{"id":70391,"date":"2025-01-18T00:31:39","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T23:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=70391"},"modified":"2025-01-17T10:35:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T09:35:00","slug":"boj-zapadu-proti-rusku-v-postsovetskem-prostoru-cast-3-kazachstan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/18\/boj-zapadu-proti-rusku-v-postsovetskem-prostoru-cast-3-kazachstan\/","title":{"rendered":"Boj Z\u00e1padu proti Rusku v postsov\u011btsk\u00e9m prostoru \u010c\u00e1st 3: Kazachst\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Z\u00e1pad veden\u00fd USA chce vrazit kl\u00edn mezi Rusko a b\u00fdval\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republiky a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu takzvan\u00e9 nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace \u201eob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c. V t\u00e9to s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f uk\u00e1\u017eu \u010diny Z\u00e1padu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a jejich d\u016fsledky.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>C\u00edlem Z\u00e1padu pod veden\u00edm USA je zni\u010dit Rusko jako st\u00e1t. Zn\u00ed to jako \u201erusk\u00e1 propaganda\u201c nebo konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie, ale chyst\u00e1m se uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee je to fakt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>K dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Z\u00e1pad pod veden\u00edm USA mnoho prost\u0159edk\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je zni\u010dit vazby mezi Ruskem a jeho sousedn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, b\u00fdval\u00fdmi sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi republikami, a vrazit kl\u00edn mezi Rusko a jeho sousedy. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b to m\u00e1 oslabit Rusko a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b to m\u00e1 vytvo\u0159it protiruskou n\u00e1ladu, kter\u00e1 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rody v multietnick\u00e9m Rusku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V t\u00e9to s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f uk\u00e1\u017eu tento p\u0159\u00edstup a jeho d\u016fsledky v sedmi \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na p\u0159\u00edkladu deseti zem\u00ed. Tento t\u0159et\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek je o Kazachst\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ne\u017e se k tomu dostaneme, chci pro pochopen\u00ed uv\u00e9st n\u011bkolik obecn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00edm na za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u0161ech \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f t\u00e9to s\u00e9rie. Pokud jste to ji\u017e \u010detli v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku ze s\u00e9rie, m\u016f\u017eete prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159esko\u010dit.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace a protirusk\u00e1 propaganda<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, m\u00e9dia a nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u0161e, co mohou, aby vytvo\u0159ily protirusk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a to nen\u00ed o rusk\u00e9 politice, ale o Rusku samotn\u00e9m Rusko a Rusov\u00e9 jsou d\u00e9monizov\u00e1ni a p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti se objevuj\u00ed negativn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o Rusku . V N\u011bmecku se ka\u017ed\u00fd den objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady, o kter\u00fdch jsem\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2019\/die-ard-nutzt-sogar-weihnachtssendungen-fuer-anti-russische-propaganda\/\"><span>ji\u017e dlouho informoval<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rusko je vykreslov\u00e1no jako agresivn\u00ed a imperialistick\u00fd st\u00e1t a jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch propagandistick\u00fdch l\u017e\u00ed je, \u017ee Putin \u00fadajn\u011b chce \u201eobnovit Velk\u00e9 Rusko v hranic\u00edch b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu\u201c a zjevn\u011b to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 spolkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da musela\u00a0p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edci\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2024\/bundesregierung-gibt-kleinlaut-propaganda-luege-zu\/\"><span>ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159iznat<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, \u017ee to byla le\u017e , ale to jej\u00edm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm nebr\u00e1n\u00ed tuto le\u017e opakovat znovu a znovu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pro USA byl rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu velk\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm, nikoli v\u0161ak kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem, proto\u017ee nyn\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00ed snahy s c\u00edlem zni\u010dit tak\u00e9 Rusko jako st\u00e1t a rozd\u011blit ho na nespo\u010det mal\u00fdch, a proto snadno ovladateln\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v po\u0159\u00e1dku, zaprv\u00e9 bojovat proti geopolitick\u00fdm konkurent\u016fm, aby se jich zbavili, a zadruh\u00e9 m\u00edt neomezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k rusk\u00fdm nerostn\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem vl\u00e1da USA financuje n\u011bkolik nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnout pod pojmem \u201edekolonizace\u201c Ruska, o kter\u00e9m jsem\u00a0informoval nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2022\/wollen-die-usa-russland-als-staat-zerschlagen\/\"><span>zde<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2024\/die-plaene-russland-als-staat-zu-zerschlagen-sind-real\/\"><span>zde .