{"id":69607,"date":"2025-01-06T00:46:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T23:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=69607"},"modified":"2025-01-05T17:03:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T16:03:00","slug":"josef-sedlak-jak-z-obeti-udelat-zlocince-a-ze-zlocincu-obeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/01\/06\/josef-sedlak-jak-z-obeti-udelat-zlocince-a-ze-zlocincu-obeti\/","title":{"rendered":"Josef Sedl\u00e1k: Jak z ob\u011bt\u00ed ud\u011blat zlo\u010dince a ze zlo\u010dinc\u016f ob\u011bti"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edte neust\u00e1le \u2013 a letos to z\u00a0Augsburku na jejich sjezdu zazn\u011blo znovu \u2013 o tom,\u00a0 jak bezcitn\u00fd, ba krut\u00fd\u00a0 odsun\u00a0 – tedy dle nich vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed, byl, kdy\u017e bavorsk\u00fd ministersk\u00fd p\u0159edseda vol\u00ed o vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0 velmi tvrd\u00e1 slova na na\u0161i adresu \u2013\u00a0pln\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te, co na to \u0159eknou na\u0161i p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politici. A hle, oni jsou zticha. Premi\u00e9r a sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u00e1n v\u00a0\u010cern\u00ednu sp\u00ed\u0161e nacvi\u010duj\u00ed uctiv\u00e9 poklony v\u016f\u010di ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hostu z\u00a0Bavorska.<\/strong>\u00a0O topovc\u00edch a b\u011blobr\u00e1kovc\u00edch rad\u011bji ani nemluvit. O t\u011bch novodob\u00fdch kolaborantech, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ji\u017e i ve vl\u00e1d\u011b, nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it, v\u017edy\u0165 mezi nimi jsou p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00ed \u201ek\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n

Je mnoho argument\u016f, kter\u00fdmi lze odsunut\u00e9 N\u011bmce ok\u0159iknout. Zejm\u00e9na po t\u00e9 divadeln\u00ed fra\u0161ce v\u00a0Brn\u011b, kde ostudnou roli sehr\u00e1l i anovsk\u00fd prim\u00e1tor m\u011bsta. Uve\u010fme si alespo\u0148 jeden p\u0159\u00edklad, tentokr\u00e1t od soused\u016f v\u00a0Polsku. Jak prob\u00edhalo vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed Pol\u00e1k\u016f z\u00a0polsk\u00e9 Gdyn\u011b v\u00a0roce 1939.\u00a0 Tedy, jak\u00a0 jej organizovali ti, jejich\u017e potomci st\u00e1le a v\u0161ude pl\u00e1\u010d\u00ed nad sv\u00fdm zl\u00fdm a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zcela nespravedliv\u00fdm osudem.<\/p>\n

Zlo\u010din\u016f v\u016f\u010di Pol\u00e1k\u016fm N\u011bmci se dopou\u0161t\u011bli v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let. Za nacistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry dostoupily sv\u00e9ho a\u017e zcela nelidsk\u00e9ho vrcholu. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 diplomacie si l\u00e9ta s\u00a0Pol\u00e1ky hr\u00e1la na dobr\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed rozd\u00e1vaj\u00ed pln\u00fdma rukama. \u00a0V\u00a0onom obdob\u00ed, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci\u00a0 v\u00a0sana\u010dn\u011b \u2013 hitlerovsk\u00e9m flitru, jezdili G\u00f6ring a Himmler na lov zubr\u016f do B\u011blov\u011b\u017esk\u00e9ho pralesa.\u00a0 V\u00a0debat\u00e1ch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovali beckovsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dce o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch, pokud Polsko p\u0159ejde na jejich stranu. Slibovali mu i kus Ukrajiny, pokud se z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed v\u00e1lky proti bol\u0161evick\u00e9mu Rusku. Ale m\u011bli t\u00e9\u017e \u201emal\u00e9, zanedbateln\u00e9 po\u017eadavky\u201c. Po\u017eadovali Gda\u0148sk a exteritori\u00e1ln\u00ed koridor z\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159es polsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed do tehdej\u0161\u00edho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Pruska. Kdy\u017e Pol\u00e1ci se nem\u011bli k\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f, za\u010dalo N\u011bmecko prudkou kampa\u0148 i proti nim. Podobala se jako vejce vejci kampani, ji\u017e vedla \u0159\u00ed\u0161e s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed henleinovc\u016f proti \u010ceskoslovensku v\u00a0r. 1938.