{"id":7216,"date":"2021-12-31T02:03:20","date_gmt":"2021-12-31T01:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=7216"},"modified":"2021-12-31T02:04:07","modified_gmt":"2021-12-31T01:04:07","slug":"svycarsko-vratit-nebo-vystavovat-kradena-dila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/12\/31\/svycarsko-vratit-nebo-vystavovat-kradena-dila\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160v\u00fdcarsko: Vr\u00e1tit nebo vystavovat kraden\u00e1 d\u00edla?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Stalo se ot\u00e1zkou, kdy\u017e v \u0159\u00edjnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku zbra\u0148ov\u00fd magn\u00e1t Emil Georg B\u00fchrle v Kunsthausu Z\u00fcrich vystavil svou um\u011bleckou sb\u00edrku – bez jak\u00e9hokoli kontextu pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky. V nov\u00e9 budov\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 britsk\u00fdm hv\u011bzdn\u00fdm architektem Davidem Chipperfieldem se ale dostala pod palbu kritiky kv\u016fli sb\u011bratelov\u011b problematick\u00e9 historii: B\u00fchrle se narodil v N\u011bmecku a jako v\u00fdrobce zbran\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku velmi zbohatl – dod\u00e1val v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zbran\u011b zejm\u00e9na nacistick\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku. Ztohoto krvav\u00e9ho zisku, jak zd\u016fraznila ARD, vybudoval sb\u00edrku um\u011bn\u00ed kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje kolem 170 d\u011bl, v\u011bt\u0161inou modern\u00edch a francouzsk\u00fdch impresionistick\u00fdch klasik\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/div>\n

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Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee B\u00fchrle mnoho z nich z\u00edskal b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky a 13 d\u011bl bylo identifikov\u00e1no jako uloupen\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 musel vr\u00e1tit, ale pozd\u011bji jich dev\u011bt znovu koupil. Hlavn\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes: Ve sb\u00edrce je i takzvan\u00e9 uprchlick\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed \u2013 d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 jejich \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed majitel\u00e9 byli donuceni situac\u00ed v nouzi prodat. V Europamagazinu ARD 22. \u0159\u00edjna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku byla tato skute\u010dnost odhalena, ale n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci Kunsthausu se to ale p\u0159esn\u011b nedozv\u011bd\u00ed o jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce jde, proto\u017ee Dokumenta\u010dn\u00ed centrum, kter\u00e9 se m\u00e1 zab\u00fdvat je odd\u011blen\u00e9 od um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u016fraz je kladen na historii samotn\u00e9ho sb\u011bratele a zn\u00e1m\u00fd historik Erich Keller p\u0159\u00edstup kritizuje, \u017ee historie a osudy \u017eidovsk\u00fdch rodin za um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly z\u016fstaly neviditeln\u00e9. Spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi historiky by m\u011bl proto zpracovat historii B\u00fchrleho a zkoumat p\u016fvod d\u011bl a m\u011bsto a kanton Curych pro tento \u00fa\u010del z\u0159\u00eddily komisi historik\u016f. Na zpr\u00e1v\u011b v\u0161ak pracovala i samotn\u00e1 B\u00fchrleho nadace pro n\u00ed\u017e od za\u010d\u00e1tku existovala omezen\u00ed a proto je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it od nuly: nez\u00e1visle, transparentn\u011b, v\u0161e v jeden mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed projekt.<\/p>\n

Spor o to, jak nalo\u017eit s um\u011bn\u00edm ukraden\u00fdm za nacistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry, se dostal a\u017e ke \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b a nyn\u00ed svol\u00e1v\u00e1 komisi historik\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 domy v zemi se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno vydaly r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami. \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd den informuj\u00ed o nov\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji ve sporu o nacisty uloupen\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm spor o B\u00fchrleho sb\u00edrku, jednu z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch soukrom\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch sb\u00edrek, nab\u00fdv\u00e1 podle listu \u201eNeue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung\u201c \u201ebizarn\u00edch podob\u201c. Dodnes nebyl objasn\u011bn p\u016fvod mnoha z des\u00edtek obraz\u016f ve sb\u00edrce Emila B\u00fchrleho, kter\u00e9 jsou tam vystaveny.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd obchodn\u00edk se zbran\u011bmi n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu vyu\u017eil sv\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch kontakt\u016f k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ukraden\u00fdch d\u011bl z \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho majetku. I po roce 1945 ve velk\u00e9m nakupoval drancovan\u00fd a uprchlick\u00fd majetek. B\u00fchrleho nadace byla obvin\u011bna z nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 transparentnosti v\u016f\u010di ve\u0159ejnosti a d\u011bdicov\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edka Maxe Emdena ned\u00e1vno po\u017eadovali navr\u00e1cen\u00ed Monetova obrazu „Pole vl\u010d\u00edch m\u00e1k\u016f“, kter\u00fd musel prodat v „politick\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed nouzi“. B\u00fchrleho nadace tomu tak\u00e9 i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odporuje.<\/p>\n

