{"id":7013,"date":"2021-12-21T02:59:14","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T01:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=7013"},"modified":"2021-12-21T02:59:14","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T01:59:14","slug":"pred-77-lety-na-den-presne-dostali-plzenaci-od-usa-vanocni-darek-bombardovani-mesta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/12\/21\/pred-77-lety-na-den-presne-dostali-plzenaci-od-usa-vanocni-darek-bombardovani-mesta\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ed 77 lety na den p\u0159esn\u011b dostali Plze\u0148\u00e1ci od USA v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rek \u2013 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed are\u00e1l \u0160kodov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f v Plzni zas\u00e1hly americk\u00e9 bomby 20. prosince 1944. Sypaly se zpod k\u0159\u00eddel 15. leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy USA. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nenal\u00e9t\u00e1vali poprv\u00e9, ale a\u017e prosincov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo destruktivn\u00ed, zabilo 130 lid\u00ed, zranilo na 240 osob. Zasa\u017eeno bylo i centrum m\u011bsta, \u0161kola a hotel. Je\u0161t\u011b destruktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1let p\u0159i\u0161el v dubnu 1945.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zavolal jsem do \u00daOP v Plzni, pan magistr\u00a0Karel Foud<\/strong>\u00a0\u0159ekl, \u017ee nev\u00ed o tom, zda by si v Plzni dnes (20.12.2021) n\u011bjak p\u0159ipom\u00ednali tento prosincov\u00fd n\u00e1let. M\u011bl pro n\u00e1s form\u00e1ln\u00ed informaci (pro inspiraci):<\/p>\n

\u201eKoho by zaj\u00edmalo bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Plzn\u011b z prosince 1944, m\u016f\u017ee si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst knihu Sir\u00e9ny oslavuj\u00ed Plze\u0148 (\u010cSR\/1948), jej\u00edm\u017e autorem je Miloslav Nohejl. Bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm byl zasa\u017een d\u016fm, v n\u011bm\u017e Nohejl bydlel… Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 spisovatelka Jana Poncarov\u00e1 zmi\u0148uje ve sv\u00e9 beletristick\u00e9 tvorb\u011b z\u00e1sah hotelu Continental v samotn\u00e9m centru Plzn\u011b (viz rom\u00e1n Eugenie: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010desk\u00e9 hoteli\u00e9rky). Americk\u00e1 bomba propadla sv\u011btl\u00edkem a zabila lidi v krytu. Zahynul i majitel hotelu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Na \u00daOP mi potvrdili, \u017ee byla po\u0161kozena americk\u00fdm n\u00e1letem tak\u00e9 \u0161kola, kter\u00e9 se tehdy \u0159\u00edkalo \u201eU Hamburku\u201c\u2026<\/p>\n

Polo\u017eili jsme dotaz i panu docentu\u00a0Radom\u00edru Vl\u010dkovi<\/strong>, historikovi, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jeho rodina m\u00e1 zku\u0161enost s americk\u00fdm n\u00e1letem ze strany maminky (pracovnice n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed), ale on s\u00e1m se v\u011bnuje jin\u00fdm d\u011bjin\u00e1m. Rozhodn\u011b ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/p>\n

\u201eJe t\u0159eba sledovat problematiku bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e Ameri\u010dany \u010di Rusy v kontextu v\u00e1lky, kdy Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty i SSSR spolupracovaly p\u0159i pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nacismu. Bohu\u017eel dne\u0161n\u00ed historiografii u n\u00e1s sch\u00e1z\u00ed pohled na d\u011bjiny tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc bez emoc\u00ed\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1tili jsme se na historika\u00a0Emila Vor\u00e1\u010dka<\/strong>, kter\u00fd problematiku americk\u00e9ho a rusk\u00e9ho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed osv\u011btlil viz n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se n\u011bjak odli\u0161it americk\u00e9 a sov\u011btsk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se uskute\u010dnilo v z\u00e1v\u011bru druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky? V Plzni byli mrtv\u00ed a zran\u011bn\u00ed civilist\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emil Vor\u00e1\u010dek<\/strong>: Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee SSSR nem\u011bl je\u0161t\u011b strategick\u00e9 bombardovac\u00ed\u00a0letectvo<\/a>, m\u011bli sice PE-8 Petljakov, ale t\u011bch bylo m\u00e1lo. Sov\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvali frontov\u00e9 bombardovac\u00ed letectvo TU-2 Tupolev\u2026 Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nad Plzn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvala bombard\u00e9ry BE-17 Flying Fortress, (B-17 je takov\u00e1 \u201emen\u0161\u00ed\u201c B-29, m\u00e1 velk\u00fd dolet). Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz ni\u010d\u00edm takov\u00fdm nedisponoval.<\/p>\n

K va\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zce: kolater\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m se ve v\u00e1lce nelze vyhnout. Skute\u010dnost je takov\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkolik bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Plzn\u011b se nepovedlo, a\u017e p\u0159i\u0161lo to prosincov\u00e9 \u201e\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9\u201c\u2026 Hlavn\u00ed\u00a0bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u0160kodov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f p\u0159ipadlo a\u017e na duben 1945. Kdyby Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 m\u011bli z\u00e1jem o zni\u010den\u00ed fabriky, byli by ji bombardovali hned, co nejd\u0159\u00edv, tedy ji\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, ne\u010dekali by na nic. Tato tov\u00e1rna byla u n\u00e1s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zbrojovkou a produkce slou\u017eila wehrmachtu\u2026 \u017de by USA cht\u011bly vybombardovat z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b plze\u0148sk\u00fd hotel Continental, to se \u0159\u00edci ned\u00e1. Prost\u011b ve v\u00e1lce se um\u00edr\u00e1\u2026 N\u011bco jin\u00e9ho je, co provedli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 v Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech, to byla vylo\u017een\u011b pomsta.<\/p>\n

