{"id":73528,"date":"2025-03-03T00:18:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T23:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=73528"},"modified":"2025-03-02T14:50:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T13:50:28","slug":"tri-roky-valky-na-ukrajine-nepredstavitelne-utrpeni-a-zkaza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/03\/03\/tri-roky-valky-na-ukrajine-nepredstavitelne-utrpeni-a-zkaza\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159i roky v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b: nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed a zk\u00e1za"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ob\u011b v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed strany utrp\u011bly ztr\u00e1ty v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nev\u00eddan\u00e9m od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech, uprchl\u00edci, zni\u010den\u00e9 budovy, ekonomick\u00fd \u00fapadek a \u0161kody na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou nezm\u011brn\u00e9. Celkem 18-20 procent ukrajinsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed obsadilo Rusko.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty na lidech a vojensk\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Odhady jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e9 zdroje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0hovo\u0159\u00ed o 14 000 zni\u010den\u00fdch tankech a obrn\u011bn\u00fdch vozidlech. Pokud jde o lidsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da hovo\u0159\u00ed o zhruba 814 000 zabit\u00fdch nebo zran\u011bn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1c\u00edch. Naproti tomu rusk\u00e1 webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u201eMediazona\u201c, nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na Moskv\u011b, odhaduje, \u017ee bylo zabito asi 84 000 rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, zat\u00edmco americk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo asi 700 000. Podle Centra pro strategick\u00e1 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed studia (CSIS) jen v prvn\u00edm roce v\u00e1lky zem\u0159elo v\u00edce rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f ne\u017e v jak\u00e9mkoli jin\u00e9m konfliktu od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle ukrajinsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Zelensk\u00e9ho do \u00fanora 2025 zem\u0159e 45 000 ukrajinsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a po\u010det zran\u011bn\u00fdch bude t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 400 000. (Ale \u010d\u00edslo je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010det potvrzen\u00fdch civiln\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed se odhaduje na 12 000 mrtv\u00fdch a 28 000 zran\u011bn\u00fdch \u2013 nejde v\u0161ak o spolehliv\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Podle\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f z\u00a0roku 2023 z\u00a0<\/span>Wall Street Journal byly na Ukrajin\u011b provedeny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc amputac\u00ed, co\u017e je bl\u00edzko k britsk\u00fdm nebo n\u011bmeck\u00fdm postav\u00e1m b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce trp\u00ed d\u011bti<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy D\u011btsk\u00e9ho fondu OSN (UNICEF) jedno z p\u011bti d\u011bt\u00ed ztratilo b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky alespo\u0148 jednoho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho nebo p\u0159\u00edtele. Ale tak\u00e9 po\u010det zabit\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed se v roce 2024 oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku zdvojn\u00e1sobil o 50 procent. Od \u00fanora 2022 zem\u0159elo nebo bylo zran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 520 d\u011bt\u00ed, podle \u00fadaj\u016f certifikovan\u00fdch OSN.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi uprchl\u00edky jsou ale i statis\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku, kter\u00fdm se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eilo vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vy UNICEF\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bylo za posledn\u00ed t\u0159i roky posti\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 1600 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00ed a podle Kyjevsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161koly 4000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho instituc\u00ed muselo zav\u0159\u00edt nebo p\u0159ej\u00edt na online vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti cel\u00e9 generace jsou ohro\u017eeny, co\u017e m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro trh pr\u00e1ce a budoucnost zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uprchlick\u00e1 katastrofa<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Enormn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv uprchl\u00edk\u016f zaplavil zejm\u00e9na Evropu. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se do star\u00e9 vlasti pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Odhady p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee celkov\u00fd po\u010det obyvatel se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na polovinu \u2013 bezprecedentn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta v historii zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00da\u0159adu vysok\u00e9ho komisa\u0159e OSN pro uprchl\u00edky bylo v \u00fanoru 2025 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sedm milion\u016f ukrajinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f mimo hranice sv\u00e9 zem\u011b a asi \u010dty\u0159i miliony byly vnit\u0159n\u011b vys\u00eddleny. Mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edsla jsou mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Ztr\u00e1ta lid\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed rekonstrukci zem\u011b. T\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee ekonomika zem\u011b je v trosk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozbit\u00e1 zem\u011b, zni\u010den\u00e1 ekonomika<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0MMF se HDP Ukrajiny v roce 2022 sn\u00ed\u017eil o 29,1 procenta a je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2024 to bylo o 22 procent m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e v posledn\u00edm m\u00edrov\u00e9m roce 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 ekonomika se mimochodem propadla v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b \u2013 navzdory sankc\u00edm \u2013 a v roce 2024 dokonce vzrostla o 6 procent, i kdy\u017e je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi v\u00fddaji a nikoli skute\u010dn\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm rozvojem. Inflace v\u0161ak dos\u00e1hla maxima 21 procent. V tomto ohledu v\u0161ak \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mzdy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho Rusa tvrd\u011b zasahuj\u00ed. Rusko tak\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed 300 miliard\u00e1m dolar\u016f ve zmrazen\u00fdch prost\u0159edc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 by mohly\u00a0<\/span>b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vynalo\u017eeny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na obnovu Ukrajiny .