Na senza\u010dn\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 konferenci, jak ji charakterizovalo \u017eenevsk\u00e9 studio ARD v polovin\u011b leto\u0161n\u00edho prosince, odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u0159editel B\u00fchrleho nadace Lukas Gloor prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku nelze obecn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee kulturn\u00ed statky byly \u201esta\u017eeny v d\u016fsledku pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, proto\u017ee za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tak\u00e9 existoval \u201e\u00fapln\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod s um\u011bn\u00edm\u201c a ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku \u017did\u00e9 nikdy nebyli pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni st\u00e1tem. Ministr kultury soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokrat Alain Berset ale po\u017eaduje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 komise historik\u016f, kter\u00e1 by urovnala p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 spory s d\u011bdici, proto\u017ee \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159koalice v Bernu zat\u00edm necht\u011bla m\u00edt nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edm sen\u00e1tem podle vzoru n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Limbachsk\u00e9 komise.<\/p>\n

D\u011bdicov\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00fdch sb\u011bratel\u016f um\u011bn\u00ed se mohou zat\u00edm obr\u00e1tit na \u201ePoradn\u00ed komisi v souvislosti s navracen\u00edm kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f zabaven\u00fdch v d\u016fsledku nacistick\u00e9 perzekuce, zejm\u00e9na z \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho majetku\u201c, kterou zalo\u017eila b\u00fdval\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed soudkyn\u011b Jutta Limbachov\u00e1, pokud se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich um\u011bleck\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty jsou v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch. Komise pot\u00e9 prozkoum\u00e1 historick\u00e1 fakta a p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1vrh ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m a dosud se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout sm\u00edrn\u00e9 dohody. Obrazy byly rodin\u00e1m bu\u010f vr\u00e1ceny, nebo byla uhrazena jejich sou\u010dasn\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed hodnota.<\/p>\n

Gurlittova sb\u00edrka putovala do Bernu a Kunstmuseum Bern ji\u017e z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy postupovalo \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b: T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset let po velkolep\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu um\u011bn\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m byt\u011b Cornelia Gurlitta v Mnichov\u011b chce n\u011bkter\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla vr\u00e1tit pr\u00e1voplatn\u00fdm d\u011bdic\u016fm. Gurlitt\u016fv otec Hildebrand Gurlitt byl n\u00e1kup\u010d\u00edm pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho \u201eF\u00fchrermusea\u201c v Linci z roku 1943 \u2013 a tajn\u011b zalo\u017eil vlastn\u00ed sb\u00edrku. Celkem sv\u00e9mu synovi zanechal kolem 1600 um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl. Ne\u017e Cornelius Gurlitt v roce 2014 zem\u0159el, odk\u00e1zal svou sb\u00edrku Kunstmuseum Bern.<\/p>\n

V letech od t\u00e9 doby se p\u00e1tralo po p\u016fvodu d\u011bl z Gurlittovy sb\u00edrky. Nyn\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed vr\u00e1tit dv\u011b d\u00edla Otto Dixe, \u201eDompteuse\u201c a \u201eDame in der Loge\u201c, komunit\u011b d\u011bdic\u016f Ismara Littmanna a Paula Sch\u00e4fera. Toto je jen za\u010d\u00e1tek: dal\u0161\u00edch 36 d\u011bl m\u00e1 b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e restituov\u00e1no. Vzhledem k velk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu d\u011bl, kter\u00e9 se do \u0160v\u00fdcarska dostaly jednozna\u010dn\u011b z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka jde o spor, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee t\u00e1hnout desetilet\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 tak ot\u00e1zka maj\u00ed b\u00fdt v helvetsk\u00e9 konfederaci do doby vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nad\u00e1le tato d\u00edla vystavov\u00e1na, nebo je vhodn\u00e9 je deponovat a pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost je skr\u00fdt? Jak prohl\u00e1sil jeden odborn\u00edk je to hamletovsk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Richard Seemann<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stalo se ot\u00e1zkou, kdy\u017e v \u0159\u00edjnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku zbra\u0148ov\u00fd magn\u00e1t Emil Georg B\u00fchrle v Kunsthausu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1641,664,467],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7216\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}