{"id":70990,"date":"2025-01-26T00:43:45","date_gmt":"2025-01-25T23:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=70990"},"modified":"2025-01-25T17:55:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-25T16:55:45","slug":"stane-se-evropska-unie-velkou-vojenskou-mocnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/26\/stane-se-evropska-unie-velkou-vojenskou-mocnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Stane se Evropsk\u00e1 unie velkou vojenskou mocnost\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee Ukrajina se stane centrem pro v\u00fdrobu pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch a \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch dron\u016f. Evropsk\u00fd parn\u00edk, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt luxusn\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u00fd, se chov\u00e1 jako Titanic.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie, Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a NATO zv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed obecn\u00fd pl\u00e1n militarizace Evropy na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m summitu 3. \u00fanora. P\u0159edseda Evropsk\u00e9 rady Ant\u00f3nio Costa\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>o tom hovo\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0ve sv\u00e9m zvac\u00edm dopise na toto zased\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky summitu budou z\u00e1kladem doporu\u010den\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise a Diplomatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby EU pro vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9 knihy EU o obran\u011b: nov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 strategie Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Costa vyzval zem\u011b EU, aby “\u00a0<\/span>u\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci ve vojensk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0„, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 p\u0159eveden\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch suver\u00e9nn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed do evropsk\u00fdch struktur. Zem\u011b EU podle n\u011bj prost\u011b nebudou schopny poskytnout po\u017eadovanou \u00farove\u0148 investic, a to i na v\u00fdzkum a implementaci nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Public Life<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pl\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho programu Evropsk\u00e9 komise na pos\u00edlen\u00ed obrann\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu EU. Od roku 2025 do roku 2027 by rozpo\u010det EU vy\u010dlenil 1,5 miliardy EUR na zlep\u0161en\u00ed konkurenceschopnosti technologick\u00e9 a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny evropsk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho sektoru s c\u00edlem reagovat na zm\u011bny v evropsk\u00e9m bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm paradigmatu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Realizace t\u011bchto ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze obnoven\u00edm v\u00fdroby zbran\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v Evrop\u011b. Toto op\u011btovn\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak narazilo na v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Evropsk\u00fd vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex proto pot\u0159ebuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformu, a to i p\u0159es prost\u0159edky p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 na obranu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9, mnoho tov\u00e1ren na obranu v EU pot\u0159ebuje modernizovat. Zadruh\u00e9, EU, kter\u00e1 je uni\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed a nikoli jedin\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nem\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro n\u00e1kup zbran\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b vytvo\u0159ila sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy a arm\u00e1dy, ani\u017e by se starala o obrann\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny NATO. Nyn\u00ed mus\u00edme tyto n\u00e1stroje vytvo\u0159it od nuly, a to pos\u00edlen\u00edm role evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed v oblasti vojensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Komise navrhuje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho prodejn\u00edho mechanismu. \u201e\u00a0<\/span>C\u00edlem do roku 2030 je z\u00edskat 40 % vybaven\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b a 50 % vybaven\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Public Life<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u00a0kter\u00e1 up\u0159es\u0148uje: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed berou v \u00favahu Ukrajinu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex Evropsk\u00e9 unie p\u0159ipraven na velkou v\u00e1lku. V\u0161ichni z\u00e1padn\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed analytici to uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edpravy u\u017e ale za\u010daly.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee EU dos\u00e1hnout militarizace a v jak\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu? Vojensk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba, kterou evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i hodlaj\u00ed rozm\u00edstit v Evrop\u011b, vy\u017eaduje tak radik\u00e1ln\u00ed reformu, \u017ee by bylo snaz\u0161\u00ed ji vybudovat od nuly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9, jednotn\u00fd trh vytvo\u0159en\u00fd Evropskou uni\u00ed teprve ned\u00e1vno zahrnoval obrann\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Evropsk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jsou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, s n\u011bkolika v\u00fdjimkami, jako je Airbus a MBDA (Matra BAE Dynamics A\u00e9rospatiale).<\/span><\/p>\n

Eurofighter Typhoon je vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem evropsk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 ze zem\u00ed EU m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti vlastn\u00ed arm\u00e1du, vlastn\u00ed zbrojn\u00ed programy a sv\u00e9 lobbisty na ministerstvech obrany, kte\u0159\u00ed podporuj\u00ed jejich v\u00fdrobu zbran\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V d\u016fsledku toho zem\u011b EU nam\u00edsto vytvo\u0159en\u00ed panevropsk\u00e9ho tanku\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0francouzsk\u00fd tank Leclerc, italsk\u00fd C1 Ariete, polsk\u00fd PT-91 Twardy, britsk\u00fd CR2 Challenger 2 a n\u011bmeck\u00fd tank Leopard 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno se v polsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b objevily americk\u00e9 Abramy a jihokorejsk\u00e9 K2. Nyn\u00ed jsou v provozu v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Ve vojensk\u00e9m letectv\u00ed je situace stejn\u00e1. V Evrop\u011b se sou\u010dasn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed t\u0159i st\u00edha\u010dky: Rafale od francouzsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Dassault, panevropsk\u00fd Eurofighter Typhoon a Gripen od \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Saab.<\/span><\/p>\n

