{"id":70311,"date":"2025-01-17T00:38:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T23:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=70311"},"modified":"2025-01-16T14:43:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T13:43:16","slug":"explozivni-stat-a-media-chteji-spolupracovat-na-regulaci-socialnich-siti-a-vyhledavacu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/17\/explozivni-stat-a-media-chteji-spolupracovat-na-regulaci-socialnich-siti-a-vyhledavacu\/","title":{"rendered":"Explozivn\u00ed! St\u00e1t a m\u00e9dia cht\u011bj\u00ed spolupracovat na \u201eregulaci\u201c soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Platformov\u00e1 moc a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed: Jak chce st\u00e1t roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou kontrolu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed komise pro m\u00e9dia (EMEK) ze 14. ledna 2025 (\u00a0najdete zde<\/a>\u00a0) zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nesm\u00edrnou s\u00edlu online platforem, jako jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a vyhled\u00e1va\u010de. Ty by m\u011bly v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a demokracie. EMEK po\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed regulace, kter\u00e9 by omezily tr\u017en\u00ed a n\u00e1zorovou s\u00edlu platforem. Ale to, co se na prvn\u00ed pohled jev\u00ed jako ochrana demokratick\u00fdch hodnot, v sob\u011b p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly ve spolupr\u00e1ci se zaveden\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii. Nam\u00edsto podpory r\u016fznorodosti n\u00e1zor\u016f by takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed mohla v\u00e9st k centralizovan\u00e9 suverenit\u011b nad v\u00fdkladem.<\/p>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed komise pro m\u00e9dia (EMEK) vrh\u00e1 kritick\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na vztah mezi moc\u00ed platformy, m\u00e9dii a st\u00e1tem. Zat\u00edmco na prvn\u00ed pohled se navrhovan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jev\u00ed jako pokus o ochranu demokratick\u00fdch hodnot a regulaci moci glob\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem jako Google a Facebook, tento p\u0159\u00edstup skr\u00fdv\u00e1 znepokojivou tendenci: roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm a m\u00e9dii.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1t jako nov\u00fd vr\u00e1tn\u00fd<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

EMEK zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee platformy jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a vyhled\u00e1va\u010de maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou tr\u017en\u00ed a n\u00e1zorovou s\u00edlu. Tato pravomoc by m\u011bla b\u00fdt omezena regulac\u00ed \u2013 ale kdo se tohoto \u00fakolu ujme? Je to st\u00e1t, kdo chce nakonec vystupovat jako nov\u00fd \u201evr\u00e1tn\u00fd\u201c. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na regula\u010dn\u00ed algoritmy, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu platforem a z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch dozor\u010d\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f nazna\u010duje posun moci: od soukrom\u00fdch platforem sm\u011brem ke st\u00e1tn\u00edm a institucion\u00e1ln\u00edm akt\u00e9r\u016fm.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce by takov\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi mohly p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148ovat obsah zobrazovan\u00fd na platform\u00e1ch. Pod rou\u0161kou \u201epropagace demokratick\u00fdch hodnot\u201c by mohl b\u00fdt nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed obsah cenzurov\u00e1n a alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zory marginalizov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Explozivn\u00ed je slo\u017een\u00ed Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed komise (EMEK), jej\u00ed\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f m\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na velk\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo etablovan\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010de v medi\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu. Se z\u00e1stupci Tamedia, SRG a NZZ jsou siln\u011b zastoupeny z\u00e1jmy mocn\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zat\u00edmco alternativn\u00ed nebo nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 hlasy chyb\u00ed. Toto jednostrann\u00e9 jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda jsou navrhovan\u00e1 regula\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b v z\u00e1jmu pluralitn\u00ed n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 rozmanitosti, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e v z\u00e1jmu zaveden\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur. Existuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee doporu\u010den\u00ed EMEK by mohla slou\u017eit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed moci tradi\u010dn\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed marginalizaci men\u0161\u00edch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch platforem. To je v rozporu s tvrzen\u00edm o pos\u00edlen\u00ed demokratick\u00fdch hodnot a svobody projevu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Role zaveden\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem je \u00fazk\u00e9 propojen\u00ed mezi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry a zaveden\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii. V mnoha zem\u00edch je medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed siln\u011b propojeno se st\u00e1tn\u00edm financov\u00e1n\u00edm a regulac\u00ed. Ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed organizace a tradi\u010dn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia by mohla b\u00fdt t\u011bmito opat\u0159en\u00edmi zv\u00fdhodn\u011bna, zat\u00edmco nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 nebo alternativn\u00ed m\u00e9dia jsou d\u00e1le marginalizov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

