{"id":71365,"date":"2025-02-02T00:40:15","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T23:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=71365"},"modified":"2025-02-01T08:47:56","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T07:47:56","slug":"indie-odmita-byt-americkym-utocnym-psem-proti-cine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/02\/02\/indie-odmita-byt-americkym-utocnym-psem-proti-cine\/","title":{"rendered":"Indie odm\u00edt\u00e1 b\u00fdt americk\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdm psem proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco Washington prosazuje proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 aliance, Dill\u00ed postupuje opatrn\u011b, proto\u017ee v\u00ed, \u017ee jeho soused tu z\u016fstane<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Galwan je jednou z mnoha him\u00e1lajsk\u00fdch \u0159ek. \u00dazk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u010dka, m\u00edsty skoro potok, jinde rozbou\u0159en\u00e1, kyp\u00edc\u00ed masa ledov\u00e9 vody p\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se na skal\u00e1ch. \u0158eka, o kter\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011blo jen m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed krom\u011b geograf\u016f, diplomat\u016f a vojensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu \u2013 \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f v Dill\u00ed a \u0160r\u00ednagaru a oby\u010dejn\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u011b hl\u00eddkovali na sporn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Linie skute\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly mezi Indi\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou \u2013 se najednou v roce \u010dervna 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, doslova p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 celost\u00e1tn\u00ed karant\u00e9ny v Indii a \u010c\u00edn\u011b kv\u016fli pandemii Covid-19, se na jej\u00edch b\u0159ez\u00edch odehr\u00e1la ne neobvykl\u00e1 poty\u010dka mezi hl\u00eddkami. Indi\u010dt\u00ed a \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci hl\u00eddkuj\u00ed bez ostr\u00e9 munice v souladu s dohodou z roku 1996 a takov\u00e9 epizody obvykle kon\u010d\u00ed tuctem mod\u0159in a boul\u00ed a n\u011bkolika zlomeninami. Ale tentokr\u00e1t ne: pokud v\u00edme, jeden z nov\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch velitel\u016f odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za tuto oblast se rozhodl p\u0159ed Indy a sv\u00fdmi nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi demonstrovat svou nekompromisn\u00ed povahu, iniciativu a taktick\u00e9 nad\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nehodl\u00e1 ustoupit: ned\u00e1vno n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Bipin Rawat prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ezkoumat priority a strukturu vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f, a pohrozil zmrazen\u00edm programu v\u00fdstavby t\u0159et\u00ed letadlov\u00e9 lodi pro n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo a arm\u00e1du. kontrakt na n\u00e1kup 110 st\u00edha\u010dek z Izraele. Arm\u00e1da m\u011bla p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost jasn\u011b prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee jej\u00ed v\u00fddaje by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt kr\u00e1ceny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek st\u0159etu v \u00fadol\u00ed Galwan Indii \u0161okoval. Zahynulo 20 lid\u00ed a ani jedna strana nepou\u017eila st\u0159eln\u00e9 zbran\u011b \u2013 sta\u010dila zran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1dem z \u00fatesu, rychl\u00fd tok ledov\u00e9 \u0159eky a nedostatek l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 hl\u00e1sili \u010dty\u0159i sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zabit\u00e9, zat\u00edmco indick\u00e1 m\u00e9dia pozd\u011bji obvinila \u010c\u00ed\u0148any ze zatajov\u00e1n\u00ed ztr\u00e1t a psala o 40 mrtv\u00fdch voj\u00e1c\u00edch CHKO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak \u010di onak indick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, ji\u017e frustrovan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm blokov\u00e1n\u00edm a vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vami z nemocnic s Covid-19, po\u017eadovala tvrdou odpov\u011b\u010f od vl\u00e1dy premi\u00e9ra Narendry Modiho a indick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady byly nuceny vyj\u00edt voli\u010d\u016fm vst\u0159\u00edc na p\u016fli cesty. V\u0161e, \u010deho se M\u00f3d\u00edmu a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu prezidentovi Si \u0164in-pchingovi poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout v bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztaz\u00edch b\u011bhem p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dvou let, \u0161lo do kanalizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modi nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u010c\u00ednu v dubnu 2018, ne\u010dekan\u011b pro v\u011bt\u0161inu Ind\u016f a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pozorovatel\u016f. Vztahy mezi Dill\u00ed a Pekingem tehdy nebyly ide\u00e1ln\u00ed: Indy vyd\u011bsila rostouc\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a oblasti Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, kde v roce 2016 za\u010dali \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 budovat n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu v D\u017eibuti. Indov\u00e9 byli podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bni podporou, kterou \u010c\u00edna poskytovala jejich dlouhodob\u00e9mu protivn\u00edkovi P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc neuplynul ani rok od patov\u00e9 situace na n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b Doklam, kde indick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da p\u0159i\u0161la na pomoc bh\u00fat\u00e1nsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b a zabr\u00e1nila \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016fm jednostrann\u011b upravit hrani\u010dn\u00ed linii ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva i jej\u00ed v\u00fdsledek proto p\u0159ekvapily: jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhala v mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a pojem\u00a0<\/span>\u201educh Wuhan\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pevn\u011b vstoupil do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, analogicky s pojmem\u00a0<\/span>\u201educh \u0160anghaje, \u201d<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0ozna\u010duje atmosf\u00e9ru vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry, porozum\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ipravenosti ke spolupr\u00e1ci.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok Xi Jinping nav\u0161t\u00edvil Modi v Mahabalipuram. Tam, podle zpr\u00e1v z m\u00e9di\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span>\u201educh Wuhan\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlil. Pak za\u010dala pandemie a do\u0161lo k incidentu v \u00fadol\u00ed Galwan, kter\u00fd uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee ty nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny se mohou zhroutit kv\u016fli o\u0161kliv\u00e9mu viru v kombinaci s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 proaktivn\u00edm velitelem pod\u00e9l sporn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti hranice.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e o p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji, p\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>osobn\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed Modiho a Si \u0164in-pchinga<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na summitu BRICS v rusk\u00e9 Kazani, se kone\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo oto\u010dit galwanskou str\u00e1nku v historii bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f. K plnohodnotn\u00e9mu vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech probl\u00e9m\u016f je je\u0161t\u011b daleko a je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy mluvit o n\u00e1vratu\u00a0<\/span>\u201ewuhansk\u00e9ho ducha\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Brzy po kaza\u0148sk\u00e9m summitu v\u0161ak ob\u011b strany st\u00e1hly sv\u00e9 s\u00edly z hranice a dohodly se na pl\u00e1nech hl\u00eddek, aby se vyhnuly budouc\u00edm st\u0159et\u016fm ve sporn\u00fdch oblastech. Na\u00a0<\/span>ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Wang Yi a indick\u00e9ho poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost Ajita Dovala se strany dohodly na \u0161estibodov\u00e9m programu dal\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce ohledn\u011b hranice. Indie, kter\u00e1 se je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno d\u00edvala na sv\u00e9ho severn\u00edho souseda v Himal\u00e1j\u00edch s demonstrativn\u00edm podez\u0159en\u00edm, n\u00e1hle zm\u011bnila sv\u016fj hn\u011bv na milost, a to ne bezd\u016fvodn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e doned\u00e1vna Indie \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bla politiku \u201eDuobus litigantibus tertius gaudet\u201c (t\u0159et\u00ed strana se bav\u00ed, zat\u00edmco dva bojuj\u00ed). Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit r\u016fstu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 moci a jej\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b ve vedouc\u00ed sv\u011btovou ekonomiku, jsou p\u0159ipraveni za sinofobii bohat\u011b zaplatit. Indie m\u00e1 tak v\u00fdhodnou strategickou pozici, \u017ee j\u00ed USA pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee existuj\u00ed a maj\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed spor s \u010c\u00ednou \u2013 dokud se to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed a Indie a \u010c\u00edna se nestanou nejlep\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dill\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e rozum\u00ed tomu, co p\u0159esn\u011b USA od Ind\u016f cht\u011bj\u00ed, ale nevid\u00ed to jako zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, pokud se americk\u00e9 a indick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy shoduj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani Indie, ani USA necht\u011bj\u00ed vid\u011bt \u010c\u00ednu jako jedinou sv\u011btovou supervelmoc a jedin\u00fd p\u00f3l moci v Asii. Indick\u00e9 elity si v\u0161ak uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna z mapy sv\u011bta nezmiz\u00ed a nav\u017edy z\u016fstane sousedem Indie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd konflikt v sou\u010dasnosti m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu vy\u00fastit v obrovsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a Indie nem\u00e1 d\u016fvod slep\u011b podporovat americkou strategii, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny v\u00fdhody v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jej\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 realizace p\u0159ipadnou USA. zat\u00edmco Indie bude m\u00edt mod\u0159iny.