{"id":72621,"date":"2025-02-18T08:17:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T07:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=72621"},"modified":"2025-02-18T08:17:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T07:17:12","slug":"smrt-pomoci-mediciny-ve-40-faktech-a-statistikach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/18\/smrt-pomoci-mediciny-ve-40-faktech-a-statistikach\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eSmrt pomoc\u00ed medic\u00edny\u201c ve 40 faktech a statistik\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>To je \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0<em>Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine<\/em>\u00a0v roce 2005.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Auto\u0159i, Gary Null, Ph.D., Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, Martin Feldman, MD, a Debora Rasio, MD, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed t\u00edmto pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8220;\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Pe\u010dliv\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed recenzovan\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f a vl\u00e1dn\u00edch statistik o zdrav\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee americk\u00e1 medic\u00edna \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuje v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>I kdy\u017e se \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t zastaral\u00fd, proto\u017ee je 20 let star\u00fd,\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sci-hub.se\/https:\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>anal\u00fdza dvou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f z Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0dosp\u011bla v roce 2016 k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 chyby byly t\u0159et\u00ed hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Auto\u0159i zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee \u201e\u00a0<\/span><em><span>\u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 chybami se nem\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0\u201c a nejsou zahrnuta mezi p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny smrti kv\u016fli absenci k\u00f3du pro tento \u00fa\u010del v Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V Kanad\u011b byly\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/175790\/erreurs-medicales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>podle\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Radio-Canada<\/span><\/em><\/a><span>\u00a0v roce 2004 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 chyby zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24 000 \u00famrt\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. V roce 2019,\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rcinet.ca\/en\/2019\/10\/28\/thousands-die-from-medical-errors-yearly-notes-advocacy-group\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>st\u00e1le podle spole\u010dnosti Crown Corporation<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 chyby zabily a\u017e 28 000 lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e z n\u00ed tak\u00e9 ud\u011blalo 3. hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu \u00famrt\u00ed v zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u010cl\u00e1nek \u201e\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Smrt l\u00e9kem<\/span><\/em><span> \u201c je proto aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed dodnes. Je pln\u00e1 statistik o l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch chyb\u00e1ch, nedostate\u010dn\u011b hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch t\u011bchto chyb\u00e1ch a vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f, co\u017e je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zes\u00edlen vakc\u00ednami na covid, kter\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edci velmi z\u0159\u00eddka uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f nebo \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Zde je p\u0159eklad nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00faryvk\u016f z tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Ka\u017ed\u00fd fakt nebo statistika je uveden v p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku. Koment\u00e1\u0159e nebo \u00fapravy autorem t\u011bchto \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f jsou v z\u00e1vork\u00e1ch a dopln\u011bny podtr\u017een\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>*<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Smrt pomoc\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span>1. Po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v nemocnici utrp\u011bli\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed reakce na l\u00e9ky na p\u0159edpis,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>2,2 milionu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. [\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sci-hub.se\/10.1001\/jama.279.15.1200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>Studie z roku 1998, kter\u00e1 poskytla tuto statistiku, pokr\u00fdvala 30 let, od roku 1966 do roku 1996<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0. Auto\u0159i odhadli, \u017ee vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky l\u00e9k\u016f jsou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u010dtvrtou hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>2. Dr. Richard Besser z [Center for Disease Control] CDC uvedl v roce 1995, \u017ee po\u010det\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch antibiotik<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na virov\u00e9 infekce byl\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>20 milion\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>3. Po\u010det\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch a chirurgick\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0proveden\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rok je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>7,5 milionu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>4. Po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vystaveni\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm hospitalizac\u00edm,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>8,9 milionu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>5. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>iatrogenn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[v d\u016fsledku l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku nebo medikace] je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>783 936<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ro\u010dn\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>[T]americk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd syst\u00e9m je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed a zran\u011bn\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00famrtnost na srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby v roce 2001 byla 699 697; Ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00famrtnost na rakovinu je 553 251.