A sov\u011btsk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed ni\u010dily ty c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 souvisely s postupuj\u00edc\u00ed frontou, \u0161lo o taktick\u00e9 frontov\u00e9 c\u00edle, zat\u00edmco Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00ed\u0159ili ofici\u00e1ln\u011b na fabriku, prov\u00e1d\u011bli vlastn\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00ed strategick\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u017de prolet\u011bla bomba sv\u011btl\u00edkem hotelu, to je sp\u00ed\u0161e tak\u00e9 i z\u00e1le\u017eitost nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 konstrukce budovy, ale na druhou stranu ta nebyla prim\u00e1rn\u011b stav\u011bn\u00e1 \u201edo v\u00e1lky\u201c\u2026 Jinak jsem Plze\u0148\u00e1k, v\u00edm, kde je hotel Continental. Rozhodn\u011b se nenal\u00e9z\u00e1 u \u0160kodovky\u2026<\/p>\n

Nakolik lze v\u011b\u0159it autor\u016fm Barto\u0161ek a Pichl\u00edk. Ti popisuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad dal\u0161\u00ed US n\u00e1let, nedlouho po tom prosincov\u00e9m, a tento popisuj\u00ed slovy:\u00a0\u201e\u202617. a 18. dubna 1945, t\u0159i ned\u011ble p\u0159ed skon\u010den\u00edm v\u00e1lky dali ameri\u010dt\u00ed imperialist\u00e9 sv\u00fdm leteck\u00fdm sil\u00e1m rozkaz ni\u010dit a vra\u017edit i v Plzni. Jen n\u00e1letem ze 17. dubna byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zni\u010deny \u0160kvr\u0148any (spr\u00e1vn\u011b Skvr\u0148any, pozn.) a Karlov, d\u011blnick\u00e9 \u010dtvrti v Plzni. Americk\u00e9 bomby zabily 624 ob\u010dan\u016f a 453 jich zranily\u201c\u2026<\/em>\u00a0Text autor\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed dost expresivn\u011b a v \u00daOPu si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00e1 kniha je m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno tenden\u010dn\u00ed. V knize jsou ale p\u0159ece fotografie m\u011bstsk\u00fdch budov, kter\u00e9 Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 n\u00e1lety poni\u010dili, v\u010detn\u011b rozbombardovan\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu pivovaru\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barto\u0161ek s Pichl\u00edkem byli v t\u00e9to publikaci skute\u010dn\u011b v roli (expresivn\u00edch) propagandist\u016f, nezapome\u0148me, \u017ee bylo kr\u00e1tce po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a\u00a0studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/a>\u00a0v pln\u00e9m proudu, ale na stranu druhou si nevym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed. Fakta, kter\u00e1 si p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed pozitivisticky dob\u0159e nastudovali. Barto\u0161ka i Pichl\u00edka jsem osobn\u011b znal, v tu dobu byli u\u017e sta\u0159\u00ed chlapi… Barto\u0161ek (\u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota v emigraci, zem\u0159el v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei \/2004\/) se dokonce pozd\u011bji pod\u00edlel na \u010cern\u00e9 knize komunismu. Oba to byli poctiv\u00ed auto\u0159i, dikce knihy Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch v roce 1945 je prost\u011b poplatn\u00e1 50. l\u00e9t\u016fm, tomu bych se nedivil, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ostatn\u011b kn\u00ed\u017eka i vy\u0161la. \u0158\u00edkali mi, \u017ee svou knihu, ji\u017e zmi\u0148ujete, vydali zkr\u00e1tka v ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b \u201ea hotovo\u201c. Fakta t\u00e9to knihy jsou ale v\u011brohodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jinak p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edchodu Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy se stalo n\u011bkolik ne\u00famysln\u00fdch incident\u016f na Morav\u011b, kdy bomby z IL-2 tak\u00e9 po\u0161kodily civiln\u00ed obyvatelstvo, ale s masivn\u00edmi n\u00e1lety t\u0159eba na Plze\u0148 od Ameri\u010dan\u016f, to se srovn\u00e1vat ned\u00e1. Shrnul bych to takto: Sov\u011bti plnili p\u0159ifrontov\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Ni\u010dili c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 souvisely s postupuj\u00edc\u00ed arm\u00e1dou. I zde se staly ur\u010dit\u00e9 p\u0159ehmaty, ale nebylo to nikdy z\u00e1m\u011brem. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 Sch\u00f6rnerova arm\u00e1da na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed m\u011bla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b onen milion voj\u00e1k\u016f, zde se muselo postupovat rychle, proto\u017ee nacist\u00e9 mohli nap\u00e1chat je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b \u0161kod, mimochodem u Brna postupuj\u00edc\u00ed Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pou\u017e\u00edvala US tanky Sherman viz ona spolupr\u00e1ce SSSR a USA. Je smutn\u00e9, \u017ee v Plzni um\u00edrali civilist\u00e9, dnes je to 77 let.<\/p>\n

Vladim\u00edr Franta<\/strong><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed are\u00e1l \u0160kodov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f v Plzni zas\u00e1hly americk\u00e9 bomby 20. prosince 1944. Sypaly se zpod…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1128,1603],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7013"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7013"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7013\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}