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>To mimochodem ukazuje, jak matouc\u00ed je term\u00edn \u201eNGO\u201c na Z\u00e1pad\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. M\u00e1 nazna\u010dit, \u017ee tyto organizace jsou nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na vl\u00e1d\u00e1ch a \u00fadajn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v\u016fli \u201eob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c. Ale jak lze mluvit o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0organizac\u00edch, kdy\u017e tyto organizace zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed, financuj\u00ed a kontroluj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u010clov\u011bk se m\u016f\u017ee sm\u00e1t term\u00ednu \u201edekolonizace Ruska\u201c, ale v b\u00fdval\u00fdch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch republik\u00e1ch se aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed protirusk\u00fdch n\u00e1lad. Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee jejich n\u00e1rody byly utla\u010dov\u00e1ny a vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1ny Ruskem a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, aby mezi Ruskem a jeho sousedy vznikla hlubok\u00e1 roztr\u017eka.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">USA rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1vaj\u00ed protirusk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady v Kazachst\u00e1nu<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Kazachst\u00e1n je geopoliticky komplikovan\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b stav\u00ed jako spojenec Ruska, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed lav\u00edrovat mezi Ruskem, \u010c\u00ednou a USA. V zemi se v\u017edy objevuj\u00ed titulky o protirusk\u00fdch n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch, ale\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iz.ru\/1683046\/2024-04-16\/eksperty-ukazali-na-vliianie-ssha-v-rasprostranenii-rusofobii-v-kazakhstane\"><span>pr\u016fzkum z roku 2024<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0uk\u00e1zal , \u017ee 66 procent Kazach\u016f pova\u017euje Rusko za sv\u00e9ho nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho partnera a m\u00e1 k Rus\u016fm kladn\u00fd vztah. Podrobn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2024\/kasachstan-zwischen-dem-westen-und-russland\/\"><span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0o man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed Kazachst\u00e1nu a z\u00e1zem\u00ed jsem napsal v dubnu 2024 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dnes chci na p\u0159\u00edkladech uk\u00e1zat, jak aktivn\u011b americk\u00e9 nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace p\u016fsob\u00ed v zemi proti Rusku, proto\u017ee kaza\u0161sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da tuto politiku z\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed pod veden\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edch nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, nebo p\u0159ed n\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00edr\u00e1 o\u010di. V Kazachst\u00e1nu nap\u0159\u00edklad prob\u00edhaj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2024\/08\/12\/nasazhdaemaya-v-kazahstane-rusofobiya-po-ukrainskomu-scenariyu-daet-rezultaty\"><span>pravideln\u00e1 \u0161kolen\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0pro pracovn\u00edky sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f veden\u00e1 USAID,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2021\/ein-telefonat-zeigt-wie-die-regimechange-spezialisten-der-us-regierung-arbeiten\/\"><span>National Endowment for Democracy (NED)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u00fadajn\u00fdmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>USAID je americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura, jej\u00edm\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakolem je otev\u0159\u00edt obchodn\u00ed trhy a p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch americk\u00fdm korporac\u00edm. NED je organizace zalo\u017een\u00e1, financovan\u00e1 a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 vl\u00e1dou USA, vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 za \u00fa\u010delem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed proamerick\u00fdch p\u0159evrat\u016f v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Zakladatel NED v rozhovoru \u0159ekl,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/opinions\/1991\/09\/22\/innocence-abroad-the-new-world-of-spyless-coups\/92bb989a-de6e-4bb8-99b9-462c76b59a16\/\"><span>\u017ee<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0NED d\u011bl\u00e1 \u201eto, co CIA skryt\u011b d\u011blala p\u0159ed 25 lety\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 2024 poskytla USAID 20 milion\u016f dolar\u016f organizac\u00edm