\u00a0 Na sc\u00e9nu p\u0159i\u0161la n\u011bmeck\u00e1 men\u0161ina, tentokr\u00e1t v\u00a0Polsku, j\u00ed\u017e ti zl\u00ed Pol\u00e1ci nesnesiteln\u011b utiskovali, tak\u017ee Hitler op\u011bt prohla\u0161oval, \u017ee \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nebude k\u00a0tomu lhostejn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jak to bylo ve skute\u010dnosti? N\u011bmeck\u00e1 men\u0161ina se organizovala, cvi\u010dila, ozbrojovala, vytv\u00e1\u0159ela diverzn\u00ed skupiny. \u00dakolem n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u011bchto formac\u00edch bylo zajistit neru\u0161en\u00fd vp\u00e1d wehrmachtu na polsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a jeho rozvinut\u00ed. Proto byly ur\u010deny skupiny slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f polsk\u00e9 men\u0161iny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zajistit bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fchod n\u011bmeck\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159es mosty i po \u017eeleznici. Sou\u010dasn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bli \u201ev\u011brn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 Polska n\u011bmeck\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti\u201c masovou zpravodajskou \u010dinnost, dokonce sestavovali i seznamy polsk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f, kter\u00e9 po vp\u00e1du N\u011bmc\u016f do Polska p\u0159ed\u00e1vali p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm. Nacist\u00e9 tyto \u201evra\u017eedn\u00e9 seznamy\u201c pou\u017eili a ocenili \u0161pinavou pr\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00e9 p\u00e1t\u00e9 kolony v\u00a0Polsku. N\u00e1sledovaly popravy. Byly masov\u00e9 ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch okupace. \u00a0\u00a0Tak t\u0159eba Lasach Piasnick\u00fdch vyvra\u017edili od \u0159\u00edjna 1939 do dubna 1940 kolem 12 tis\u00edc gdy\u0148sk\u00fdch Pol\u00e1k\u016f, nemalou \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich tvo\u0159ila inteligence. Polsk\u00e1 Gdynia byla za\u010dlen\u011bna do Velkon\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Odpov\u011bdnost za v\u0161echny zlo\u010diny p\u0159ipadala hlavn\u011b na gda\u0148sk\u00e9ho gauleitra Alberta Foerstera a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i na tamn\u00ed N\u011bmce.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd v\u016fdce SS a policie, H. Himmler, vyu\u017eil Hitler\u016fv dekret\u00a0 z\u00a08. \u0159\u00edjna 1939 a vydal rozkaz k\u00a0okam\u017eit\u00e9mu vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed Pol\u00e1k\u016f ze Gdyn\u011b, Gda\u0148ska a cel\u00e9ho polsk\u00e9ho Pomo\u0159\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se t\u00fdkal \u00fazem\u00ed kolem Poznan\u011b a cel\u00e9ho dosavadn\u00edho polsk\u00e9ho Slezska. Tam v\u0161ude, v\u00a0nov\u00e9m \u201eLebensraumu\u201c se mohli us\u00eddlit \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u0161t\u00ed N\u011bmci, jako\u017e i N\u011bmci z\u00a0baltsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, Ukrajiny, B\u011bloruska a Rumunska.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed selekce vyhnan\u00fdch Pol\u00e1k\u016f byly s\u00a0n\u011bmeckou d\u016fslednost\u00ed provedeny ji v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 v\u00a0podob\u011b divok\u00fdch\u00a0 a n\u00e1siln\u00fdch akc\u00ed pod veden\u00edm SS. Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sledovala 12. \u0159\u00edjna.\u00a0 P\u0159ekvapen\u00ed Pol\u00e1ci byli vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nelidsk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ze sv\u00fdch domov\u016f. Akci organizoval p\u0159\u00edmo policejn\u00ed prezident spolu s\u00a0brigadef\u00fchrerem SS, Christopem Dimem.\u00a0Obyvatelstvo dostalo pouh\u00fdch 20 minut na opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdch domov\u016f. V\u0161em, kdo by stanovenou lh\u016ftu p\u0159ekro\u010dili \u2013 p\u0159eva\u017eovaly \u017eeny s\u00a0d\u011btmi, pohrozili zast\u0159elen\u00edm. V\u0161e ve sv\u00fdch domovech museli nechat, v\u010detn\u011b kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f od byt\u016f a dom\u016f<\/strong>. Velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b na v\u0161e dohl\u00ed\u017eeli v\u00a0Orlow\u011b \u2013 gdy\u0148sk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti, kde se nach\u00e1zeli luxusn\u00ed byty a domy. Jejich obyvateli byla polsk\u00e1 inteligence, in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, specialist\u00e9. Mu\u017ei tu ji\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou nebyli. Byli d\u0159\u00edve uv\u011bzn\u011bni, \u010di zast\u0159eleni.<\/p>\n

A co dovolili \u201enadlid\u00e9\u201c si Pol\u00e1k\u016fm vz\u00edt \u201ena cestu\u201c? Dosp\u011bl\u00e1 osoba mohla si vz\u00edt sebou 20 kg osobn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. \u017deny\u00a0 musely n\u00e9st jak sv\u00e9 zavazadlo, tak i mal\u00e9 d\u011bti \u010di d\u00edt\u011b. Mu\u017ei se mezi vyhnan\u00fdmi vyskytovali ojedin\u011ble. P\u0159es 4000 lid\u00ed bylo \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no vyhn\u00e1no bez potravy, ale i ml\u00e9ka pro d\u011bti, na cestu, kter\u00e1 trvala n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. Vyhnanci cestovali v\u00a0dobyt\u010d\u00edch vagonech, v\u017edy po 60 osob, v\u00a0zim\u011b a hladu. D\u011bti, co nep\u0159e\u017eili, vyhazoval doprovod \u2013 n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed nadlid\u00e9 \u2013 na zast\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