EMEK nap\u0159\u00edklad navrhuje jasn\u011b regulovat p\u0159\u00edstup k platform\u00e1m pro medi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k preferen\u010dn\u00edmu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s velk\u00fdmi zaveden\u00fdmi medi\u00e1ln\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 hlasy budou v digitalizovan\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji sly\u0161et.<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed suverenity v\u00fdkladu<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem kritiky je nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1t spolu s etablovan\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii nastol\u00ed suverenitu nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm. Regulace algoritm\u016f a obsahu by mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k propagaci ur\u010dit\u00fdch narativ\u016f a potla\u010den\u00ed jin\u00fdch. To s sebou nese riziko, \u017ee se ve\u0159ejn\u00fd diskurs stane jednostrann\u00fdm a ztrat\u00ed se n\u00e1zorov\u00e1 diverzita.<\/p>\n

\u00dazk\u00e9 propojen\u00ed st\u00e1tu, m\u00e9di\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt, kter\u00e9mu se EMEK v\u011bnuje \u2013 tento probl\u00e9m posiluje. Pokud budou platformy a jejich obsah \u0159\u00edzeny vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi pravidly a politick\u00fdm lobbingem, mohlo by to zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby vy\u0161ly najevo nepohodln\u00e9 pravdy.<\/p>\n

Cenzura pod z\u00e1minkou bezpe\u010dnosti<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 regulace vzbuzuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee by mohly nejen omezit trh a n\u00e1zorovou s\u00edlu platforem, ale tak\u00e9 naru\u0161it svobodu u\u017eivatel\u016f. Kontrola nad algoritmy a zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed personalizovan\u00e9ho obsahu je prezentov\u00e1no jako ochrann\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit manipulaci a zneu\u017eit\u00ed. Ale kdo rozhoduje, co je manipulativn\u00ed nebo spole\u010densky relevantn\u00ed? Tato pravomoc je v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku na st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1nech a akt\u00e9rech, kter\u00e9 zv\u00fdhod\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Alternativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy ke skute\u010dn\u00e9 svobod\u011b projevu<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Nam\u00edsto sv\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kontroly nad platformami do rukou st\u00e1tu a zaveden\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt vyvinuta alternativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b podporuj\u00ed svobodu projevu:<\/p>\n

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  1. Transparentnost m\u00edsto kontroly:<\/strong>\u00a0Platformy by mohly b\u00fdt po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ny, aby zve\u0159ejnily sv\u00e9 algoritmy, ani\u017e by do nich p\u0159\u00edmo zasahoval st\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
  2. Podpora decentralizovan\u00fdch platforem:<\/strong>\u00a0Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 platformy by mohly b\u00fdt podporov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho medi\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  3. Pos\u00edlen\u00ed osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti:<\/strong>\u00a0U\u017eivatel\u00e9 by m\u011bli m\u00edt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f mo\u017enost kriticky zpochyb\u0148ovat obsah nam\u00edsto spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na p\u0159edem vybran\u00e9 informace.<\/li>\n
  4. Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plurality:<\/strong>\u00a0Nam\u00edsto up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zaveden\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed by alternativn\u00ed hlasy m\u011bly m\u00edt tak\u00e9 spravedliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k platform\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br: kontrola m\u00edsto svobody<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

    Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed EMEK maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty. P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se ale ukazuje, \u017ee by mohly slou\u017eit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlivu st\u00e1tu a zaveden\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed na utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee pod z\u00e1minkou regulace moci platforem dojde k omezen\u00ed svobody projevu a nastolen\u00ed jednostrann\u00e9 suverenity v\u00fdkladu.<\/p>\n

    Maj\u00ed-li b\u00fdt demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty a n\u00e1zorov\u00e1 rozmanitost skute\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bny, jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed transparentnost a osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost \u2013 nikoli posiluj\u00ed moc st\u00e1tu a m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Platformov\u00e1 moc a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed: Jak chce st\u00e1t roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou kontrolu Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed komise…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22857,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,158,387,48],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70311"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70312,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70311\/revisions\/70312"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}