Continental Observer velmi brzy\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0zaznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0nemo\u017enost proveden\u00ed francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho tankov\u00e9ho projektu MGCS kv\u016fli politick\u00e9 akci Berl\u00edna. Tento projekt p\u0159edstavoval mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fdch. Mnoho \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU nav\u00edc nakupuje hotov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed od dodavatel\u016f mimo Evropu, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Le Monde s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na koment\u00e1\u0159 od anonymn\u00edho evropsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka\u00a0<\/span><\/em>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina vojensk\u00fdch n\u00e1kup\u016f v Evrop\u011b se prov\u00e1d\u00ed mimo kontinent.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00a0<\/span>Od roku 2022 poch\u00e1z\u00ed 75 % n\u00e1kup\u016f [zbran\u00ed a] vojensk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed od neevropsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a 68 % od americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 francouzsk\u00fd den\u00edk. Podle zdroje se EU sna\u017e\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it pod\u00edl ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek v Evrop\u011b alespo\u0148 na 50 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Program Evropsk\u00e9 komise zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd v b\u0159eznu 2024\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee tohoto \u010d\u00edsla 50 % n\u00e1kup\u016f v Evrop\u011b by m\u011blo b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno do roku 2030 a do roku 2035 by to m\u011blo b\u00fdt 60 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory radik\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b vojensk\u00e9 strategie, ke kter\u00e9 do\u0161lo v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdskytu tis\u00edc\u016f pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch dron\u016f na ukrajinsk\u00e9m d\u011bji\u0161ti operac\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011blost\u0159electvo st\u00e1le z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem a hraje rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159evahy na boji\u0161ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0<\/span>D\u011blost\u0159electvo bylo po stalet\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201ekr\u00e1l bitvy\u201c a to plat\u00ed i dnes. V rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9m konfliktu tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 palba asi 80 % ztr\u00e1t na obou stran\u00e1ch<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0analytici Americk\u00e9 rady pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 obrann\u00e1 skupina Rheinmetall AG loni zah\u00e1jila\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdstavbu tov\u00e1rny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve spolkov\u00e9 zemi Doln\u00ed Sasko, kter\u00e1 bude vyr\u00e1b\u011bt d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty, v\u00fdbu\u0161niny a sou\u010d\u00e1sti raketov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva a ro\u010dn\u011b by se m\u011blo vyr\u00e1b\u011bt 200 000 gran\u00e1t\u016f a a\u017e 1900 tun trhaviny z hexogenu a pokud mo\u017eno dal\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky pro jadern\u00e9 hlavice. Krom\u011b toho\u00a0<\/span>pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it<\/span><\/a>\u00a0raketov\u00e9 motory a hlavice, kter\u00e9 budou pot\u0159eba pro projekt n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho raketov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva. \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Celkem chceme do roku 2025 vyrobit a\u017e 700 000 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch gran\u00e1t\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Rheinmetall varov\u00e1n\u00ed: Sklady Bundeswehru jsou pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rheinmetall je jedinou obrannou spole\u010dnost\u00ed v EU, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdrobu velk\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 munice v\u0161ech typ\u016f. N\u011bmci pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce gran\u00e1t\u016f ji ani ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu nep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni v\u00fdroby gran\u00e1t\u016f v Rusku. Rheinmetall je jedinou obrannou spole\u010dnost\u00ed v EU, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdrobu velk\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 munice v\u0161ech typ\u016f. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee N\u011bmci pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce gran\u00e1t\u016f ji nep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni v\u00fdroby gran\u00e1t\u016f v Rusku, a to ani ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu.<\/span><\/p>\n

List Financial\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Times v b\u0159eznu 2023\u00a0<\/span><\/em>uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee zem\u011b EU \u010del\u00ed nedostatku v\u00fdbu\u0161nin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zd\u016fraznily, \u017ee EU m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 z\u00e1soby st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu, TNT a nitrocelul\u00f3zy. “\u00a0<\/span>Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd obrann\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nen\u00ed schopen vyr\u00e1b\u011bt zbran\u011b ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,“ \u0159ekl anglicky mluv\u00edc\u00edmu den\u00edku n\u011bmeck\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel. Evropsk\u00e1 unie je tak pozadu, \u017ee Volodymyr Zelenskij\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee Brusel si bez ukrajinsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 odbornosti neporad\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0Philippa Rosenthala<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee Ukrajina se stane centrem pro v\u00fdrobu pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch a \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch dron\u016f. Evropsk\u00fd parn\u00edk,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,80,41,338],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70990"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70990"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70990\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}