a sdru\u017een\u00edm v Kazachst\u00e1nu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na spole\u010dnou historickou minulost Ruska a Kazachst\u00e1nu. Jak jsem ji\u017e uk\u00e1zal na p\u0159\u00edkladu Kyrgyzst\u00e1nu, jde o p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed historie a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed protirusk\u00fdch narativ\u016f nap\u0159\u00edklad do \u0161koln\u00edch u\u010debnic. National Endowment for Democracy vy\u010dlenila 1,3 milionu dolar\u016f na podporu \u201edemokratick\u00fdch aspirac\u00ed\u201c v Kazachst\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Intenzivn\u011b v tomto sm\u011bru pracuje i americk\u00fd velvyslanec v Kazachst\u00e1nu Daniel Rosenblum, kter\u00fd se na \u0161kolen\u00edch sch\u00e1z\u00ed se zam\u011bstnanci kaza\u0161sk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. C\u00edlem t\u011bchto \u0161kolen\u00ed je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b \u201ebojovat proti rusk\u00e9 propagand\u011b\u201c a seznam novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f vyslan\u00fdch na tato setk\u00e1n\u00ed sestavuje a schvaluje kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 ministerstvo kultury a informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou vyhro\u017eov\u00e1ny prorusk\u00fdm bloger\u016fm, ale jejich apely na org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed, zat\u00edmco nacionalisti\u010dt\u00ed kaza\u0161\u0161t\u00ed bloge\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed podn\u011bcuj\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti v\u016f\u010di Rusku a Rus\u016fm, nejsou st\u00edh\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Kaza\u0161sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zjevn\u011b ned\u011bl\u00e1 mnoho pro to, aby zabr\u00e1nila rozd\u011blovac\u00edm tendenc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 pro Kazachst\u00e1n p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee tam od sov\u011btsk\u00fdch dob \u017eije velk\u00e1 populace etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f. Mnoho Rus\u016f z Kazachst\u00e1nu proto m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do Ruska. V roce 2009 byl pod\u00edl etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f v kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 populaci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 24 procent, v roce 2021 to bylo jen kolem 15 procent;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">V\u00fdprodej Kazachst\u00e1nu<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u00fakolem USAID je otev\u0159\u00edt pro americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti prodejn\u00ed trhy a p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, stoj\u00ed za to se pod\u00edvat na jejich \u00fasp\u011bchy, kter\u00e9 rusk\u00fd port\u00e1l sestavil se v\u0161emi zdroji v b\u0159eznu 2024.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rybar.ru\/pochemu-inostrannoe-upravlenie-opasno-dlya-kazahstana\/\"><span>\u010cl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0jsem p\u0159elo\u017eil\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\">Kter\u00e9 sektory kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 ekonomiky pat\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edm korporac\u00edm?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span>To je ot\u00e1zka, kterou si pravideln\u011b kladou na\u0161i \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, kdy\u017e p\u00ed\u0161eme o ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e9st kaza\u0161sk\u00e1 logistick\u00e1 aktiva na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed management nebo analyzujeme provokativn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vl\u00e1dy v Astan\u011b o sankc\u00edch proti Rusku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Trvalo to dlouho, ale systematizovali jsme informace o tom, jak\u00fd pod\u00edl maj\u00ed spole\u010dnosti z USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Francie a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed vlastn\u011b v ekonomice Kazachst\u00e1nu. Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee po t\u00e9to anal\u00fdze pro v\u00e1s bude snaz\u0161\u00ed posoudit m\u00edru z\u00e1vislosti kaza\u0161sk\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a tedy vliv nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch korporac\u00ed na kaza\u0161skou vl\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Logistiky<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>Neochota kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy investovat do podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a infrastruktury se projevuje nejen \u201ep\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho spo\u0159en\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely (nap\u0159. n\u00e1kup \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch vag\u00f3n\u016f pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost), ale tak\u00e9 aktivn\u00edm n\u00e1borem zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic. , nap\u0159\u00edklad v dopravn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Hlavn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b budou p\u0159evedena na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Leti\u0161t\u011b Astana bude p\u0159evedeno pod operativn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Terminals Holding (SAE),<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Leti\u0161t\u011b Almaty koupila spole\u010dnost TAV Airports Holding (Turecko).