{"id":71568,"date":"2025-02-05T00:37:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T23:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=71568"},"modified":"2025-02-04T16:15:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T15:15:42","slug":"glenn-diesen-vyhlasily-usa-konec-unipolarniho-svetoveho-radu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/05\/glenn-diesen-vyhlasily-usa-konec-unipolarniho-svetoveho-radu\/","title":{"rendered":"Glenn Diesen: Vyhl\u00e1sily USA konec unipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marco Rubio poskytl 30. ledna 2025 rozhovor s Megyn Kelly, kter\u00fd by mohl znamenat za\u010d\u00e1tek konce americk\u00e9 hegemonick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie. Rubio uznal, \u017ee unipolarita, p\u0159\u00edtomnost centra moci ve sv\u011bt\u011b, byla do\u010dasn\u00fdm jevem, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed skon\u010dil:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, aby sv\u011bt m\u011bl jednodu\u0161e unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed moc. To nebylo \u2013 to byla anom\u00e1lie. Byl to produkt konce studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se vr\u00e1t\u00edte do bodu, kdy m\u00e1te multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011bt, n\u011bkolik velmoc\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech planety.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Rubio tvrdil, \u017ee hegemonn\u00ed pozice USA vedla k oslaben\u00ed vestf\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1tech a nahradila jej globalistick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, v n\u011bm\u017e si USA n\u00e1rokovaly roli sv\u011btov\u00e9ho policisty:<\/span><\/p>\n

„A mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to bylo ztraceno na konci studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, proto\u017ee jsme byli jedinou mocnost\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, a tak jsme p\u0159evzali odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1t se v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech sv\u011btovou vl\u00e1dou a sna\u017eit se vy\u0159e\u0161it v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Rubio m\u00e1 na mysli konec unipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd se objevil po studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, a pot\u0159ebu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed realit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co je multipolarita?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud unipolarita skon\u010d\u00ed, co je multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se vr\u00e1t\u00ed? Od vestf\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho m\u00edru v roce 1648 je modern\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een na principu multipolarity a rovnov\u00e1hy sil, aby se omezily expanzivn\u00ed a hegemonick\u00e9 aspirace st\u00e1t\u016f. Multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed moci ur\u010duje, co tvo\u0159\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010del diplomacie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e existuje mnoho mocensk\u00fdch center, bezpe\u010dnost znamen\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee mezi st\u00e1ty. Konflikty vznikaj\u00ed z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee, proto\u017ee snahy jednoho st\u00e1tu o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vlastn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly, sni\u017euj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost ostatn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. \u201eNed\u011bliteln\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost\u201c je tedy kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm principem v multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnost nelze d\u011blit \u2013 bu\u010f existuje bezpe\u010dnost pro v\u0161echny, nebo neexistuje bezpe\u010dnost pro v\u0161echny. Jak\u00fdkoli pokus st\u00e1tu z\u00edskat nadvl\u00e1du proto vyvol\u00e1 velmocensk\u00e9 konflikty, proto\u017ee donut\u00ed ostatn\u00ed mocnosti spolupracovat na vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho hegemona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomacie v multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zlep\u0161it vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm a nal\u00e9zt kompromis, kter\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f. Je nezbytn\u00e9 v\u017e\u00edt se do k\u016f\u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtele a uznat, \u017ee pokud se vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed obavy o bezpe\u010dnost nep\u0159\u00edtele, zlep\u0161\u00ed se i va\u0161e vlastn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unipolarita<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Unipolarita byla po studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce oslavov\u00e1na, proto\u017ee byla zalo\u017eena na dobr\u00fdch \u00famyslech. My\u0161lenka byla takov\u00e1, \u017ee velmoci by se nepou\u0161t\u011bly do soupe\u0159en\u00ed a sout\u011b\u017ee o bezpe\u010dnost, pokud by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 napadnout benign\u00edho hegemona Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie USA byla zalo\u017eena na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee neexistuje mo\u017enost a pot\u0159eba konkurovat vl\u00eddn\u00e9 hegemonii USA. