{"id":72339,"date":"2025-02-15T00:39:39","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T23:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=72339"},"modified":"2025-02-14T14:24:11","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T13:24:11","slug":"pochmurna-budoucnost-ukrajiny-vymena-obyvatelstva-po-valce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/15\/pochmurna-budoucnost-ukrajiny-vymena-obyvatelstva-po-valce\/","title":{"rendered":"Pochmurn\u00e1 budoucnost Ukrajiny: v\u00fdm\u011bna obyvatelstva po v\u00e1lce?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span>V zemi, kter\u00e1 u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou trp\u011bla nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fabytkem populace v Evrop\u011b, se r\u00fdsuje dal\u0161\u00ed demografick\u00e1 \u010dasovan\u00e1 bomba. Ukrajina, jej\u00ed\u017e synov\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti riskuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty na front\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee \u010delit radik\u00e1ln\u00ed prom\u011bn\u011b sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u2013 a to pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy se p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed dom\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Hol\u00e9 postavy mluv\u00ed \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edm jazykem: v sou\u010dasnosti deset Ukrajinek rod\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru jen sedm d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 pro udr\u017een\u00ed stabiln\u00ed populace by jich muselo b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 22. Z kdysi hrd\u00fdch 40-50 milion\u016f obyvatel dnes v zemi z\u016fstalo jen asi 29 milion\u016f a trend st\u00e1le kles\u00e1. Jen v roce 2024 opustilo sv\u00e9 domovy dal\u0161\u00edch 200 000 lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Vasyl Voskobojnik, prezident Ukrajinsk\u00e9 asociace zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch agentur, nyn\u00ed vstupuje do t\u00e9to demografick\u00e9 mezery\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magyarnemzet.hu\/kulfold\/2025\/02\/migransokkal-potolnak-ukrajna-lakossagat-a-haboru-utan#google_vignette\"><span>s v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0: masov\u00e1 imigrace z t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta jako \u201e\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bez alternativy\u201c. Ukrajina podle jeho odhadu pot\u0159ebuje na rekonstrukci minim\u00e1ln\u011b 8,2 milionu pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 zem\u011b sama nezvl\u00e1dne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed imigranti poch\u00e1zej\u00ed zejm\u00e9na z Banglad\u00e9\u0161e, Indie, Nep\u00e1lu a zem\u00ed severn\u00ed Afriky a st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie \u2013 tedy region\u016f, kde je \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na v\u00e1lkou zm\u00edtan\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b. Vladimir Paniotto, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Kyjevsk\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho sociologick\u00e9ho institutu, jde je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le a otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o mo\u017en\u00e9m \u201evyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed Ukrajiny s Afgh\u00e1nci a Afgh\u00e1nci, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo demografick\u00e9 katastrof\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tyto pl\u00e1ny v\u0161ak obsahuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Ukrajina je tradi\u010dn\u011b relativn\u011b etnicky homogenn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e se s diskriminac\u00ed mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat i dlouhodob\u011b etablovan\u00e9 men\u0161iny, jako je ma\u010farsk\u00e1 komunita a rusk\u00e1 men\u0161ina. Ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-shows-racism-has-no-boundaries\/\"><span>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace dokumentovaly<\/span><\/a><span> xenofobn\u00ed incidenty a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed v\u016f\u010di lidem africk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ho\u0159k\u00e9 lekce ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy jsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b ignorov\u00e1ny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v N\u011bmecku spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na migraci a integraci ro\u010dn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/wirtschaft\/article248386590\/Flucht-und-Migration-kosten-dieses-Jahr-fast-50-Milliarden-Euro.html\"><span>kolem 50 miliard eur<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u2013 prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b na rekonstrukci prost\u011b chyb\u011bj\u00ed. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se ot\u00e1zka: kdo by to m\u011bl platit? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ti sam\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e st\u00e9naj\u00ed pod t\u00edhou vlastn\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pro vracej\u00edc\u00ed se voj\u00e1ky by to mohlo znamenat, \u017ee najdou zemi, kterou sotva poznaj\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od obdob\u00ed po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kdy k babyboomu p\u0159isp\u011bli navracej\u00edc\u00ed se voj\u00e1ci, mnoho Ukrajinek v plodn\u00e9m v\u011bku ji\u017e zemi opustilo. Veter\u00e1ni by se mohli ocitnout na trhu pr\u00e1ce, kde mus\u00ed konkurovat n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdm konkurent\u016fm z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ukrajina \u010del\u00ed bezprecedentn\u00edmu demografick\u00e9mu experimentu \u2013 s nejist\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem. Zat\u00edmco zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l ji\u017e raz\u00ed cestu masivn\u00ed imigraci, ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda je to skute\u010dn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta pro zemi, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti plat\u00ed za svou nez\u00e1vislost vysokou cenu v krvi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-71983\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/aaa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"89\" height=\"23\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V zemi, kter\u00e1 u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou trp\u011bla nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fabytkem populace v Evrop\u011b, se r\u00fdsuje dal\u0161\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":72340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2284,26,2228],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72339"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72339\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}