{"id":71528,"date":"2025-02-04T00:47:44","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T23:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=71528"},"modified":"2025-02-03T19:05:43","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T18:05:43","slug":"uriel-araujo-madarsko-a-polsko-by-si-mohly-narokovat-uzemi-ukrajiny-uprostred-etnickeho-napeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/04\/uriel-araujo-madarsko-a-polsko-by-si-mohly-narokovat-uzemi-ukrajiny-uprostred-etnickeho-napeti\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Ma\u010farsko a Polsko by si mohly n\u00e1rokovat \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny uprost\u0159ed etnick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ukrajinsk\u00fd politik Spiridon Kilinkarov, b\u00fdval\u00fd poslanec Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rady,\u00a0<\/span>varuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fazemn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky Ma\u010farska a Polska na \u010d\u00e1sti Ukrajiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politik \u0159ekl, \u017ee a\u017e dojde k \u201ekolapsu\u201c Ukrajiny, \u201ePol\u00e1ci a Ma\u010fa\u0159i si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budou n\u00e1rokovat \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c. Dodal, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka pr\u00e1v n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch men\u0161in \u201ezp\u016fsobuje velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a obavy na ukrajinsk\u00e9 stran\u011b\u201c. Toto ukrajinsk\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed zajistit takov\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va zase roz\u010diluje sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, jako je Ma\u010farsko a Polsko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obavy, kter\u00e9 Kilinkarov vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1, maj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd z\u00e1klad ve skute\u010dnosti, jejich \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextem je rostouc\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi nov\u00fdm st\u00e1tem Ukrajina a jeho sousedy (kter\u00e9 zase \u010dasto maj\u00ed hodn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s etnopolitikou). Zva\u017ete toto:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce vydalo ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Ukrajiny\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, v n\u011bm\u017e tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraveno \u201e\u00a0<\/span>nahradit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c Ma\u010farsko v NATO a EU: \u201eUkrajina by byla p\u0159ipravena zaplnit jak\u00e9koli voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto v EU a NATO, pokud se Ma\u010farsko rozhodne je uvolnit ve prosp\u011bch \u010dlenstv\u00ed v SNS nebo CSTO\u201c. Ma\u010farsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Peter Szijjarto zase\u00a0<\/span>obvinil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Kyjev ze zhor\u0161en\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Evropy t\u00edm, \u017ee odm\u00edtl obnovit p\u011btiletou dohodu o tranzitu plynu s Moskvou. Bukure\u0161\u0165 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed zp\u016fsobilo 20procentn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst cen zemn\u00edho plynu na evropsk\u00fdch trz\u00edch. Ma\u010farsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span>hrozil zablokov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sankc\u00ed EU proti Rusku, ale\u00a0po intenzivn\u00edm tlaku a jedn\u00e1n\u00edch od nich\u00a0<\/span>ustoupil .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

2. Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Ukrajinou a Ma\u010farskem v\u0161ak p\u0159esahuje ot\u00e1zku Ruska a energetick\u00e9\/plynov\u00e9 politiky. N\u011bkdo si mo\u017en\u00e1 vzpomene, \u017ee novin\u00e1\u0159 Ra\u00fal S\u00e1nchez Costa, p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro El Pais, v roce 2023\u00a0<\/span>informoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o tom, jak zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s rumunsk\u00fdmi a ma\u010farsk\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi etnick\u00fdmi komunitami na Ukrajin\u011b rozl\u00edtilo tyto dv\u011b sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b. Ma\u010farsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v Bukure\u0161ti tehdy obvinily Kyjev z \u201ezbavov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u201c a \u201eobt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c ma\u010farsk\u00e9 (ma\u010farsk\u00e9) men\u0161iny v Zakarpatsk\u00e9 oblasti. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed (je\u0161t\u011b ve funkci) ma\u010farsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Peter Szijj\u00e1rt\u00f3 dokonce prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee z\u00e1le\u017eitost m\u016f\u017ee zkomplikovat p\u0159\u00edpadnou ma\u010farskou podporu Ukrajin\u011b v pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm konfliktu s Ruskem. Dodal\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed jen bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, ale m\u011bla by b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako \u201eneakceptovateln\u00e1\u201c i Evropskou uni\u00ed (EU), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee Kyjev mus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat pravidla EU (t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch men\u0161in), pokud se chce p\u0159ipojit spole\u010dn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd blok.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ned\u00e1vno tak\u00e9 Ben\u00e1tsk\u00e1 komise vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila\u00a0<\/span>sv\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0znepokojen\u00ed nad t\u00edm, jak Ukrajina zach\u00e1z\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi\u00a0<\/span>etnick\u00fdmi men\u0161inami<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(v\u010detn\u011b etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f).<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Od nacionalistick\u00e9 revoluce na Majdanu v roce 2014 hraje krajn\u00ed pravice, v\u010detn\u011b jej\u00edch ozbrojen\u00fdch a neonacistick\u00fdch slo\u017eek, st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli v ukrajinsk\u00e9 politice, nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>pluk Azov<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je toho jen nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Jak jsem ji\u017e psal d\u0159\u00edve, byly u\u010din\u011bny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 kroky k ustaven\u00ed ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>konfederace<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2014 bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma zem\u011bmi v\u0161ak \u010dasto po\u0161kozuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se\u00a0<\/span>historie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a politiky pam\u011bti: je\u0161t\u011b v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024, t\u00e9ma voly\u0148sk\u00fdch masakr\u016f bylo op\u011bt p\u0159edm\u011btem bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>krize<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Kyjev odm\u00edtl\u00a0<\/span>povolit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0exhumaci ob\u011bt\u00ed takov\u00fdch masakr\u016f, zat\u00edmco pachatel\u00e9 Ukrajinsk\u00e9 povstaleck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (kte\u0159\u00ed byli nacistick\u00fdmi kolaboranty a sp\u00e1chali\u00a0<\/span>genocidu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Pol\u00e1kech) jsou dnes na Ukrajin\u011b oslavov\u00e1ni jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se sousedn\u00edm Rumunskem jsou tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9: stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sousedn\u00edho Polska a Ma\u010farska ukrajinsk\u00fd radik\u00e1ln\u00ed nacionalismus a jeho \u0161ovinistick\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>jazykov\u00e1 politika<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vytvo\u0159ily na dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b\u00a0<\/span>etnick\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a vnitron\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 by v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti mohlo d\u00e1le ovlivnit bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy s Rumunskem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad etni\u010dt\u00ed Rumuni na Ukrajin\u011b dokonce hl\u00e1sili n\u011bkolik\u00a0<\/span>incident\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed rumunsk\u00fdch kostel\u016f a \u00fatoky proti duchovn\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. S \u0158eckem jsou podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my: nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Volodomyr Zelenskyj v roce 2022 promluvil v \u0159eck\u00e9m parlamentu, bylo p\u0159ehr\u00e1no video, na kter\u00e9m byl zachycen p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho pluku Azov, kter\u00fd se ozna\u010dil za etnick\u00e9ho \u0158eka. To vyvolalo\u00a0<\/span>pobou\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a bylo interpretov\u00e1no jako\u00a0<\/span>provokace<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: Azov a dal\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 a polovojensk\u00e9 ultranacionalistick\u00e9 elementy byly obvin\u011bny z\u00a0<\/span>terorismu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0etnick\u00fdch \u0158ek\u016f v\u00a0<\/span>Mariupolu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a oblasti Donbasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem ke v\u0161emu v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee v postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a dokonce i v kavkazsk\u00e9 oblasti nen\u00ed celkov\u00e1 situace s hranicemi ani zdaleka vy\u0159e\u0161enou a (stejn\u011b jako v postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed Africe) st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b jakousi nevy\u0159e\u0161enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, s \u0159adou zamrzl\u00fdch konflikt\u016f a neuznan\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a\/nebo zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 omezily nebo zpochybnily uzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro ilustraci lze uv\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edpady Podn\u011bst\u0159\u00ed (n\u00e1rokov\u00e1no Moldavskem), Abch\u00e1zie a Ji\u017en\u00ed Osetie (oba n\u00e1rokuje Gruzie), arm\u00e9nskou exkl\u00e1vu Artsakh nebo N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach (ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>obsazen\u00fd \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). p\u00e1r. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mimochodem nenese \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159\u00edmou ruskou \u00fa\u010dast, pokud jde o n\u00e1roky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto Ukrajina, tak jak je situov\u00e1na v tomto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm postsov\u011btsk\u00e9m kontextu, nen\u00ed v t\u00e9to v\u011bci v\u016fbec sama a\u00a0<\/span>Donbass<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Krym<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsou pal\u010div\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu \u010dasto zapom\u00ednanou skute\u010dnost, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t bombarduje\u00a0<\/span>oblast Donbasu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e bylo (do roku 2022) \u010dasto popisov\u00e1no jako evropsk\u00e1 \u201ezapomenut\u00e1 v\u00e1lka\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed Ukrajiny se sv\u00fdmi sousedy je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zp\u016fsobeno ot\u00e1zkou etnick\u00fdch ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v men\u0161in na Ukrajin\u011b od ultranacionalistick\u00e9 revoluce v roce 2014. Kyjevsk\u00fd agresivn\u00ed a \u0161ovinistick\u00fd nacionalismus odcizuje sv\u00e9 sousedy a je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba. V\u011bc tak p\u0159esahuje i rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 vztahy. Krajn\u00ed pravice v Polsku i\u00a0<\/span>Ma\u010farsku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0m\u00e1 n\u00e1roky na sousedn\u00ed regiony na Ukrajin\u011b a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 politika Kyjeva v tomto ohledu rozhodn\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepom\u00e1h\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let Mark von Hagen v \u010dl\u00e1nku nazvan\u00e9m: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>M\u00e1 Ukrajina historii?<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, skv\u011ble napsal n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: \u201edne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajina je velmi modern\u00ed v\u00fdtvor, s mal\u00fdm pevn\u011b zaveden\u00fdm precedentem v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed minulosti. Psal o riziku \u201ep\u0159ehnan\u00e9ho zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed [ukrajinsk\u00e9ho] nacionalismu a etnicity, aby se kompenzovalo p\u0159edchoz\u00ed podd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c. To byl projekt politick\u00e9 elity zem\u011b p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let \u2013 a v roce 2014 nabral ost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed obrat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ano, to \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin , ale a\u0165 u\u017e se n\u011bkomu l\u00edb\u00ed rusk\u00fd v\u016fdce nebo ne, probl\u00e9m nezmiz\u00ed ani nep\u0159estane b\u00fdt pravdou jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee Putin \u0159ekl tot\u00e9\u017e. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>etnokratick\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak<\/span><\/a>\u00a0si tento ukrajinsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod p\u0159edstavuje sv\u00fdmi sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi elitami, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm problematick\u00fd a je budov\u00e1n zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd (podle Nicolaie N. Petro,\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00edho pro Foreign Policy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) prost\u011b\u00a0odcizuje\u00a0<\/span>a vylu\u010duje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st jeho populace, a dokonce i spojenci jako\u00a0<\/span>Polsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a Rumunsko a st\u00e1ty jako \u0158ecko \u2013 nemluv\u011b o sousedn\u00edm Ma\u010farsku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ukrajinsk\u00fd politik Spiridon Kilinkarov, b\u00fdval\u00fd poslanec Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rady,\u00a0varuje\u00a0p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fazemn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky Ma\u010farska a Polska na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,78,31,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}