011bchto dnech se to projevilo v p\u0159\u00edstupu k jistot\u011b plat\u016f: zat\u00edmco p\u0159edsedov\u00e9 soud\u016f podpisuj\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o platech bez opory v z\u00e1kon\u011b, ostatn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen z\u00e1lohy na plat. Daleko hor\u0161\u00ed je ale v\u00edra, \u017ee nez\u00e1vislost s sebou nese neodpov\u011bdnost za \u0161patn\u00e9 procesn\u00ed postupy, tedy beztrestnost vadn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. K\u00e1rn\u00e9 \u017ealoby ministra spravedlnosti- nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho \u017ealobce- soudci vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako z\u00e1sah do jejich nez\u00e1vislosti. V\u00fdsledek se projevuje v dramatick\u00e9m zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f st\u00e1tu na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u011b veden\u00fdch proces\u016f. P\u016fvodci vad, za kter\u00e9 st\u00e1t mus\u00ed od\u0161kod\u0148ovat, se na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed nepod\u00edlej\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161inou pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdkonu pravomoci i nad\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

\u010casto doch\u00e1zelo k \u201evylit\u00ed vani\u010dky i s d\u00edt\u011btem\u201c. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z obavy z obnoven\u00ed moci gener\u00e1ln\u00edho prokur\u00e1tora vzniklo st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e struktura \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytla\u010duje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce do postaven\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e sm\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jen prost\u0159edky nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eky p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm\u00a0 ani nedos\u00e1hne: jeho p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi jsou pouze zam\u011bstnanci Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed a dva vrchn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci.<\/p>\n

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Vnit\u0159n\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed a \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed struktura st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed kop\u00edruje opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce tak nem\u016f\u017ee ru\u010dit za jednotn\u00fd v\u00fdkon trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed republiky, proto\u017ee skute\u010dnou v\u00fdkonnou moc maj\u00ed\u00a0 vrchn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b pravomoc gener\u00e1ln\u00edho dohledu nad z\u00e1konnost\u00ed v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, spojen\u00e1 s pravomoc\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enosti pro poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona, p\u0159e\u0161la jako v\u00fdsadn\u00ed pravomoc na ministra spravedlnosti,\u00a0 jemu\u017e m\u00e1 ministerstvo slou\u017eit jako servis bez vlastn\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci. Ministerstvo nem\u00e1 ale p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou person\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacitu, tak\u017ee\u00a0 p\u0159ezkum spis\u016f ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mus\u00ed zadat st\u00e1tn\u00edmu zastupitelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed je zral\u00e9 na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed reformu. Po n\u00e1stupu do funkce se o ni pokusil nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce Pavel Zeman, jen\u017e se sna\u017eil prosadit nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00ed. \u00da\u010dinnost st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed jako org\u00e1nu vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va by se reformou zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Bylo ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed o to nest\u00e1li a pokus o reformu zadusili v z\u00e1rodku. Se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti let se poda\u0159ilo prosadit aspo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00e9 prvky z p\u016fvodn\u00edho z\u00e1m\u011bru.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto m\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed ne\u017e jeho kolegov\u00e9 nap\u0159. ve Spolkov\u00e9 republice N\u011bmecko nebo ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. Odvolat ho m\u016f\u017ee na n\u00e1vrh ministra spravedlnosti pouze vl\u00e1da, a to za z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. V obou v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1tech si s jeho odvol\u00e1n\u00edm prakticky porad\u00ed bez ud\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fvodu ministr spravedlnosti (form\u00e1ln\u011b proces zavr\u0161\u00ed spolkov\u00fd prezident nebo kr\u00e1l).<\/p>\n

Politizuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci z\u00e1vid\u00ed soudc\u016fm jejich v\u00fdsadn\u00ed postaven\u00ed\u00a0 a usiluj\u00ed aspo\u0148 o samostatn\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do struktury st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, zejm\u00e9na o vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed ze svazku org\u00e1n\u016f moci v\u00fdkonn\u00e9. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o tom, \u017ee jejich n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed\u00a0 a rakou\u0161t\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 maj\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, je neovlivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem justice i st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed je odli\u0161nost jejich \u00fazemn\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed od Policie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a samospr\u00e1vy. Z\u010d\u00e1sti se to zast\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 krajsk\u00e9 soudy a krajsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed maj\u00ed pobo\u010dky mimo sv\u00e1 s\u00eddla, kter\u00e9 supluj\u00ed \u010dinnost krajsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n