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>6. [Na z\u00e1klad\u011b studie 16,4 milion\u016f lid\u00ed] m\u016f\u017ee jednoduch\u00fd vstup do nemocnice v\u00e9st k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmu:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>2,1% pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed reakce na l\u00e9k. (186 000)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>5 a\u017e 6% pravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1kazy nozokomi\u00e1ln\u00ed infekc\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>4 a\u017e 36% riziko iatrogenn\u00edho poran\u011bn\u00ed v nemocnici<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 chyba a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky l\u00e9k\u016f). (1,78 milionu)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>17% pravd\u011bpodobnost procesn\u00ed chyby<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. (1,3 milionu)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>7. Je zaznamen\u00e1no pouze\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>asi 5 a\u017e 20 % iatrogenn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>8. [Ze]\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>103 000 \u00famrt\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na nemocni\u010dn\u00ed infekce (\u2026)\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>75 % se dalo p\u0159edej\u00edt<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zem\u0159e 57 000 lid\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0kv\u016fli\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0o b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nemoci, jako je vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak, cukrovka nebo srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>10. [Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku &#8222;Error in Medicine&#8220; od Dr. Luciena L. Leape, publikovan\u00e9ho v] JAMA v roce 1994:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>V\u00a0roce\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1964<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0trp\u011blo\u00a0<strong>iatrogenn\u00edmi poran\u011bn\u00edmi\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>20 % hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00a0<strong>\u00famrtnost\u00ed 20 %.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>V\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roce 1981<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[to] bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>36 % hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0m\u011blo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>iatrogenezi<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00famrtnost\u00ed 25 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0l\u00e9kov\u00e9 reakce byly zapojeny do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>50 % zran\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>V\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roce 1991<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[to] bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>64 % akutn\u00edch srde\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1chvat\u016f v nemocnici bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edej\u00edt<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a byly zp\u016fsobeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi reakcemi na l\u00e9ky.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>[V] roce\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1984<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York byla 4% m\u00edra iatrogenn\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed u pacient\u016f s 14% \u00famrtnost\u00ed. [Odhaduje se, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zem\u0159e 180 000 lid\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b na iatrogenn\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u2026), co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 t\u0159em hav\u00e1ri\u00edm jumbo jet ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva dny.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>11. [Auto\u0159i Death by Medicine m\u00edsto toho odhaduj\u00ed]\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det iatrogenn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed na 1 189 576<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>12. N\u011bkolik pitevn\u00edch studi\u00ed [ukazuje] \u010detnost a\u017e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>35\u201340 % zme\u0161kan\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch smrt<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>13. [Auto\u0159i se ptaj\u00ed]: Jak\u00fd je \u00fa\u010dinek na n\u011bkoho, kdo denn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, nespr\u00e1vnou d\u00e1vku, nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd postup? Jak se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed akumulovan\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e zran\u011bn\u00ed? A kdy\u017e pacient po des\u00e1t\u00e9 chyb\u011b v t\u00fddnu kone\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e, co je naps\u00e1no v \u00famrtn\u00edm listu?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>14. Dr. Leap odhadl\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00edru selh\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed na 1 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. [Pokud porovn\u00e1me] s leteck\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem, 0,1% poruchovost odpov\u00edd\u00e1 2 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm letadl\u016fm p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm na leti\u0161ti O&#8217;Hare ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>15. [Vysok\u00fd po\u010det l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch chyb lze vysv\u011btlit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi jevy]:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>jsou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>hl\u00e1\u0161eny z\u0159\u00eddka<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako izolovan\u00e9\u00a0a neobvykl\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ud\u00e1losti ;<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span>l\u00e9ka\u0159i\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>a sestry nejsou vybaveni k tomu, aby se vypo\u0159\u00e1dali s lidsk\u00fdmi chybami<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0kv\u016fli kultu\u0159e l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku a praxe;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 chyby jsou (\u2026) pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>charakterovou vadu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a jak\u00e1koli chyba se rovn\u00e1 nedbalosti;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u201eModel neomylnosti\u201c medic\u00edny vede k\u00a0<strong>intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>nepoctivosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<span>a pot\u0159eb\u011b\u00a0<strong>chyby sp\u00ed\u0161e zakr\u00fdvat,<\/strong>\u00a0ne\u017e je p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>16. V\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roce 1995<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0zpr\u00e1va JAMA uvedla, \u017ee \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>v americk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch je ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden milion pacient\u016f a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 280 000<\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span>\u00a0ro\u010dn\u011b na tato zran\u011bn\u00ed zem\u0159e. Proto iatrogenn\u00ed \u00famrtnost\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p\u0159evy\u0161uje ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det dopravn\u00edch nehod 45 000<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v\u00edce \u00famrt\u00ed ne\u017e v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed nehody dohromady<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span>\u00a0.