{"id":69668,"date":"2025-01-07T00:33:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T23:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=69668"},"modified":"2025-01-06T17:21:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T16:21:29","slug":"od-slunecniho-svetla-do-hlubin-skryty-zdroj-kysliku-ktery-vyvolava-kontroverze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/07\/od-slunecniho-svetla-do-hlubin-skryty-zdroj-kysliku-ktery-vyvolava-kontroverze\/","title":{"rendered":"Od slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla do hlubin: Skryt\u00fd zdroj kysl\u00edku, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverze"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Hlubinn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch kov\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed l\u00e1kavou cestu k energetick\u00e9 transformaci, ale hroz\u00ed, \u017ee zni\u010d\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9 podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/strong> Norsko, kter\u00e9 se dlouho profilovalo jako l\u00eddr v ochran\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f, nyn\u00ed v\u00e1h\u00e1 mezi ekonomick\u00fdmi ambicemi a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed.<\/strong> Rozhodnut\u00ed pozastavit rozs\u00e1hlou podmo\u0159skou t\u011b\u017ebu polymetalick\u00fdch konkrec\u00ed ukazuje, jak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je tyto protich\u016fdn\u00e9 c\u00edle vyv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/strong> P\u0159evratn\u00fd objev mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f nav\u00edc odhalil, \u017ee tyto konkrece mohou produkovat kysl\u00edk i bez slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Norsko si dalo pauzu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Norsko se rozhodlo odlo\u017eit sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na povolen\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch hlubinn\u00fdch vrt\u016f ve sv\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u00fd posun oproti lednu, kdy vl\u00e1da kontroverzn\u00ed projekt p\u016fvodn\u011b schv\u00e1lila. N\u00e1vrh m\u011bl otev\u0159\u00edt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 300 000 km2<\/sup> mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna pro t\u011b\u017ebu polymetalick\u00fdch konkrec\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v bateri\u00edch pro elektromobily nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely. Z\u00e1jem Norska o hlubinnou t\u011b\u017ebu pramen\u00ed z touhy sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na \u010c\u00edn\u011b v oblasti drah\u00fdch kov\u016f. Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika spojen\u00e1 s t\u011b\u017ebou v\u0161ak vyvolala siln\u00fd odpor. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sehr\u00e1la norsk\u00e1 Socialistick\u00e1 levicov\u00e1 strana, kter\u00e1 pohrozila sta\u017een\u00edm podpory vl\u00e1dn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu, pokud nebude zru\u0161eno prvn\u00ed kolo ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 na rok 2025. Premi\u00e9r Jonas Gahr St\u00f8re podle BBC up\u0159esnil, \u017ee pozastaven\u00ed je do\u010dasn\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edpravy regula\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed vliv\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed budou pokra\u010dovat. Norsk\u00e1 organizace pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed ozna\u010dila pozastaven\u00ed za velk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Tento krok v\u0161ak zanechal norsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se podmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi vrty v nejistot\u011b. O\u010dek\u00e1valy, \u017ee se budou moci uch\u00e1zet o prvn\u00ed kolo licenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Paradoxem je, \u017ee Norsko, kter\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za samozvan\u00e9ho l\u00eddra v ochran\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f, chce z\u00e1rove\u0148 pokra\u010dovat v potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 hlubinn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed BBC, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed studie o ekologick\u00fdch dopadech kritizoval Norsk\u00fd institut pro v\u00fdzkum mo\u0159\u00ed, podle n\u011bho\u017e je k \u00fapln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed rizik zapot\u0159eb\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt let v\u00fdzkumu. V\u011bdci i st\u00e1ty varovali p\u0159ed ekologick\u00fdmi dopady t\u011b\u017eby a vyslovili se pro moratorium nebo jej\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed zranitelnost a biologickou rozmanitost mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna s t\u00edm, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed \u010dinnost by mohla zni\u010dit jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a neprozkouman\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 druhy. Profesor Franz Geiger ze Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed univerzity v Illinois uvedl p\u0159\u00edklad t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch lokalit v Clarion-Clippertonov\u011b z\u00f3n\u011b (CCZ) mezi Havaj\u00ed a Mexikem, kde ani po desetilet\u00edch od t\u011b\u017eby nedo\u0161lo k obnov\u011b bakteri\u00ed. Tyto oblasti jsou v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e9m kontrastu s nedot\u010den\u00fdmi podmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi lokalitami, kde je rozmanitost \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f dokonce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v de\u0161tn\u00e9m pralese. Podle Britsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9ho muzea jsou konkrece nezbytn\u00e9 pro mnoho forem \u017eivota a vysl\u00e1n\u00ed stroj\u016f by ovlivnilo nejen je, ale i mo\u0159sk\u00e9 savce, mohlo by po\u0161kodit ekosyst\u00e9my ve st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b naru\u0161it zp\u016fsob ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, co\u017e by m\u011blo negativn\u00ed dopad na sv\u011btov\u00e9 klima.<\/p>\n