Za pozornost stoj\u00ed i postaven\u00ed prezidenta republiky. Vymezen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jeho pravomoc\u00ed je natolik neur\u010dit\u00e9 (obecn\u011b, bez ohledu na osoby), \u017ee opakovan\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 spory mezi n\u00edm a vl\u00e1dou nebo zastupitelsk\u00fdmi sbory. Nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, pro\u010d tv\u016frci \u00dastavy je takto vymezili. Opakovan\u011b to vede k po\u017eadavk\u016fm na revizi \u00dastavy. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci nereagovali na pos\u00edlen\u00ed mand\u00e1tu prezidenta republiky jeho zvolen\u00edm v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volb\u011b. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b se oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00e1zory, \u017ee by se pravomoc prezidenta republiky m\u011bla p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b pos\u00edlit. Nap\u0159. b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Milo\u0161 Zeman projevil n\u00e1zor, \u017ee by k p\u0159ehlasov\u00e1n\u00ed prezidentova veta m\u011bla b\u00fdt pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 dvout\u0159etinov\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina hlas\u016f. Politi\u010dt\u00ed pletich\u00e1\u0159i by ale sp\u00ed\u0161e prezidentovu pravomoc r\u00e1di oslabili, tak\u017ee k pos\u00edlen\u00ed asi nikdy nedojde. Pro n\u011b je ide\u00e1lem prezident-klade\u010d v\u011bnc\u016f, kter\u00fd se do ni\u010deho neplete. Jako laik pova\u017euji za p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00ed v poloprezidentsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me z Francie.<\/p>\n

Pokud by tedy politici cht\u011bli z\u00edsk\u00e1vat voli\u010de na sliby o syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m zlep\u0161en\u00ed v \u010dinnosti org\u00e1n\u016f vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va, p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu na jejich stav by snadno na\u0161li inspiraci.<\/p>\n

Kdyby cht\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u011bkdo hodn\u011b odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, mohl by se pokusit o prosazen\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00ed revize postupu trestn\u00edch a spr\u00e1vn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v \u201ehonu na sol\u00e1rn\u00ed barony\u201c, kter\u00fd vypukl po r.2010 a trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u201ehon na kulaky\u201c. St\u00e1t tehdy v listopadu r.2010 zasko\u010dil budovatele sol\u00e1rn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm v\u00fdkupn\u00edch cen elekt\u0159iny s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 1.ledna 2011 pro elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 nez\u00edskaly licenci Energetick\u00e9ho regula\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu do 31. prosince 2010. Vypukla pak vlna trestn\u00edch a spr\u00e1vn\u00edch proces\u016f proti investor\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed v z\u00e1vodu s \u010dasem z\u00edskali licence koncem r.2010. \u0158ada z nich vedla k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch trest\u016f nebo ke zp\u011btn\u00e9mu odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hon za z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm licence v nastal\u00e9m chaosu prov\u00e1zela nep\u0159esnost p\u0159edpis\u016f licen\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich pouze povrchn\u00ed znalost jak investory, tak \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky ER\u00da, policisty, st\u00e1tn\u00edmi z\u00e1stupci a obh\u00e1jci. N\u011bkter\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed z t\u00e9 doby proto vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed pochybnosti.<\/p>\n

Jako laik se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee ob\u011bt\u00ed zmatk\u016f se mohlo st\u00e1t a\u017e n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek revizn\u00edch technik\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed provedli revize bezpe\u010dnosti n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch rozvod\u016f elektr\u00e1ren a na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b vypracovali revizn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, je\u017e byly p\u0159\u00edlohami k \u017e\u00e1dostem o licenci. Pravidla spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postupu p\u0159i revizi a n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed revizn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy stanovil Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed soud a\u017e v r.2013. Revizn\u00ed technici, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bli revize v r. 2010, je nemohli zn\u00e1t a jejich postupy \u201epodle m\u00edstn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed\u201c se od nich v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161ovaly. Trestn\u00ed org\u00e1ny pak jejich po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed hodnotily jako podvodn\u00e9 a podle toho s nimi nakl\u00e1daly. A\u017e v ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch rozsudc\u00edch z posledn\u00ed doby jim p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed\u00a0 pr\u00e1vo na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a upou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed od potrest\u00e1n\u00ed. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed za stejn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed museli do v\u011bzen\u00ed, to mohou pr\u00e1vem vn\u00edmat jako k\u0159ivdu zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy\u017e u jimi kontrolovan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm nehod\u00e1m nebo \u00faraz\u016fm, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm vadou rozvod\u016f. Zp\u016fsob zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s revizn\u00edmi techniky mi p\u0159ipad\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd jejich postaven\u00ed v \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm procesu. Byli pouh\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci investor\u016f a plnili jejich \u00fakoly, ani\u017e by rozhodovali o zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b moje pob\u00eddka ke kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pad\u011blatel\u016f revizn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v nebo jejich autor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na staveni\u0161t\u011b elektr\u00e1rny nikdy nevstoupili.<\/p>\n

Ned\u011bl\u00e1m si ale iluze. L\u00e1kadel, je\u017e odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pozornost politik\u016f od p\u00e9\u010de o zdrav\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, je v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho a b\u00e1jen\u00ed o nich nevy\u017eaduje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed znalosti.<\/p>\n

Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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