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>17. Podle studie dvou porodnick\u00fdch jednotek ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pouze asi \u010dtvrtina ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod, kter\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0se tam vyskytnou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>, hl\u00e1\u0161ena<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0z d\u016fvod\u016f\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ochrany person\u00e1lu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>dobr\u00e9 pov\u011bsti<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0nebo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>strachu z odvetn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pr\u00e1vn\u00edch krok\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>18. Anal\u00fdza Walda a Shojania zjistila, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pouze 1,5 % v\u0161ech ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod vede k hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o incidentu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a pouze\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>6 % ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s drogou je spr\u00e1vn\u011b identifikov\u00e1no<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>19. American College of Surgeons obecn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zpr\u00e1vy o chirurgick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edhod\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>trvale zachycuj\u00ed pouze 5\u201330 % ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>20. Pr\u016fzkum n\u00e1rodn\u00ed l\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze z\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roku 1992<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0odhalil celkem 429 827 chyb v medikaci v 1 081 nemocnic\u00edch. K chyb\u00e1m v medikaci do\u0161lo\u00a0ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>u 5,22 % pacient\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0p\u0159ijat\u00fdch do t\u011bchto nemocnic. Auto\u0159i dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee minim\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>90 895 lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b bylo po\u0161kozeno chybami v medikaci<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0v cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>21. Studie z roku 2002 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>20 % nemocni\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pro pacienty m\u011blo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>chyby v d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>40 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0t\u011bchto chyb bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za potenci\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0161kodliv\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pro osobu. V typick\u00e9 nemocnici s 300 pacienty byl po\u010det chyb za den 40.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>22.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Chybovost zachycen\u00e1 l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edky<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0v t\u00e9to studii byla\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>24 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det pacient\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00fdch l\u00e9ky na p\u0159edpis zv\u00fd\u0161il na 417 908.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>23. Studie z roku 2003 sledovala\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>400 pacient\u016f po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z nemocnice terci\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(nemocni\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysoce specializovan\u00e9 dovednosti, technologie nebo podp\u016frn\u00e9 slu\u017eby).\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zaznamenalo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a076 lid\u00ed ( 19 %)\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s l\u00e9ky byly nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (66 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0)\u00a0. D\u00e1le n\u00e1sledovala\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zran\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1kroky (17 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>24. Ve studii NEJM z v\u00edce ne\u017e 3,34 miliardy l\u00e9k\u016f na p\u0159edpis vydan\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v roce 2002 trp\u011bl jeden ze \u010dty\u0159 pacient\u016f pozorovateln\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>25. [V t\u00e9to studii] byly\u00a0l\u00e9ky s\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nejhor\u0161\u00edmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>SSRI<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[selektivn\u00ed inhibitory zp\u011btn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed serotoninu, typ\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>antidepresiv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0],\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>NSAID<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nesteroidn\u00ed protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 l\u00e9ky<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0] a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>blok\u00e1tory kalciov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>26. Agentura Reuters tak\u00e9 uvedla, \u017ee p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010doval, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>5 % hospitalizac\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e milion ro\u010dn\u011b \u2013 je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v\u00fdsledkem vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f l\u00e9k\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. V\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f\u00a0v\u0161ak\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nen\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem zdokumentov\u00e1na<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Studie [NEJM] na\u0161la jeden d\u016fvod tohoto selh\u00e1n\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve dvou t\u0159etin\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159i nedok\u00e1zali diagnostikovat vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky l\u00e9ku nebo vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy, proto\u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159 ignoroval varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>27. Cel\u00e1 generace u\u017eivatel\u016f antidepresiv je v\u00fdsledkem mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vyrostli na Ritalinu. Medikace mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed a zm\u011bna jejich emoc\u00ed mus\u00ed m\u00edt dopad na to, jak se nau\u010d\u00ed zvl\u00e1dat sv\u00e9 pocity. U\u010d\u00ed se adaptovat na drogu, ne\u010derpat ze sv\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed se tito medikovan\u00ed mlad\u00ed obracej\u00ed na alkohol, l\u00e9ky nebo dokonce pouli\u010dn\u00ed drogy, aby se vyrovnali. Podle\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Journal of the American Medical Association<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0&#8220;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Ritalin\u00a0<\/span><em><span>p\u016fsob\u00ed trochu jako kokain<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<strong>&#8222;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>28. Do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roku 1995\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>farmaceutick\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0spole\u010dnosti\u00a0ztrojn\u00e1sobily \u010d\u00e1stku, kterou utratily za\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reklamu na l\u00e9ky na p\u0159edpis .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>29. Od roku 1996 do roku 2000 se v\u00fddaje zv\u00fd\u0161ily\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ze 791 milion\u016f USD na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2,5 miliardy USD<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. [To] p\u0159edstavuje pouze 15 % z celkov\u00e9ho reklamn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu farmaceutick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>30. Ve velmi objevn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b General Accounting Office (americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura) \u201ezjistila, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ze 198 l\u00e9k\u016f schv\u00e1len\u00fdch FDA v letech 1976 a\u017e 1985 (\u2026) 102 (nebo 51,5 %) m\u011blo v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 rizika po schv\u00e1len\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u2026) V\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 rizika po schv\u00e1len\u00ed [v\u010detn\u011b] srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1stava, srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch poruchy, vrozen\u00e9 vady a fet\u00e1ln\u00ed toxicita a slepota.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>31.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0jsou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>antibiotika (17 %)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed l\u00e9ky (17 %)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>chemoterapie (15 %)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>analgetika<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (15 %).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>32. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina pacient\u016f s infekcemi horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1le dost\u00e1v\u00e1 antibiotika od sv\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Podle CDC je 90 % infekc\u00ed horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch virov\u00fdch a nem\u011bly by b\u00fdt l\u00e9\u010deny antibiotiky (\u2026) Beta-hemolytick\u00e9 streptokoky skupiny A jsou jedinou b\u011b\u017enou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou bolest\u00ed v krku, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed antibiotika, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jedinou doporu\u010denou l\u00e9\u010dbou jsou penicilin a erytromycin. 90 % bolest\u00ed v krku je v\u0161ak virov\u00fdch. Auto\u0159i t\u00e9to studie odhadli, \u017ee mezi lety 1989 a 1999 bylo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b 6,7 milionu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv dosp\u011bl\u00fdch kv\u016fli bolestem v krku. Antibiotika byla pou\u017eita v 73 % n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv (\u2026) Pokud byla antibiotika pod\u00e1na v 73 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a m\u011bla b\u00fdt pod\u00e1na pouze v 10 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, p\u0159edstavuje to\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>63 % nebo celkem 4,2 milionu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv pro bolesti v krku, kter\u00e9 vedly ke zbyte\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159edepisov\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik v letech 1989 a\u017e 1999<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>33. Dr. Richard Besser z CDC uvedl v\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roce 1995,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>po\u010det zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch antibiotik p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na virov\u00e9 infekce byl 20 milion\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Dr. Besser v\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>roce 2003<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0[odkazoval] na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>des\u00edtky milion\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch antibiotik.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>34. CDC varuje, \u017ee 90 % infekc\u00ed horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch je virov\u00fdch, v\u010detn\u011b infekc\u00ed u\u0161\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, a \u017ee antibiotika virov\u00e9 infekce nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>V\u00edce ne\u017e 40 % z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 milion\u016f antibiotik p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v ordinac\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f bylo nevhodn\u00fdch.