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Celkem je 22 z 26 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch leti\u0161\u0165 v zemi p\u0159ipraveno k p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edm investor\u016fm ke spr\u00e1v\u011b trustu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>St\u00e1tn\u00ed pod\u00edl (a\u017e 100 procent) ve spole\u010dnosti Qazaq Air, kter\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od Air Astana nem\u011bla to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee sv\u00e9 akcie nakoupila za \u201epenzijn\u00ed pen\u00edze\u201c, je na prodej. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm kupcem je Sovico Group (Vietnam), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nejen zaplatit 10 miliard dolar\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 splatit dluhy aerolinky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Krom\u011b leti\u0161\u0165 jsou k dispozici tak\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavy Aktau a Kuryk, kter\u00e9 lze p\u0159ev\u00e9st na spr\u00e1vu \u00faschovy u t\u0159et\u00ed osoby na principu \u201eship-or-pay\u201c. Transkaspick\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed koridor l\u00e1k\u00e1 do kaspick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory v souvislosti s n\u00e1r\u016fstem n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Evropou: Albayrak Group (Turecko) je p\u0159ipravena v\u00fdm\u011bnou za spr\u00e1vu investovat do modernizace sv\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Tov\u00e1rny a v\u00fdroba<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed tov\u00e1rny byly bu\u010f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny, nebo jsou aktivn\u011b p\u0159evedeny na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>100% pod\u00edl v montovn\u011b lokomotiv LKZ pat\u0159\u00ed americk\u00e9 skupin\u011b Wabtec,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu polyetyl\u00e9nov\u00fdch trubek v Atyrau vlastn\u00ed a spravuje americk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Chevron.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Tureck\u00e1 skupina YDA chce p\u0159evz\u00edt 85 % akci\u00ed v uralsk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rn\u011b Zenit, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed produkty pro stavbu lod\u00ed,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Kirov Machine-Building Plant, ned\u00e1vno nab\u00edzen\u00fd k prodeji, je jedin\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem tepeln\u011b poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch torp\u00e9d v SNS.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Lithium<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti aktivn\u011b rozv\u00edjej\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e1 aktiva zem\u011b, nerostn\u00e9 suroviny. Lithium je p\u0159edm\u011btem velk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu \u201erespektovan\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch partner\u016f\u201c. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 se bezpe\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edlet na t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed lithia, zalo\u017eily n\u011bmeck\u00e1 skupina Knauf, GP Gunter Papenburg AG, Roxtec a n\u011bmeck\u00fd institut lithia konsorcium. 51 procent akci\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Creada Corporation, kter\u00e1 buduje dv\u011b lo\u017eiska lithia, koupila n\u011bmeck\u00e1 HMS mining AG, kter\u00e1 se rovn\u011b\u017e zav\u00e1zala zav\u00e9st v Kazachst\u00e1nu normy OSN pro nov\u00e9 projekty v\u00fdvoje vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin a dal\u0161\u00edch kritick\u00fdch surovin. N\u011bmecko \u010del\u00ed konkurenci z Kanady: Spole\u010dnost Condor Energies Inc. z\u00edskala 6letou licenci na v\u00fdstavbu lithia o rozloze 37 300 hektar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Titan<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>V\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd pod\u00edl v z\u00e1vod\u011b Ust-Kamenogorsk na v\u00fdrobu titanu a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, kter\u00fd t\u011b\u017e\u00ed titan, vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Belgian Specialty Metals Holding Company. Men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det akci\u00ed vlastn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i singapursk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a jedna \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 akciov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Uran<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>Kazachst\u00e1n je sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem ve v\u00fdvozu uranu, paliva pro jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (sou\u010dasn\u011b v samotn\u00e9m Kazachst\u00e1nu nen\u00ed ani jedna jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna), a proto zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investo\u0159i v\u011bnuj\u00ed jeho t\u011b\u017eb\u011b velkou pozornost. Z 56 prozkouman\u00fdch lo\u017eisek v Kazachst\u00e1nu je 14 ve v\u00fdvoji. Ze 14 spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed uran v Kazachst\u00e1nu, jsou pouze dv\u011b ze 100 procent st\u00e1tn\u00ed. Ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch podnic\u00edch na t\u011b\u017ebu uranu mus\u00ed 50 procent akci\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u011b pat\u0159it kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Kazatomprom, ale v praxi se toto pravidlo ne v\u017edy dodr\u017euje. Na t\u011b\u017eb\u011b uranu v Kazachst\u00e1nu se pod\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dnosti z Francie, Kanady, Japonska (i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm offshore spole\u010dnost\u00ed), \u010c\u00edny a Ruska.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je \u010dinnost Francie. Francie prosazuje politiku diverzifikace sv\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek uranu, postupn\u011b jej nakupuje prakticky ze v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek. Hlavn\u00edm dodavatelem uranu do Francie byl Niger a nyn\u00ed se Francie sna\u017e\u00ed kompenzovat jeho ztr\u00e1tu na \u00fakor Kazachst\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Orano je francouzsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v jadern\u00e9 energetice. Ji\u017e v roce 1996 spole\u010dnost zalo\u017eila spole\u010dn\u00fd podnik Katko s Kazatomprom, aby se pod\u00edlel na t\u011b\u017eb\u011b uranu. V rozporu s kaza\u0161sk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy vlastn\u00ed Orano 51 procent akci\u00ed ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m podniku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>Podrobnosti o technologii t\u011b\u017eby uranu Katko<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span>Katko pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii In-Situ Leaching (ISL), kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1kladov\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu t\u011b\u017eby. Jedn\u00e1 se o dlouho pou\u017e\u00edvanou technologii, jej\u00ed\u017e princip je jednoduch\u00fd: chemick\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo (v\u011bt\u0161inou na b\u00e1zi kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9, ale existuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bjin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti; slo\u017een\u00ed je p\u0159izp\u016fsobeno hornin\u011b) se \u010derp\u00e1 do podzemn\u00edch vrstev miner\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch uran. Po na\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla stoup\u00e1 roztok uranov\u00fdch sol\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f sousedn\u00edmi vrty. Roztok se pos\u00edl\u00e1 do chemick\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu, kde se uran t\u011b\u017e\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u011b \u010dist\u00ed od ne\u010distot, jako je b\u00f3r, hafnium a prvky vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Vyluhov\u00e1n\u00ed in situ je pom\u011brn\u011b dobrou metodou pro extrakci uranu z rud, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed ve vrstv\u00e1ch izolovan\u00fdch od vody: nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud se uranov\u00e1 ruda nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma j\u00edlov\u00fdmi vrstvami, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b vody. Pokud je v\u0161e provedeno spr\u00e1vn\u011b, jsou \u0161kody na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i hlubinn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b. Za prv\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fl odv\u011btr\u00e1n (v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00edm se odstra\u0148uje uranov\u00fd prach a radioaktivn\u00ed plyn radon) a za druh\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt od\u010derp\u00e1na podzemn\u00ed voda (kter\u00e1 obsahuje uranov\u00e9 soli). Existuje tak\u00e9 probl\u00e9m hlu\u0161iny: Pokud jde o uranov\u00e1 lo\u017eiska, hlu\u0161ina je dvojn\u00e1sob nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee je z nich vyfukov\u00e1n prach obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed uran.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Pokud se ale vyskytnou probl\u00e9my s izolac\u00ed lo\u017eiska, mohou se zbytky roztoku dostat do podzemn\u00edch nebo art\u00e9zsk\u00fdch vod, co\u017e je opravdu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Uran s\u00e1m o sob\u011b je toxick\u00fd t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov a jeho rudy obsahuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bprodukty jeho radioaktivn\u00edho rozpadu (olovo, radium) i doprovodn\u00e9 prvky (v z\u00e1vislosti na rud\u011b to mohou b\u00fdt m\u011b\u010f, vanad, thorium, arsen).