26. \u0159\u00edjna 1939 bylo z\u00a0Gdyn\u011b takto vyhn\u00e1no p\u0159es 100 tis\u00edc Pol\u00e1k\u016f. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed a transportu zem\u0159elo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 tis\u00edc osob. Brzy nato jich bylo povra\u017ed\u011bno p\u0159es 25 tis\u00edc. Z\u00a0Polska, jeho \u010d\u00e1sti, vznikal t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, podle zr\u016fdn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f \u201eGener\u00e1ln\u00ed gouvernement\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9ho pohrani\u010d\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1938 N\u011bmci vyhnali asi na 170 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, \u010cech\u016f a demokratick\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0nich utekli p\u0159es zat\u010den\u00edm \u010di bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00ed henleinovc\u016f jen ve spodn\u00edm pr\u00e1dle. Ti \u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzali sebou alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed v\u011bci, hlavn\u011b doklady a pen\u00edze. Pravdou je, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy v\u00a0pohrani\u010d\u00ed se uplat\u0148ovala \u010ds. st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc, se i z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vyst\u011bhovali. Nemovitosti v\u0161ak z\u016fstaly. Na\u0161i mrtv\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edtali na des\u00edtky, zran\u011bn\u00fdch \u010di zmu\u010den\u00fdch byly snad tis\u00edce. Ti sm\u016flov\u00ed byli odesl\u00e1n\u00ed do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u011bznic, koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f. Jen \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich se vr\u00e1tila.<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed pohrobci odsunut\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f jak z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska, tak i z\u00a0Polska lkaj\u00ed nad krutost\u00ed \u010cech\u016f, O tom, jak oni vyh\u00e1n\u011bli lidi, \u010cechy, Pol\u00e1ky, Ukrajince, B\u011blorusy, Rusy, Jihoslovany, ze sv\u00fdch domov\u016f, kolik jich povra\u017edili, se nejen necht\u011bj\u00ed zn\u00e1t, ale ani sly\u0161et.\u00a0 Odm\u00edtaj\u00ed svou spoluvinu na vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 zemi a milionech zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch. Dne\u0161n\u00ed\u00a0tzv. vyhnanci, v\u010detn\u011b sudet\u016f, d\u011blaj\u00ed ze sebe ob\u011bti a z\u00a0n\u00e1s zlo\u010dince. P\u0159episuj\u00ed d\u011bjiny. Od slov v\u0161ak hodlaj\u00ed p\u0159ikro\u010dit i k\u00a0\u010din\u016fm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0Polsku\u00a0 maj\u00ed obdobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako u n\u00e1s. V\u00a0r. 1997 tam vzniklo Sdru\u017een\u00ed vyhnan\u00fdch Gdy\u0148an\u016f. N\u00e1hrady \u0161kod, kter\u00e9 jim vznikly v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, se od demokratick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka dosud nedo\u010dkali. I na\u0161i vyhnan\u00ed z\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9ho pohrani\u010d\u00ed nebyli nijak od\u0161kodn\u011bni. V\u00a0Polsku i u n\u00e1s se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s\u00a0odpadl\u00edky od n\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u011blesa. Na Opolsku pan Henryk Kr\u00f3l d\u0159\u00edve h\u00e1jil polsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Nyn\u00ed se z\u00a0n\u011bj stal Heinrich Kroll pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0ciz\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. I my m\u00e1me sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0odpadl\u00edky. Ale to je ji\u017e jin\u00e1 kapitola.<\/p>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek:<\/strong> 26. \u0159\u00edjna 1939 bylo z\u00a0Gdyn\u011b takto vyhn\u00e1no p\u0159es 100 tis\u00edc Pol\u00e1k\u016f. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed a transportu zem\u0159elo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 tis\u00edc osob. Brzy nato jich bylo povra\u017ed\u011bno p\u0159es 25 tis\u00edc. Z\u00a0Polska, jeho \u010d\u00e1sti, vznikal t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, podle zr\u016fdn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f \u201eGener\u00e1ln\u00ed gouvernement\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Josef Sedl\u00e1k<\/a>, Plze\u0148<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edte neust\u00e1le \u2013 a letos to z\u00a0Augsburku na jejich sjezdu zazn\u011blo znovu \u2013 o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,429,31,598,112,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69607"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69609,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69607\/revisions\/69609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}