{"id":73099,"date":"2025-02-26T00:12:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T23:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=73099"},"modified":"2025-02-25T14:19:01","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T13:19:01","slug":"trumpova-zrejma-vize-rozdeleni-sveta-na-samostatne-rise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/26\/trumpova-zrejma-vize-rozdeleni-sveta-na-samostatne-rise\/","title":{"rendered":"Trumpova z\u0159ejm\u00e1 vize: Rozd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u011bta na samostatn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jev\u00ed mal\u00fd z\u00e1jem o prosazen\u00ed Pax Americana ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch regionech<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Teoreticky by se Amerika \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e veden\u00e1 Joe Bidenem, Kamalou Harrisovou nebo Donaldem Trumpem \u2013 m\u011bla sna\u017eit z\u016fstat vedouc\u00ed sv\u011btovou strategickou mocnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V teorii mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f realistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nut\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00edskat co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc nad ostatn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty. Jedin\u011b tak se spolehliv\u011b zajist\u00edte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odtud je odd\u011blen\u00ed mezi defenzivn\u00edmi a \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdmi realisty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Defenzivn\u00ed realist\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e jednotliv\u00fd st\u00e1t dos\u00e1hne relativn\u00ed s\u00edly ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, sund\u00e1 nohu z akceler\u00e1toru a zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed se v\u00edce na udr\u017een\u00ed status quo ne\u017e na roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1skoku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofenzivn\u00ed realist\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1t nem\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nikdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou bezpe\u010dnost, tak\u017ee st\u00e1ty se nikdy nep\u0159estanou sna\u017eit z\u00edskat dodate\u010dnou relativn\u00ed moc nad ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161echny potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi protivn\u00edky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, se pokus\u00ed ovl\u00e1dnout sv\u00e9 sousedy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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John J. Mearsheimer, zobrazen\u00fd jako \u201eMearchiavelli\u201c, Marwane Pallas, Philomathean Society. Obr\u00e1zek: mearsheimer.com<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Jeden z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch zast\u00e1nc\u016f realismu, profesor University of Chicago John Mearsheimer, pat\u0159\u00ed do \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora. Jeho p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed: „Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ud\u011blaj\u00ed v\u0161e, co je v jejich sil\u00e1ch, aby zajistily, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna neovl\u00e1dne Asii.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch \u00fasil\u00ed je v\u00e1lka o Tchaj-wan. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 by \u201ebojovali a zem\u0159eli na obranu Tchaj-wanu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ignoruje ot\u00e1zku, zda by americk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost takovou v\u00e1lku podpo\u0159ila, a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u201emanipuluje diskurz o tom, co se d\u011bje, aby vykreslila \u010c\u00ednu jako smrtelnou hrozbu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mearsheimer uv\u00e1d\u00ed dva d\u016fvody, pro\u010d by se Washington tak usilovn\u011b sna\u017eil omezit expanzionismus \u010cLR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed protivn\u00edk jako \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00fd by z\u00edskal kontrolu nad hlavn\u00edm centrem glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trh\u016f, bohatstv\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch kapacit, jako je v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, by ohrozil americkou prosperitu. „Historick\u00fd z\u00e1znam je jasn\u00fd,“ p\u00ed\u0161e, „\u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebudou tolerovat rovnocenn\u00e9 konkurenty.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, Mearsheimer tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee siln\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 z\u00edsk\u00e1 nadvl\u00e1du nad sv\u00fdm regionem, se m\u016f\u017ee \u201ebezplatn\u011b potulovat\u201c. Proto\u017ee nen\u00ed ohro\u017een \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm ze sv\u00fdch soused\u016f, bude prov\u00e1d\u011bt agresivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum v sousedstv\u00ed jin\u00e9 velk\u00e9 mocnosti. Pokud by tedy USA neblokovaly kontrolu Pekingu nad oblastmi v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m zahrani\u010d\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, jako je Tchaj-wan, V\u00fdchodo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e a Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, \u010c\u00edna by zpochybnila americkou bezpe\u010dnost na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mearsheimer\u016fv ofenzivn\u00ed realismus m\u00e1 v\u0161ak vestav\u011bnou chybu. Navzdory logice, kter\u00e1, jak se zd\u00e1, zavazuje Ameriku k tomu, aby si za ka\u017edou cenu udr\u017eela svou strategickou nadvl\u00e1du a zajistila, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna nez\u00edsk\u00e1 hegemonii nad Asi\u00ed, uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy, v\u010detn\u011b vl\u00e1dy USA, ne v\u017edy jednaj\u00ed tak, jak p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 jeho teorie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201ehloup\u00e9\u201c a \u201estrategick\u00e1 chyba\u201c, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty od 80. let podporovaly rychl\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst \u010c\u00edny a technologick\u00fd pokrok v myln\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, \u017ee to zabr\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm konflikt\u016fm s \u010c\u00ednou \u2013 n\u00e1zor, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed sd\u00edl\u00ed mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch analytik\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mearsheimer v podstat\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jeho teorie dok\u00e1\u017ee spolehliv\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, jak se zachovaj\u00ed velmoci vzhledem ke sv\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okolnostem \u2013 ale tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta, se odm\u00edtaj\u00ed chovat podle jeho teorie.<\/span><\/p>\n