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed prvenstv\u00ed USA by nav\u00edc tak\u00e9 zajistilo, \u017ee budou prosazov\u00e1ny liber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty. Unipolarita v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed na udr\u017een\u00ed rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se mocnost\u00ed na uzd\u011b, kter\u00e9 proto maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Liber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty by byly zka\u017een\u00e9, proto\u017ee by byly pou\u017eity k legitimizaci suver\u00e9nn\u00ed nerovnosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k z\u00e1sahu v ka\u017ed\u00e9m kout\u011b sv\u011bta. Dokonce i Charles Krauthammer, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il a oslavoval term\u00edn \u201eunipol\u00e1rn\u00ed moment\u201c, uznal, \u017ee jde o do\u010dasn\u00fd jev vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnost v unipol\u00e1rn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu neznamenala \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konkurence. Bezpe\u010dnost naopak z\u00e1visela na dominanci Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do takov\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd soupe\u0159 nem\u011bl ani tu nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci ji zpochybnit. V roce 2002\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e1 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedla, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dominance \u201eodrad\u00ed budouc\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 konkurenty\u201c a \u017ee USA proto pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zachovat \u201ebezp\u0159\u00edkladnou s\u00edlu americk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil a jejich p\u0159edsunutou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u201c. Hegemonn\u00ed strategie je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d Z\u00e1pad opustil v\u0161echny dohody o komplexn\u00ed panevropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektu\u0159e s Ruskem a m\u00edsto toho se vr\u00e1til k politice bloku roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm NATO sm\u011brem k rusk\u00fdm hranic\u00edm. Ohrozilo by to ruskou bezpe\u010dnost, ale neexistovala by bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konkurence, proto\u017ee Rusko je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e9. V\u0161eobecn\u00fd konsenzus je, \u017ee Rusko se mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit nov\u00fdm okolnostem, jinak \u010delit NATO, kter\u00e9 ho obkl\u00ed\u010dilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomacie v r\u00e1mci unipolarity tak\u00e9 skon\u010dila. Diplomacie ji\u017e neznamenala uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch obav a hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ned\u011blitelnou bezpe\u010dnost. M\u00edsto toho byla diplomacie nahrazena jazykem ultim\u00e1t a hrozeb, proto\u017ee ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty by musely p\u0159ijmout jednostrann\u00e9 \u00fastupky. V minulosti z\u00e1padn\u00ed politici a m\u00e9dia diskutovali o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch obav\u00e1ch oponent\u016f s c\u00edlem zm\u00edrnit bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konkurenci. Po studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce z\u00e1padn\u00ed politici a m\u00e9dia z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159estali diskutovat o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch obav\u00e1ch oponent\u016f, proto\u017ee necht\u011bli \u201elegitimizovat\u201c my\u0161lenku, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed hegemonii lze pova\u017eovat za hrozbu jako \u201es\u00edlu dobra\u201c. Kdy\u017e Z\u00e1pad rozm\u00edstil sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly na hranic\u00edch jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed, tvrdilo se, \u017ee to p\u0159inese demokracii, stabilitu a m\u00edr. Nav\u00edc konflikty, kter\u00e9 zpochyb\u0148ovaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed dominanci, nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vy\u0159e\u0161it diplomaticky. Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed rusk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch obav v souvislosti nap\u0159\u00edklad s invaz\u00ed NATO na Ukrajinu by znamenalo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed hegemonick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Zat\u00edmco NATO t\u0159i roky odm\u00edtalo diplomacii, zat\u00edmco v prvn\u00ed linii um\u00edraly statis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f, Rubio nyn\u00ed navrhuje zah\u00e1jit diplomacii a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u201emus\u00edme b\u00fdt realist\u00e9, \u017ee Ukrajina prohr\u00e1la\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fvod k optimismu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Na konci dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let psal Antonio Gramsci o neklidn\u00e9 dob\u011b jako o obdob\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dy. Gramsci napsal: \u201eKrize spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom, \u017ee star\u00e9 um\u00edr\u00e1 a nov\u00e9 se nem\u016f\u017ee zrodit; B\u011bhem tohoto interregna se objevuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Velmocensk\u00e9 konflikty v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b jsou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zp\u016fsobeny t\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u011bt je v p\u0159echodn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi mezi unipolaritou a multipolaritou. Z\u00e1pad se sna\u017e\u00ed porazit sv\u00e9 soupe\u0159e, aby obnovil unipolaritu z 90. let, zat\u00edmco naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina sv\u011bta se sna\u017e\u00ed dokon\u010dit p\u0159echod k multipolarit\u011b. Vzhledem k obav\u00e1m USA z neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho dluhu, kolektivn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany protivn\u00edk\u016f a rostouc\u00ed mo\u017enosti jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se zd\u00e1, \u017ee roste ochota opustit do\u010dasn\u00fd projekt unipolarity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Glenn Diesen<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marco Rubio poskytl 30. ledna 2025 rozhovor s Megyn Kelly, kter\u00fd by mohl…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,5176,8545,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71568\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}