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010ctvrt milionu zni\u010den\u00fdch budov<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed rusk\u00e9 \u00fatoky na ukrajinskou infrastrukturu \u2013 n\u011bkdy bylo na ukrajinsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto vyst\u0159eleno a\u017e jeden a p\u016fl stovky dron\u016f za jedinou noc \u2013 p\u0159inesly neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou \u00farove\u0148 ni\u010den\u00ed. Podle odhad\u016f Kyjevsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161koly budou \u0161kody do listopadu 2024 \u010dinit 170 miliard dolar\u016f (zhruba ekvivalentn\u00ed cel\u00e9mu ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu HDP za jeden rok).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bylo po\u0161kozeno nebo\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zni\u010deno<\/span><\/a>\u00a0236 000 obytn\u00fdch budov , v\u010detn\u011b 209 000 soukrom\u00fdch dom\u016f, 27 000 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch budov a dal\u0161\u00edch 600 ubytoven. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ni\u010den\u00ed bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno z oblast\u00ed Don\u011bck, Charkov, Luhansk, Kyjev, \u010cernihiv a Cherson.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozbit\u00e1 infrastruktura<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nesm\u00edrnou zk\u00e1zu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b utrp\u011bly i silnice a \u017eeleznice. Celkem bylo zni\u010deno v\u00edce ne\u017e 26 000 kilometr\u016f silnic, \u017eeleznice utrp\u011bly finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kody 4,3 miliardy dolar\u016f, leti\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b miliardy a p\u0159\u00edstavy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 miliardu dolar\u016f Celkov\u00e9 \u0161kody na dopravn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e dosahuj\u00ed podle Kyjeva 38,5 miliardy americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho bylo po\u0161kozeno nebo zni\u010deno 260 tis\u00edc voz\u016f, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo celkovou \u0161kodu 2,2 miliardy dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed \u0161kody na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bylo zni\u010deno 130 000 kus\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f, zcela zni\u010deno \u010dty\u0159i miliony tun p\u0161enice a mnoho soukrom\u00fdch i ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch dru\u017estev.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed syst\u00e9m na pokraji kolapsu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Celkem byly ztraceny nemocnice a kliniky v hodnot\u011b 4,3 miliardy dolar\u016f. Zpr\u00e1va UNICEF odhaduje, \u017ee bylo zni\u010deno nebo po\u0161kozeno 790 zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale podle Kyjevsk\u00e9ho institutu je skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vysok\u00e9 od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a spl\u00e1tky \u00fav\u011bru<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

To dokonce nezahrnuje \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 je extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vy\u010d\u00edslit: nap\u0159\u00edklad od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 Trumpem, kter\u00e9 daleko p\u0159evy\u0161uje to, co nen\u00e1padn\u011b inkasovala Bidenova administrativa, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Blackrocku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukrajina ztr\u00e1c\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tak \u010di onak, Ukrajina pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ztrat\u00ed svou nez\u00e1vislost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad spl\u00e1cen\u00edm p\u016fj\u010dek, kter\u00e9 dosud zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly finan\u010dn\u00ed stabilitu zem\u011b. V \u00fanoru 2025 musela Ukrajina jednat s MMF o uvoln\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 tran\u0161e ve v\u00fd\u0161i neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 917 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. MMF ji\u017e Ukrajin\u011b vyplatil 12,4 miliardy dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdevastovan\u00e1 krajina<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Jen po zni\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ehrady Nov\u00e1 Kakhovka se krom\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 zk\u00e1zy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 povodn\u00ed dostala do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1st ze \u010dty\u0159 set tun turb\u00ednov\u00e9ho oleje. Podle ukrajinsk\u00e9ho ministra \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159iteklo do Dn\u011bpru nejm\u00e9n\u011b 150 tun ropy a \u0161kody na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed byly odhadnuty na 50 milion\u016f eur: jedin\u00fd litr ropy otr\u00e1v\u00ed milionkr\u00e1t tolik nebo tis\u00edc kub\u00edk\u016f vody, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed masov\u00fd \u00fahyn ryb a dal\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch organism\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee hladina vody v n\u00e1dr\u017ei Nova Kakhovka dos\u00e1hla t\u0159icetilet\u00e9ho rekordu, vedlo selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrady k je\u0161t\u011b katastrof\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1plav\u00e1m, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo: civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti, des\u00edtky tis\u00edc uprchl\u00edk\u016f, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 nouze, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ze zni\u010den\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f se ale do p\u016fdy dostalo i mnoho toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. A v\u00fdpadky elekt\u0159iny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury postihly nejen b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ob\u010dany, ale i \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod, co\u017e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod. Nemluv\u011b o les\u00edch rozoran\u00fdch d\u011blost\u0159electvem, kter\u00e9 na krajin\u011b t\u00e9to zdevastovan\u00e9 zem\u011b zanechaly dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161r\u00e1my.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ob\u011b v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed strany utrp\u011bly ztr\u00e1ty v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nev\u00eddan\u00e9m od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":73529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[22,739,26,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}