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Dnes je Katko provozovatelem Moinkum, jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nalezi\u0161\u0165 uranu na sv\u011bt\u011b. V srpnu 2022 z\u00edskala Katko licenci k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v nov\u00e9 lokalit\u011b South Tortkuduk a v listopadu 2023 kaza\u0161sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159edlo\u017eila jasn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh na realizaci v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fdch projekt\u016f s ohledem na 27let\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b podle sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek Katko provozuje tyto aktivity:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>hledat rezervy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch projekt\u016f,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>t\u011b\u017eba uranu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Extrakce pevn\u00e9ho uranov\u00e9ho koncentr\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pokrokem by bylo po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed technologi\u00ed pro konverzi a obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu. P\u0159evod t\u011bchto technologi\u00ed m\u00e1 smysl pouze tehdy, budou-li v Kazachst\u00e1nu vybudov\u00e1ny obohacovac\u00ed kapacity. Ale to je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, proto\u017ee navzdory p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed Z\u00e1padu sn\u00ed\u017eit svou z\u00e1vislost na rusk\u00fdch obohacovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch existuj\u00ed dv\u011b p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena uranu a tud\u00ed\u017e aktivn\u00ed rozvoj d\u011blaj\u00ed z kaza\u0161sk\u00fdch lo\u017eisek prvn\u00ed kandid\u00e1ty na vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 politick\u00e1 rizika: Pokud se v Kazachst\u00e1nu postav\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed z\u00e1vody na obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu a pak se n\u011bco stane a Kazachst\u00e1n vstoup\u00ed do pevn\u00e9ho svazku s Ruskem, pak Rosatom z\u00edsk\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed hotov\u00e9 kapacity na obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Je proto velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee Orano bude pokra\u010dovat v roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby uranu a neo\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve vztaz\u00edch s jeho kaza\u0161sk\u00fdmi partnery.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Olej<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1pad si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b cen\u00ed kontroly nad t\u011b\u017ebou ropy v Kazachst\u00e1nu: z tohoto d\u016fvodu pat\u0159\u00ed 75 procent akci\u00ed Tengizchevroil, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed ropu v Kazachst\u00e1nu, dv\u011bma americk\u00fdm korporac\u00edm: Chevron a ExxonMobil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tyto korporace hraj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed roli v t\u011b\u017eb\u011b ropy v nalezi\u0161ti Karachaganak a v severokaspick\u00e9m projektu rozvoje pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch ropn\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch pol\u00ed Kashagan, Kairan a Aktoty. Do t\u011bchto projekt\u016f jsou zapojeny tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie (BG Group, Shell), It\u00e1lie (Eni SpA), Francie (TotalEnergies, GDF Suez), Japonska (INPEX) a \u010c\u00edny (CNCP).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9 projevuje velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem o projekty t\u011b\u017eby ropy s Kazachst\u00e1nem: zem\u011b maj\u00ed \u0161est spole\u010dn\u00fdch projekt\u016f t\u011b\u017eby ropy, ropnou rafinerii, dva ropovody a dva plynovody.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span>P\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic do r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed nen\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9 a m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u00fdhody ekonomice (a podpo\u0159it m\u00edr ve vztaz\u00edch se sousedy). Ale pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se v procesu budou prim\u00e1rn\u011b br\u00e1t v \u00favahu z\u00e1jmy zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ale \u201eucp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011br\u201c v rozpo\u010dtu finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky od zahrani\u010dn\u00edch partner\u016f a nekontrolovan\u00fd p\u0159esun nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aktiv a logistiky zem\u011b do nich za \u00fa\u010delem vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu velk\u00fdch dlouhodob\u00fdch investic p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 riziko ztr\u00e1ty, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9. a tedy i politickou suverenitu. To je p\u0159esn\u011b ten proces, kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasnosti pozorujeme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Konec p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/anti-spiegel.ru\/2025\/der-kampf-des-westens-gegen-russland-im-postsowjetischen-raum-teil-3-kasachstan\/\">Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-22016\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thomas-Roper-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"176\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thomas-Roper-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thomas-Roper-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thomas-Roper.jpg 596w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1pad veden\u00fd USA chce vrazit kl\u00edn mezi Rusko a b\u00fdval\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republiky a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1338,22,37,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70391"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70393,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70391\/revisions\/70393"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}