{"id":69179,"date":"2024-12-30T09:31:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T08:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=69179"},"modified":"2024-12-30T09:31:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T08:31:19","slug":"ekvador-co-se-skryva-za-novou-americkou-vojenskou-zakladnou-na-galapagach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/30\/ekvador-co-se-skryva-za-novou-americkou-vojenskou-zakladnou-na-galapagach\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekv\u00e1dor: Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za novou americkou vojenskou z\u00e1kladnou na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da veden\u00e1 prezidentem Danielem Noboou kone\u010dn\u011b zajistila otev\u0159en\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch a Washington roz\u0161i\u0159uje sv\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zhruba 750 vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen ve zhruba 80 zem\u00edch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a bude m\u00edt nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto k rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, jak vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem prok\u00e1zal profesor David z Americk\u00e9 univerzity ve Washingtonu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed, schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Radou guvern\u00e9r\u016f Galap\u00e1g na z\u00e1klad\u011b smluv o vojensk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, zejm\u00e9na \u201eDohoda o stavu sil\u201c (SOFA), bylo formalizov\u00e1no 10. prosince a umo\u017en\u00ed nasazen\u00ed \u010dlun\u016f, letadel a vojensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu v souostrov\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Argument vl\u00e1dy k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je boj proti obchodu s drogami, neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu rybolovu a dal\u0161\u00edm nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m v regionu. Ale geostrategick\u00e1 situace a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext, ve kter\u00e9m se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jsou krom\u011b jin\u00fdch argument\u016f hl\u00e1\u0161eny jako nov\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed suverenity vl\u00e1d\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f u jednac\u00edho stolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed precedens a z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Nantes, kde se na 10 let us\u00eddlila skupina americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f k pln\u011bn\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch mis\u00ed na mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu koordinovan\u00fdch Pl\u00e1nem Kolumbie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale navzdory deklarovan\u00e9mu c\u00edli boje proti obchodu s drogami se n\u00e1sil\u00ed v tomto obdob\u00ed nesn\u00ed\u017eilo a m\u00edra vra\u017ed, kter\u00e1 v dob\u011b instalace z\u00e1kladny v roce 1999 byla 13, 55 na 100 000 obyvatel, a pot\u00e9, co americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byl tam 10 let, dos\u00e1hl 17,74. Zdokumentovali jsme tak\u00e9 21 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nalod\u011bn\u00ed, zni\u010den\u00ed a potopen\u00ed \u010dlun\u016f, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eely migranty, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvali n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cestu p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriku, aby se dostali do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fastavy z roku 2008<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e1 \u00fastava, platn\u00e1 od roku 2008, v\u00fdslovn\u011b zakazuje instalaci ciz\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen na \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento princip byl zahrnut b\u011bhem rozd\u011blen\u00ed americk\u00fdch slo\u017eek, kter\u00e9 prob\u011bhlo za vl\u00e1dy Rafaela Correy a zahrnovalo uzav\u0159en\u00ed americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Manta po neobnoven\u00ed podobn\u00e9 dohody v roce 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 z\u00e1kazu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e9mu v \u00fastav\u011b Noboa p\u0159edlo\u017eil N\u00e1rodn\u00edmu shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh na odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd omezuje zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost. Parlament to odm\u00edtl projednat, ale instalace z\u00e1kladny pokra\u010dovala, jako by byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n souhlas \u00fastavn\u00edho soudce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby dal souhlas, soud vych\u00e1zel z charakteristik dohod SOFA, kter\u00e9 nejprve v roce 2023 podepsal prezident Guillermo Lasso a letos Daniel Noboa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle mexicko-ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9ho sociologa Miguela Ruize Acosty tento typ smlouvy \u201e\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159edstavuje ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9 z\u0159eknut\u00ed se v\u00fdkonu sv\u00e9 naprost\u00e9 suverenity nad velmi citliv\u00fdmi v\u011bcmi, jako je bezpe\u010dnost a samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Ruize Acostu pouze tato kapitulace vysv\u011btluje \u201e\u00a0<\/span>epizody, jako je z\u00e1ludn\u00e1 invaze na mexickou ambas\u00e1du, kterou minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc na\u0159\u00eddil Noboa, akci, kterou jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st za z\u00e1dy mocensk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd vicekancl\u00e9\u0159 Fernando Y\u00e9pez ozna\u010dil toto rozhodnut\u00ed za \u201e\u00a0<\/span>koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed servilitu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenitu: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o z\u00e1jmech Ekv\u00e1doru ani o negativn\u00edch zku\u0161enostech se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00e1kladnami<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil pro m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace odsoudily skute\u010dnost, \u017ee toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo schv\u00e1leno bez konzultace s komunitou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho re\u017eimu Galap\u00e1g, kter\u00fd up\u0159ednost\u0148uje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a blahobyt jeho obyvatel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopad a z\u00e1jmy, kter\u00e9 jsou v s\u00e1zce<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Galap\u00e1gy, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou jedine\u010dnou biodiverzitou a svou rol\u00ed ve studi\u00edch Charlese Darwina, \u010del\u00ed nov\u00fdm ekologick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m s p\u0159\u00edchodem vojensk\u00e9 techniky.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli smlouvy o spolupr\u00e1ci poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 kontroly, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kozen\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu, ekologi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili skepsi: “\u00a0<\/span>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed zku\u0161enosti uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 operace nespl\u0148uj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,“ \u0159ekla ekologick\u00e1 aktivistka Cristina Cely.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho instalace dal\u0161\u00ed infrastruktury v m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstavech a leti\u0161t\u00edch pro provoz z\u00e1kladny by mohla d\u00e1le zm\u011bnit tuto k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed sektory varovaly, \u017ee tato opat\u0159en\u00ed by mohla usnadnit \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s pravidly ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kodit mo\u0159sk\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m rezervace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory vl\u00e1dn\u00edm slib\u016fm, \u017ee z\u00e1kladna pom\u016f\u017ee v boji proti obchodu s drogami a neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu rybolovu, kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento krok prosp\u011bje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm strategick\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA v regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dohoda, kterou Noboa podepsal 15. \u00fanora 2024 s Washingtonem, ud\u011bluje vojensk\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v\u00fdsady a v\u00fdjimky toto\u017en\u00e9 s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou ud\u011bleny diplomatick\u00fdm mis\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed imunity. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch anal\u00fdz to p\u0159edstavuje pro n\u00e1rodn\u00edho suver\u00e9na nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd precedens a vystavuje zemi nov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm konflikt\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Andr\u00e9se Arauze, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta, nen\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro koreanismus, vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, ani zdaleka z\u0159\u00edzena pro boj proti obchodu s drogami. Jej\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje z\u00e1jem Washingtonu \u201e <\/span>m\u00edt z\u00e1kladnu pro t\u0159et\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 strategie ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Pacifiku\u201c. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ji\u017e m\u011bly svou vojenskou z\u00e1kladnu v Balt\u0159e na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, a to z p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arauz tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u00fanor 2025 bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm datem, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 zem\u011b vyberou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho prezidenta, a tedy toho, kdo nap\u00ed\u0161e dal\u0161\u00ed kapitolu vojensk\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na suver\u00e9nn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed Ekv\u00e1doru.<\/span><\/p>\n

TeleSur<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da veden\u00e1 prezidentem Danielem Noboou kone\u010dn\u011b zajistila otev\u0159en\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[6605,37,3456],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69179"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69179\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}