<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik, kdy\u017e nejsou pot\u0159eba,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k rozvoji smrt\u00edc\u00edch kmen\u016f bakteri\u00ed odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di l\u00e9k\u016fm a zp\u016fsobit v\u00edce ne\u017e 88 000 \u00famrt\u00ed na infekce z\u00edskan\u00e9 v nemocnici<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>35. Pr\u016fzkum\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1 072 francouzsk\u00fdch praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0prov\u011b\u0159il jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti farmakologie a praxi p\u0159edepisov\u00e1n\u00ed NSAID. Nesteroidn\u00ed protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9\u00a0l\u00e9ky\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>(NSAID) jsou na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159edepisovan\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky. V\u00fdsledky studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>prakti\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti o t\u011bchto l\u00e9c\u00edch a nejsou schopni \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zvl\u00e1dat ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>36. V roce 1989 napsal n\u011bmeck\u00fd biostatistik Ulrich Abel, Ph.D., po publikov\u00e1n\u00ed des\u00edtek \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o chemoterapii rakoviny monografii \u201e\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Chemoterapie pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0\u201c (\u2026) Dr. Abel p\u0159edlo\u017eil komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed a publikac\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 000 \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f zkoumaj\u00edc\u00edch hodnotu cytotoxick\u00e9 chemoterapie v pokro\u010dil\u00e9 chemoterapii (rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd p\u0159ehled, \u017ee v pokro\u010dil\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>chemoterapii neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 chemoterapie) Dr prodlu\u017euje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed u pacient\u016f s pokro\u010dil\u00fdm karcinomem<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u2026): &#8220;\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Mnoho onkolog\u016f pova\u017euje za samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f na l\u00e9\u010dbu prodlu\u017euje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, n\u00e1zor, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na omylu a nen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>podporov\u00e1n klinick\u00fdmi studiemi<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span>\u00a0.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>37. Pr\u016fzkum zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd v Journal of Health Affairs zjistil,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u017ee 18 % a\u017e 28 % lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ned\u00e1vno onemocn\u011bli, trp\u011blo v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dvou letech zdravotn\u00edm nebo drogov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Studie zkoumala 750 ned\u00e1vno nemocn\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch v p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Rozd\u011blen\u00ed podle zem\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee 18 % lid\u00ed bylo ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>25 % v Kanad\u011b<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, 23 % v Austr\u00e1lii, 23 % na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det byl ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech (28 %).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>38. Velmi objevn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 studie, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 po dobu 14 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, hodnotila nutri\u010dn\u00ed stav 837 [star\u0161\u00edch] pacient\u016f v nemocnici se 100 l\u016f\u017eky subakutn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Pouze u 8 % pacient\u016f bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee maj\u00ed dobrou v\u00fd\u017eivu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etina (29 %) byla podvy\u017eiven\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny (63 %) byly ohro\u017eeny podv\u00fd\u017eivou. D\u016fsledkem tohoto stavu nedostatku bylo, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>25 % podvy\u017eiven\u00fdch pacient\u016f muselo b\u00fdt znovu p\u0159ijato do nemocnice akutn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 11 % dob\u0159e \u017eiven\u00fdch pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>39. \u00damrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 podv\u00fd\u017eivou, dehydratac\u00ed a fyzick\u00fdm stresem jsou na \u00famrtn\u00edch listech zaznamen\u00e1na jen z\u0159\u00eddka<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina p\u0159\u00ed\u010din \u00famrt\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v \u00famrtn\u00edch listech star\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch s chronick\u00fdm nebo multisyst\u00e9mov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm je nep\u0159esn\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. I kdy\u017e 1 z 5 lid\u00ed zem\u0159e v domovech pro seniory,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00edra pitvy je pouze 0,8 %<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Nem\u00e1me tedy\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zjistit skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny smrti<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>40. Dr. Robert Epstein, hlavn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 Medco Health Solutions Inc. (jednotka spole\u010dnosti Merck &amp; Co.), provedl studii drogov\u00fdch trend\u016f. Star\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed v\u00edce l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce recept\u016f a u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00edce l\u00e9k\u016f (\u2026) Podle studie\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd star\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fd dostane 25 recept\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0. Mezi t\u011bmito 6,3 miliony star\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch bylo spu\u0161t\u011bno celkem 7,9 milionu v\u00fdstrah na drogy a m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovina z nich, 3,4 milionu, byla detekov\u00e1na v roce 1999.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Asi 2,2 milionu z t\u011bchto v\u00fdstrah indikovalo nadm\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00e1vky nevhodn\u00e9 pro star\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a asi\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>2,4 milionu indikovalo l\u00e9ky klinicky nevhodn\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pro star\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Zdroj: <\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tribunaldelinfaux.com\/2025\/02\/17\/la-mort-par-la-medecine-en-40-faits-et-statistiques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>The Tribunal of the Infaux<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To je \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine\u00a0v roce 2005. Auto\u0159i, Gary Null,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":72622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1020,839,523],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}