{"id":69873,"date":"2025-01-10T00:32:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T23:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=69873"},"modified":"2025-01-09T10:58:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T09:58:23","slug":"lorenzo-maria-pacini-nove-kroky-k-arkticke-valce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/10\/lorenzo-maria-pacini-nove-kroky-k-arkticke-valce\/","title":{"rendered":"Lorenzo Maria Pacini: Nov\u00e9 kroky k arktick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Projekt Severn\u00ed koridor, sponzorovan\u00fd Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, znovu podn\u00edtil z\u00e1jem o Arktidu a Pol\u00e1ky, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo nov\u011b zvolen\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Trumpa, aby se t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti okam\u017eit\u011b ujal.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak rok 2024 pokra\u010duje, z\u00e1vod o severn\u00ed trasy zes\u00edlil. Projekt Severn\u00ed koridor, sponzorovan\u00fd Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, znovu podn\u00edtil z\u00e1jem o Arktidu a Pol\u00e1ky, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo nov\u011b zvolen\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Trumpa k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu. Pokusme se pochopit d\u016fvody mo\u017en\u00e9 \u201earktick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pohled na sever<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

O nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m severu se nikdy nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed. Na severn\u00edm p\u00f3lu je vesnice Santa Clause se sv\u00fdmi elfy, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed d\u00e1rky pro hodn\u00e9 d\u011bti, ale nic v\u00edc. Jsme zvykl\u00ed d\u00edvat se na mapu sv\u011bta ze strany rovn\u00edku, ale pokud se pokus\u00edme pod\u00edvat \u201eshora\u201c um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm p\u00f3lu do st\u0159edu, prostorov\u00fd pohled na geografii Zem\u011b n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje uva\u017eovat zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arktida jako makroregion pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 14 milion\u016f kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a je domovem d\u0159\u00edve nevy\u010d\u00edslen\u00fdch z\u00e1sob uhlovod\u00edk\u016f, drah\u00fdch kov\u016f a vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konkurence mezi arktick\u00fdmi mocnostmi je umocn\u011bna p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi se \u00fazemn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno. \u010cl\u00e1nek 76 \u00damluvy Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (UNCLOS) umo\u017e\u0148uje st\u00e1t\u016fm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161elfy, ale n\u00e1roky se \u010dasto p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu, na kter\u00fd si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed Rusko, D\u00e1nsko a Kanada. Zejm\u00e9na Rusko zv\u00fd\u0161ilo svou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Arktid\u011b, znovu otev\u0159elo z\u00e1kladny studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a rozvinulo pokro\u010dil\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a raketov\u00e9 kapacity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00e9n\u011b aktivn\u00ed, ned\u00e1vno zv\u00fd\u0161ily svou strategickou anga\u017eovanost v t\u00e9to oblasti, proto\u017ee pova\u017euj\u00ed Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu \u2013 posledn\u011b jmenovanou jako \u201ep\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b arktick\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c \u2013 za vyzyvatele p\u0159i kontrole zdroj\u016f a tras. P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010c\u00edna nehrani\u010d\u00ed s Arktidou, investovala do \u201eHedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky Pol\u00e1k\u016f\u201c a podporovala infrastrukturn\u00ed a v\u011bdeckou spolupr\u00e1ci s arktick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to terra incognita le\u017e\u00ed Gr\u00f3nsko, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrov sv\u011bta, v severn\u00edm Atlantiku a pol\u00e1rn\u00edm kruhu, na p\u016fli cesty mezi Severn\u00ed Amerikou a Evropou. Asi 80 % povrchu ostrova pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov, kter\u00fd je po Antarktid\u011b druh\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Tento ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov, kter\u00fd dosahuje tlou\u0161\u0165ky v\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 metr\u016f, je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob sladk\u00e9 vody na zemi. Zbytek oblasti tvo\u0159\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti bez ledu s velkolep\u00fdmi tundrami a fjordy. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se zde tak\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ledovcov\u00e1 plo\u0161ina obklopen\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi horami s vrcholy vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159es 3 700 metr\u016f, jako je Mount Gunnbj\u00f8rn, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod na ostrov\u011b. Hluboce za\u0159\u00edznut\u00e9 fjordy jsou domovem aktivn\u00edch ledovc\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed ledovc\u016fm proudit do mo\u0159e. Klimaticky \u0159e\u010deno\u2026 je zima!<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd n\u00e1rok na Gr\u00f3nsko<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Blon\u010fat\u00fd chl\u00e1pek v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b za\u010dal okam\u017eit\u011b mluvit o Gr\u00f3nsku a \u201edob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c pevniny. Z jak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu?<\/span><\/p>\n

Gr\u00f3nsko je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ostrovem sv\u011bta a p\u0159edstavuje 22 % \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, tedy rozlohy It\u00e1lie, Francie, \u0160pan\u011blska, N\u011bmecka, Polska a Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed dohromady s pouh\u00fdmi 60 000 obyvateli. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed D\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, ale m\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 autonomn\u00ed pravomoci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy US Geological Survey se 13 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 ropy a 30 % zemn\u00edho plynu, stejn\u011b jako zlato, rub\u00edny, diamanty, zinek, \u017eelezo, m\u011b\u010f, vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zeminy a mnoho uranu, nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod zem\u00ed (mezi pevninou a oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dno), s celkovou odhadovanou hodnotou kolem 400 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00edmu HDP D\u00e1nska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump u\u017e v l\u00e9t\u011b 2019 nazna\u010dil v regionu zlatou hore\u010dku, ale je toho mnohem v\u00edc: obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ropy, plynu, palladia, niklu, fosf\u00e1tu, bauxitu, uranu, vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin a dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje zde ji\u017e n\u011bkolik tajn\u00fdch americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen, s v\u00fdjimkou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Pituffik, kter\u00e1 je centrem cel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 ochrany NORAD. Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee strategick\u00fd d\u016fraz ledov\u00e9ho ostrova je geostrategick\u00fd, proto\u017ee je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu a kontroluje p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u00f3lu pro cel\u00fd jihoz\u00e1pad. Na druhou stranu jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pol\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1rod pouze pro \u010d\u00e1st (severn\u00ed) Alja\u0161ky, co\u017e byla kdysi rusk\u00e1 p\u016fda zakoupen\u00e1 od Ameri\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro severn\u00ed p\u00f3l, kter\u00fd soused\u00ed se Sibi\u0159\u00ed, \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed svou Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed hedv\u00e1bnou stezku, strategickou alternativu, jak obej\u00edt \u00fa\u017einy jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie (tehdy Bab el-Mandeb, Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Suez) a zkr\u00e1tit dobu p\u0159echodu do Evropy.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1nov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou velmi ekologi\u010dt\u00ed a pacifist\u00e9, budou \u010delit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu s image: pokud budou ud\u011blena povolen\u00ed k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b zdroj\u016f oblasti, situace se radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed a D\u00e1nsko p\u0159evezme vedouc\u00ed roli na jadern\u00e9m trhu. Pro Gr\u00f3nsko je v\u0161ak c\u00edl mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed: Krom\u011b uranu odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f dal\u0161\u00ed podzemn\u00ed poklady, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1kaj\u00ed obry vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin a strategick\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed. To v\u0161e ke \u0161kod\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit a jejich zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota, ale tr\u017en\u00edm mocnostem je to jedno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Trumpovu Ameriku neexistuj\u00ed mal\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: Arktick\u00e1 rada, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1991, nyn\u00ed zahrnuje v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b NATO (Kanadu, D\u00e1nsko, Finsko, Island, Norsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a USA), s v\u00fdjimkou Ruska, kter\u00e9 je prominentn\u00ed \u010dlen, ale je p\u0159edm\u011btem ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu a je dr\u017een stranou na rozhodovac\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vstup \u0160v\u00e9dska a Finska do NATO byl d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed arktick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Zejm\u00e9na s Finskem a sekund\u00e1rn\u011b se \u0160v\u00e9dskem je p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017eena jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v Arktid\u011b, poloostrov Kola. S p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 lod\u011bmi maj\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flotilu na l\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00ed led\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b a jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost na p\u00f3lu je dob\u0159e organizovan\u00e1 a neust\u00e1le posilovan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed p\u00e1r dny Trump o\u017eivil my\u0161lenku koup\u011b ostrova, my\u0161lenku, kterou Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 prosazuj\u00ed od roku 1867 a kterou Trump s\u00e1m polo\u017eil na st\u016fl b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho prezidentov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159evedl Kena Howeryho, velvyslance ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku, kter\u00fd z\u0159ejm\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdmi argumenty donutil Stockholm se z\u0159\u00edci neutrality, kter\u00e1 existovala asi dv\u011b stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee Howery, mlad\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra, byl jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f PayPalu a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Pay Pal Mafie, kam pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 Thiel, Musk, Nosek a Levchin. Musk a Howery se magicky spojili. Jak\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed n\u00e1hoda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezidentsk\u00fd doprovod se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u201eZelen\u00e9 zem\u011b\u201c uprost\u0159ed ledu – zat\u00edmco obyvatelstvo \u017eije t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na jihu. Inuit\u00e9 jsou populac\u00ed s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou sebevra\u017ed na sv\u011bt\u011b: utopit je v dolarech je neud\u011bl\u00e1 \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdmi, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 jim to pom\u016f\u017ee. A\u0165 u\u017e jde o sektorov\u00fd n\u00e1kup, dlouhodob\u00fd pron\u00e1jem, stavebn\u00ed povolen\u00ed a t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed koncese \u2013 nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 politick\u00fd p\u0159evrat v d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b \u2013 USA jsou p\u0159ipraveny hr\u00e1t svou hru.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je v souladu s americk\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem \u201eznovu sjednotit Ameriku\u201c, aby byla znovu skv\u011bl\u00e1, a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to je\u0161t\u011b srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, kdy\u017e vezmeme v \u00favahu shodu okolnost\u00ed s panamskou ot\u00e1zkou, kv\u016fli n\u00ed\u017e Trump zopakoval svou touhu po anexi. Strategie, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, vezmeme-li v \u00favahu, \u017ee Trump bere multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj sv\u011bta v\u00e1\u017en\u011b: mus\u00ed tedy zhustit sv\u016fj p\u00f3l a poskl\u00e1dat v\u0161echny kousky dohromady, aby byl p\u0159ipraven v\u00e9st v\u00e1lku s nov\u00fdmi po\u010detn\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Projekt Severn\u00ed koridor, sponzorovan\u00fd Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, znovu podn\u00edtil z\u00e1jem o Arktidu a Pol\u00e1ky, co\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,3484,452,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69873"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}