Tmav\u00fd kysl\u00edk<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V souvislosti s podmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi konkrecemi u\u010dinili v\u011bdci d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd objev. Studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dervenci 2024 v \u010dasopise Nature Geoscience ukazuje, \u017ee miliony let star\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 konkrece hluboko v temn\u00fdch m\u00edstech Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu produkuj\u00ed tzv. temn\u00fd kysl\u00edk. Tento p\u0159evratn\u00fd objev u\u010dinili v\u011bdci b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu v z\u00f3n\u011b Clarion-Clipperton v hloubce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 000 metr\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u00edm c\u00edlem expedice v roce 2013 bylo vypo\u010d\u00edtat mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku spot\u0159ebov\u00e1van\u00e9ho organismy na dn\u011b oce\u00e1nu. To, \u010deho si v\u0161ak v\u011bdci v\u0161imli, byl p\u0159esn\u00fd opak. Neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u00fadaje o kysl\u00edku p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtali poru\u0161e senzoru, ale opakovan\u00e9 expedice v letech 2021 a 2022 potvrdily zv\u00fd\u0161enou koncentraci, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve vod\u00e1ch pln\u00fdch \u0159as na slunci. V\u011bdci zat\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak cel\u00fd mechanismus funguje, ale tvorbu tmav\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bmto horninov\u00fdm konkrec\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se nenach\u00e1zely v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ze zkouman\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. P\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed bylo na povrchu konkrec\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159eno nap\u011bt\u00ed kolem 1 voltu, co\u017e v\u011bdce vedlo k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m seskupen\u00ed v\u00edce konkrec\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k elektrol\u00fdze, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se voda \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed na kysl\u00edk a vod\u00edk.<\/p>\n

S\u00edrany z\u00edskan\u00e9 z kov\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Konkrece jsou tvo\u0159eny oxidem \u017eeleza, manganu, kobaltu, niklu, lithia a dal\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na zelenou energii. P\u0159itom jen v CCZ se podle U.S. Geological Survey nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 21,1 miliardy tun konkrec\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce kov\u016f ne\u017e v\u0161echny sv\u011btov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby na sou\u0161i. Toto slo\u017een\u00ed vyu\u017eily ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch spole\u010dnosti TMC the metals company (TMC) a SGS Canada, kter\u00fdm se od \u010dervna 2024 poda\u0159ilo vyr\u00e1b\u011bt s\u00edran kobaltnat\u00fd ve vysok\u00e9 \u010distot\u011b. Tomu p\u0159edch\u00e1zel pokrok ve v\u00fdrob\u011b s\u00edranu nikelnat\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eil polymetalick\u00e9 konkrece t\u011b\u017een\u00e9 v lokalit\u011b Clarion-Clipperton. Tyto \u00fasp\u011bchy jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strategie spole\u010dnosti TMC pro uspokojen\u00ed rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po t\u011bchto kovech. Krom\u011b toho byly p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny i bezodpadov\u00e9, vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty hnojiv.<\/p>\n

Zaveden\u00ed a propad akci\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kontroverze kolem podzemn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby spole\u010dnosti TMC jsou \u010detn\u00e9. Ekologick\u00e9 skupiny Deep Sea Mining Campaign (DSMC), The Ocean Foundation (TOF) a Blue Climate Initiative (BCI) podaly v \u010dervenci 2024 st\u00ed\u017enost na spole\u010dnost TMC u Komise pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy byla kanadsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost obvin\u011bna z poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch a zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se jej\u00ed kvalifikace, finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, popt\u00e1vky po kovech, kter\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuje t\u011b\u017eit, a jejich souvislosti s popt\u00e1vkou po bateri\u00edch a dopadu na domorod\u00e9 komunity. Krom\u011b toho skupiny tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnost TMC bagatelizovala regula\u010dn\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s t\u011b\u017ebou. Krom\u011b toho \u010del\u00ed soudn\u00edmu sporu a dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ovlivnily v\u00fdkonnost jej\u00edch akci\u00ed. Ty maj\u00ed od vstupu TMC na burzu klesaj\u00edc\u00ed tendenci a kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b se nezvy\u0161uj\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 USD. K 19. prosinci 2024 \u010dinila jejich hodnota 0,76 USD*.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj ceny akci\u00ed spole\u010dnosti TMC the metal company za posledn\u00edch 5 let.<\/em> (Zdroj: Yahoo Finance)<\/em> *<\/p>\n

Ol\u00edvia Lacenov\u00e1, hlavn\u00ed analyti\u010dka spole\u010dnosti <\/em><\/strong>Wonderinterest Trading Ltd.<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

* Minul\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost nen\u00ed z\u00e1rukou budouc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hlubinn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch kov\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed l\u00e1kavou cestu k energetick\u00e9 transformaci, ale hroz\u00ed, \u017ee zni\u010d\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[4876,6459,4878,7183],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69668"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69668"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69671,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69668\/revisions\/69671"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}