To by vzalo v \u00favahu mo\u017enost, \u017ee by se navzdory tlaku mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mohla ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech dostat k moci vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nebude m\u00edt z\u00e1jem br\u00e1nit \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 hegemonii ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

To se skute\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto aktivistick\u00e9 Ameriky, kter\u00e1 prosazuje liber\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla a instituce a sna\u017e\u00ed se utv\u00e1\u0159et regiony po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, aby zabr\u00e1nily vzestupu siln\u00fdch odp\u016frc\u016f, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt Trumpovou viz\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u011bta na jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 imp\u00e9ria. Jeho pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e o anexi Kanady a Gr\u00f3nska se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00edc ne\u017e jen vtip, aby rozzlobil sv\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed odp\u016frce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky, \u017ee by Trump p\u0159ijal i rusk\u00e9 a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium. Jeho vl\u00e1da dala sign\u00e1l, \u017ee akceptuje ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00fazemn\u00ed zisky Ruska na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e Trumpova kontroverzn\u00edho ministra obrany Peta Hegsetha a viceprezidenta JD Vance zv\u00fd\u0161ily v Evrop\u011b obavy, \u017ee Trump II hodl\u00e1 zvr\u00e1tit bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky USA v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump opakovan\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee aliance USA s Japonskem a Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreou maj\u00ed smysl pouze tehdy, pokud z nich Amerika t\u011b\u017e\u00ed. O strategick\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu t\u011bchto alianc\u00ed \u0159ekl m\u00e1lo a nazna\u010dil, \u017ee nepodporuje c\u00edl strategicky omezit \u010c\u00ednu, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jeho vysoc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 ano.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump chce \u00fadajn\u011b st\u00e1hnout americk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky z Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje. \u0158ekl tak\u00e9, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m\u201c s t\u00edm, \u017ee Severn\u00ed Korea testuje rakety kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho doletu, kter\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nemohou dos\u00e1hnout, i kdy\u017e takov\u00e9 rakety ohro\u017euj\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreu. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Trump by byl ochoten vzd\u00e1t se odpov\u011bdnosti USA za obranu Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje, pokud by to znamenalo i odstran\u011bn\u00ed Ameriky z c\u00edlov\u00e9ho seznamu Pchjongjangu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o mo\u017enost americk\u00e9 intervence ve v\u00e1lce p\u0159es \u00fa\u017einu, Trump \u0159ekl, \u017ee Tchaj-wan je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou neobhajiteln\u00fd a ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd \u2013 a \u017ee m\u00e1 proti Tchaj-wanu odpor za to, \u017ee \u00fadajn\u011b \u201eukradl\u201c americk\u00fd byznys s v\u00fdrobou polovodi\u010d\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Na t\u00e9to fotografii po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 31. ledna 2018 tchajwan\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci pozdravuj\u00ed ostrovn\u00ed vlajku na palub\u011b z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed lodi Panshih po \u00fa\u010dasti na ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch cvi\u010den\u00edch na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u011b Tsoying v Kaohsiungu. Foto: AFP \/ Mandy Cheng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Pokud Trump vn\u00edm\u00e1 \u010c\u00ednu jako hrozbu, je to ekonomick\u00e1 hrozba, kterou by \u0159e\u0161il p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politikou, nikoli vojenskou strategi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarify jsou jeho preferovan\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem. Trump v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee cla mohou vyrovnat obchodn\u00ed deficit USA a vytvo\u0159it pob\u00eddky pro v\u00fdrobu v USA. Na konci roku 2024 Trump v rozhovoru pro Wall Street Journal \u0159ekl, \u017ee na \u00fatok \u010cLR na Tchaj-wan odpov\u00ed vysok\u00fdmi cly na \u010c\u00ednu, nikoli vysl\u00e1n\u00edm americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f na jeho podporu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od Mearsheimerov\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se Trump nezd\u00e1, \u017ee by se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee by \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 hegemonie nad Asi\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozila prosperitu USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory p\u016fsobiv\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvoji \u010c\u00edny, akumulaci bohatstv\u00ed a nahromad\u011bn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Amerika p\u0159edn\u00ed sv\u011btovou ekonomickou, vojenskou a inova\u010dn\u00ed velmoc\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od \u010c\u00edny m\u00e1 Washington tak\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165 siln\u00fdch spojenc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se nestalo nemo\u017en\u00e9 nad\u00e1le prosazovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody zalo\u017een\u00e9 na liber\u00e1ln\u00edch principech, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA, nebo se postavit proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 expanzionismu ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se administrativa Trumpa II m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout nechat Pax Americana zem\u0159\u00edt, proto\u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed politika v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi imperativy, kter\u00fdm zjevn\u011b nelze odolat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Denny Roy<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Jev\u00ed mal\u00fd z\u00e1jem o prosazen\u00ed Pax Americana ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch regionech Teoreticky by se Amerika \u2013…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":73100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2181,276,452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73099"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73099\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}