{"id":71249,"date":"2025-01-31T00:31:29","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T23:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=71249"},"modified":"2025-01-30T17:12:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T16:12:43","slug":"uriel-araujo-trumpuv-tvrdy-postoj-k-mexiku-se-vraci-mexiko-diverzifikuje-partnery-a-trumpovo-opatreni-muze-prinest-konflikt-na-domacim-trhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/31\/uriel-araujo-trumpuv-tvrdy-postoj-k-mexiku-se-vraci-mexiko-diverzifikuje-partnery-a-trumpovo-opatreni-muze-prinest-konflikt-na-domacim-trhu\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Trump\u016fv \u201etvrd\u00fd\u201c postoj k Mexiku se vrac\u00ed \u2013 Mexiko diverzifikuje partnery a Trumpovo opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st konflikt na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Mexicko-americk\u00e9 vztahy nebyly nikdy v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii tak napjat\u00e9 jako dnes. Nov\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump pohrozil Mexiku mimo jin\u00e9 25% cly jako odvetu za migranty p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice \u2013 co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b neud\u011blal. Trumpova tvrd\u00e1 r\u00e9torika a opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sousedn\u00edmu Mexiku se v\u0161ak mohou obr\u00e1tit proti. Zva\u017ete toto:<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mexick\u00e9 ve \u010dtvrtek\u00a0odep\u0159ely<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup americk\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu letadlu, kter\u00e9 nemohlo p\u0159ist\u00e1t, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zma\u0159ily pl\u00e1ny Trumpovy administrativy deportovat migranty. D\u016fvody z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejasn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden se vyslanci z 10 americk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (Mexika, Braz\u00edlie, Kolumbie, Venezuely, Kuby, Salvadoru, Guatemaly, Haiti, Hondurasu a Belize) se\u0161li v Mexico City a vydali\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0, v n\u011bm\u017e se zav\u00e1zali k \u201e\u00fazk\u00e9 komunikaci\u201c a bez uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na USA, vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed k respektov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a \u201ehumanistick\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento \u010dtvrtek brazilsk\u00fd prezident Lula da Silva a jeho mexick\u00e1 prot\u011bj\u0161ek Claudia Sheinbaumov\u00e1 telefonicky hovo\u0159ili o region\u00e1ln\u00ed a bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed agend\u011b dvou zem\u00ed. Lula pozval Sheinbauma na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu Braz\u00edlie a oba p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 hovo\u0159ili o pos\u00edlen\u00ed blok\u016f, jako je Spole\u010denstv\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky a Karibiku (CELAC).<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mexick\u00e9 se\u00a0v duchu\u00a0multi-alignmentu<\/a>\u00a0zjevn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed diverzifikovat partnery: nap\u0159\u00edklad, aby \u010delily Trumpov\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m cel, Mexiko a Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) o\u017eivuj\u00ed pozastavenou dohodu o voln\u00e9m obchodu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee ob\u011b strany jsou ter\u010dem Trumpovy \u0161ikany t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se cel a zva\u017euj\u00ed aktualizaci sv\u00e9 dohody z roku 2000 tak, aby krom\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed zahrnovala i investice a slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle tamn\u00edho ministra hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Marcela Ebrarda a ministra zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Juana Ramona de la Fuenteho se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mexick\u00e9 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tak\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed pos\u00edlit sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vztahy s Braz\u00edli\u00ed a Spojen\u00fdmi arabsk\u00fdmi emir\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Alfreda Couti\u00f1a, \u0159editele Moody’s Analytics, m\u00e1 Trumpova vl\u00e1da zav\u00e9st cla ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 % na zbo\u017e\u00ed dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 z Mexika a 5 % na produkty z Braz\u00edlie. Couti\u00f1o, kter\u00fd se k tomu vyj\u00e1d\u0159il b\u011bhem webin\u00e1\u0159e, dodal, \u017ee k odvet\u011b by ob\u011b latinskoamerick\u00e9 zem\u011b m\u011bly p\u0159ijmout protiopat\u0159en\u00ed a rovn\u011b\u017e zav\u00e9st cla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpovy nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 akce proti Mexiku jdou nad r\u00e1mec celn\u00edch hrozeb a militarizaci hranice: za prv\u00e9, americk\u00e9 ministerstvo vnitra pod Trumpem ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnilo n\u00e1zev Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu na \u201eAmerick\u00fd z\u00e1liv\u201c, zat\u00edmco Trump prohl\u00e1sil: \u201e Je to n\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1liv. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1zev je Americk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a tak by jej m\u011bl naz\u00fdvat cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.“ Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdznam z\u00e1livu z hlediska \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je lodn\u00ed doprava, rybolov a dokonce i v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny, nelze p\u0159ece\u0148ovat. Podobn\u011b nov\u00e1 administrativa p\u0159ejmenovala alja\u0161sk\u00fd vrchol Denali na \u201eMount McKinley\u201c, na po\u010dest b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta USA Williama McKinleyho. Denali znamen\u00e1 \u201evysok\u00fd\u201c nebo \u201evysok\u00fd\u201c v jazyce Koyukon, co\u017e je jazyk p\u016fvodn\u00ed etnick\u00e9 skupiny Alja\u0161ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o toto p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdb\u011br je docela v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd: republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident McKinley (1897-1901) vl\u00e1dl zemi b\u011bhem vrcholu americk\u00e9 expanzivn\u00ed \u00e9ry, v dob\u011b, kdy se Havaj, Guam a Portoriko staly \u00fazem\u00edmi USA \u2013 pozd\u011bji. (1959), Havaj, d\u0159\u00edve polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed (kter\u00e9 trvalo od roku 1795 do roku 1893) se stalo americk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, zat\u00edmco Portoriko a Guam dodnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201eneza\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm\u201c, jeho\u017e obyvatel\u00e9\u00a0jsou zbaveni volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0feder\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch<\/a>\u00a0. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b Trumpov\u00fdch expanzionistick\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ohledn\u011b Kanady, Gr\u00f3nska a Panamsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu by se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee McKinley je pro n\u011bj vzorem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejde jen o jm\u00e9na: Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f dod\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje do Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a tak\u00e9\u00a0roz\u0161i\u0159uje svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/a>\u00a0na vodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch pobl\u00ed\u017e Floridy a tak\u00e9 na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hranici kolem Kalifornie, Alja\u0161ky, Havaje, Texasu a na \u00fazem\u00ed Portorika. , Guam, Severn\u00ed Mariany a Americk\u00e9 Panensk\u00e9 ostrovy plus kolonie Americk\u00e1 Samoa (mimochodem tamn\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za \u201eob\u010dany,\u00a0ale ne za ob\u010dany<\/a>\u00a0Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159i narozen\u00ed\u201c). Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee ud\u011blat Ameriku \u201eznovu skv\u011blou\u201c znamen\u00e1 ud\u011blat z n\u00ed znovu agresivn\u00ed imp\u00e9riovou mocnost \u2013 n\u011bco, \u010d\u00edm, abych byl spravedliv\u00fd, nikdy \u00fapln\u011b nep\u0159estala b\u00fdt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Akce v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed reakce: Mexiko, \u010dlen NAFTA, bylo spolu s USA a Kanadou v posledn\u00edch letech relativn\u011b izolov\u00e1no od Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed diplomatick\u00e9 incidenty sbl\u00ed\u017eily Mexiko a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b v regionu, co\u017e by mohlo p\u0159ipravit cestu pro dal\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky mohou m\u00edt i doma: v USA historicky Latinoameri\u010dan\u00e9 volili demokraty. Posun\u00a0v latinsk\u00fdch hlasech byl ve skute\u010dnosti\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem<\/a>\u00a0Trumpova v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed: i kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich st\u00e1le hlasovala pro kandid\u00e1tku demokrat\u016f Kamalu Harrisovou, tentokr\u00e1t Trump ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159ekonal rekord jak\u00e9hokoli republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta (pokud jde o latinsk\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed)\u00a0.<\/a>\u00a0V roce 2016 z\u00edskal Trump pouze 28 procent hlas\u016f t\u00e9to skupiny, co\u017e je \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 v roce 2020 dos\u00e1hlo 32 procent. V roce 2024 byl naopak zvolen se\u00a043 % hlas\u016f Latino<\/a>\u00a0. Tato rostouc\u00ed podpora mezi hisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi voli\u010di by v\u0161ak nem\u011bla b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za samoz\u0159ejmost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpova prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a opat\u0159en\u00ed nejen odcizuj\u00ed sousedy, jako je Mexiko (zahrani\u010dn\u011bpoliticky), ale tak\u00e9, pokud jde o dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiku a etnopolitick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l d\u00e1le odcizit \u010d\u00e1sti samotn\u00e9 populace USA, jako jsou etnick\u00e9 skupiny na Alja\u0161ce a jin\u00e9 men\u0161iny. Nav\u00edc od roku 2021 bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b\u00a037 milion\u016f lid\u00ed mexick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2022 tvo\u0159ili \u201emexi\u010dt\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9\u201c\u00a011,2 % americk\u00e9 populace<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 nemluv\u011b o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9 populaci, slo\u017een\u00e9 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch\/etnick\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt v tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm kontextu r\u016fznou m\u00edru solidarity s Mexi\u010dany. Antagonizace Mexika do takov\u00e9 m\u00edry, dokonce i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm symbolick\u00fdch akc\u00ed, jako je p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it vlastn\u00ed mexickou \u201ep\u0159ita\u017elivou s\u00edlu\u201c v\u016f\u010di latinsk\u00fdm populac\u00edm v USA a dokonce p\u0159in\u00e9st nov\u00e1 dilemata t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159esun\u016f loajality.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b potenci\u00e1lu pro volebn\u00ed \u0161kody (ve volb\u00e1ch do Kongresu v roce 2026) by se rostouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mohlo zhmotnit jako tlak ze strany mexicko-americk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch skupin a masivn\u00ed demonstrace. V komplikovan\u00e9m etnopolitick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u00a0nen\u00ed etnick\u00fdm zlo\u010dineck\u00fdm mafi\u00edm ciz\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0organizov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u00fa\u010dast na n\u00e1siln\u00fdch protestech a nepokoj\u00edch, a\u0165 u\u017e jako demonstranti nebo lupi\u010di, a tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 by mohl v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti pron\u00e1sledovat i Trumpovu administrativu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mexicko-americk\u00e9 vztahy nebyly nikdy v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii tak napjat\u00e9 jako dnes. Nov\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident Donald…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,396,452,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71249"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71249\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}