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201eincidentem na Galwanu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0se Indie docela \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pokou\u0161ela sed\u011bt na dvou \u017eidl\u00edch a rozv\u00edjela ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy jak se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, tak s \u010c\u00ednou. V t\u00e9to situaci to byla jedin\u00e1 rozumn\u00e1 strategie.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2014 m\u011bla Indie mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f se svou ekonomikou a M\u00f3d\u00edho vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 v tom roce vyhr\u00e1la volby, zah\u00e1jila bal\u00ed\u010dek program\u016f s c\u00edlem udr\u017eet tempo r\u016fstu alespo\u0148 na \u00farovni 5 % HDP s c\u00edlem za\u010dlenit Indii do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi programy byly rozvoj infrastruktury (v\u00fdstavba silnic a \u017eeleznic, kan\u00e1l\u016f a p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f) a masov\u00e1 rekvalifikace odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se u\u010dili dovednostem, kter\u00e9 jsou v nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna i USA byly pro Indii nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9: pr\u00e1ce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech sektor\u016f indick\u00e9 ekonomiky, od farmacie po IT, z\u00e1visela na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m dovozu a USA byly (a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed) nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm exportn\u00edm trhem pro Indii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po incidentu na Galwanu byla rovnov\u00e1ha zni\u010dena a M\u00f3d\u00edho vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 si uv\u011bdomovala, \u017ee situaci ve vztaz\u00edch s \u010c\u00ednou nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech vy\u0159e\u0161it, se rozhodla z hrani\u010dn\u00edho incidentu vym\u00e1\u010dknout maximum mo\u017en\u00e9ho a chovala se jako d\u016frazn\u011b nevl\u00eddn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a demonstrativn\u011b omezuj\u00edc\u00ed dovoz \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu a p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch firem na indick\u00e9m trhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 neovlivnilo indicko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy \u2013 obchodn\u00ed obrat st\u00e1le roste \u2013 ale z\u00e1padn\u00ed investice do indick\u00e9 ekonomiky vzrostly.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto je v posledn\u00edm roce patrn\u00e1 tendence k poklesu p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic ze z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed. D\u016fvod\u016f je mnoho: probl\u00e9my v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice, kter\u00e9 vyplynuly z ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu, nejistota spojen\u00e1 s americk\u00fdmi volbami a budouc\u00ed politikou Donalda Trumpa a nakonec nenapln\u011bn\u00e9 nad\u011bje na tvrd\u00fd decoupling.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se uk\u00e1zalo, americk\u00e9 a evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se v\u016fbec nechystaj\u00ed urychlen\u011b p\u0159esouvat<\/span>
\nv\u00fdrobu z \u010c\u00edny. Aby indick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady mohly pokra\u010dovat v ji\u017e zah\u00e1jen\u00fdch reformn\u00edch programech a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet vnit\u0159n\u00edm socioekonomick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 investice \u2013 a \u010c\u00edna se ukazuje jako jedin\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed kolo val\u010d\u00edku za \u00fa\u010dasti Pekingu a Dill\u00ed bude m\u00edt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sv\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti. \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 zjevn\u011b nebudou vpu\u0161t\u011bni do p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010dn\u00edch oblast\u00ed a nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch strategick\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a tok FDI bude sm\u011b\u0159ovat do infrastrukturn\u00edch projekt\u016f \u2013 p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na zamezen\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho r\u016fstu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vlivu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Alexey Kupriyanov, <\/strong><\/em>\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0Centra pro indo-pacifick\u00fd region, \u00dastav sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd (IMEMO).<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Alexej<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco Washington prosazuje proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 aliance, Dill\u00ed postupuje opatrn\u011b, proto\u017ee v\u00ed, \u017ee jeho soused tu z\u016fstane…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,79,37,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71365"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71365"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71365\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}