{"id":69005,"date":"2024-12-27T04:25:26","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=69005"},"modified":"2024-12-27T04:25:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:25:26","slug":"uriel-araujo-trump-nyni-vyhrozuje-paname-jeho-neomonroeismus-by-mohl-zapalit-ameriku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/27\/uriel-araujo-trump-nyni-vyhrozuje-paname-jeho-neomonroeismus-by-mohl-zapalit-ameriku\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Trump nyn\u00ed vyhro\u017euje Panam\u011b, jeho \u201eneomonroeismus\u201c by mohl zap\u00e1lit Ameriku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Toto pond\u011bl\u00ed v reakci na Trumpovy\u00a0<\/span>hrozby<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila \u010c\u00edna svou podporu panamsk\u00e9 suverenit\u011b nad Panamsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem. Mluv\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Mao Ning\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl, \u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Panamsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, \u201ezlat\u00e1 vodn\u00ed cesta pro spojen\u00ed mezi zem\u011bmi\u201c, je \u201evelk\u00fdm v\u00fdtvorem panamsk\u00e9ho lidu\u201c a \u017ee \u201e\u010c\u00edna v\u017edy podporovala lid Panamy v jejich spravedliv\u00e9m d\u016fvodu k suverenit\u011b nad kan\u00e1l.“ Dodala, \u017ee kan\u00e1l by m\u011bl z\u016fstat \u201etrvale neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vodn\u00ed cestou\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden nov\u011b zvolen\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee kan\u00e1l je \u201e\u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm majetkem\u201c pevnosti Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a pohrozil, \u017ee nad n\u00edm znovu prosad\u00ed americkou kontrolu. Panamsk\u00fd prezident Jose Raul Mulino r\u00e1zn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bl slovy\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201eJako prezident chci p\u0159esn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed metr Panamsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu a jeho p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 z\u00f3ny pat\u0159\u00ed Panam\u011b a tak to z\u016fstane. O suverenit\u011b a nez\u00e1vislosti na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b se ned\u00e1 vyjedn\u00e1vat.“ Dodal : \u201eKan\u00e1l nen\u00ed pod p\u0159\u00edmou ani nep\u0159\u00edmou kontrolou ani \u010c\u00ednou\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ani Evropsk\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u00edm, ani Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, ani \u017e\u00e1dnou jinou mocnost\u00ed. Jako Panam\u010dan d\u016frazn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1m jak\u00fdkoli projev, kter\u00fd tuto realitu zkresluje.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Panama \u00fa\u010dtuje americk\u00fdm lod\u00edm \u201ep\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ceny\u201c, na co\u017e Mulino reagoval prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm, \u017ee sazby za pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1lu jsou stanoveny ve\u0159ejn\u011b, \u201ena otev\u0159en\u00e9m sly\u0161en\u00ed, s ohledem na podm\u00ednky na trhu, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konkurenci, provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a \u00fadr\u017ebu. a moderniza\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby mezioce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 cesty. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed na \u010dlensk\u00e9 poplatky NATO a na probl\u00e9my s kanadsk\u00fdmi hranicemi se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jde o dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad Trumpovy extr\u00e9mn\u011b agresivn\u00ed r\u00e9toriky, aby hroziv\u011b tla\u010dil na ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, aby d\u011blaly \u00fastupky nebo \u201edodr\u017eovaly\u201c americk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a po\u017eadavky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kan\u00e1l byl pops\u00e1n jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hrdlo, spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Tich\u00fd a Atlantsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n. Panama z\u00edskala nez\u00e1vislost na Kolumbii v roce 1903 a pot\u00e9 byla dlouho c\u00edlem americk\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zajistit americkou kontrolu nad tzv. z\u00f3nou pr\u016fplavu. Teprve v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1977 byly podeps\u00e1ny smlouvy Torrijos-Carter, \u010d\u00edm\u017e bylo stanoveno, \u017ee do 3. prosince 1999 bude kan\u00e1l vr\u00e1cen pod panamskou kontrolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee Kolumbie (velmi bl\u00edzk\u00fd spojenec USA) kdysi m\u011bla kontrolu nad kan\u00e1lem a ztratila ji pot\u00e9, co Washington podporoval separatisty, kte\u0159\u00ed se odtrhli od Kolumbie, aby vytvo\u0159ili nez\u00e1visl\u00fd st\u00e1t Panama. \u0160lo o jak\u00fdsi geopolitick\u00fd man\u00e9vr, kter\u00fd m\u011bl Washingtonu usnadnit zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do nov\u00e9ho a slab\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Kolumbijsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u011bti to dodnes vad\u00ed a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed, navzdory jeho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed s USA, nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u010ditky ohledn\u011b pos\u00edlen\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s \u010c\u00ednou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad s iniciativou P\u00e1su a stezky Peking pl\u00e1nuje propojen\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Atlantiku a Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e by mohlo znamenat z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu s glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi dopady, kter\u00e9 jdou daleko nad r\u00e1mec podpory toku zbo\u017e\u00ed mezi latinskoamerick\u00fdm a asijsk\u00fdm kontinentem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nadia Helmy, hostuj\u00edc\u00ed vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pracovnice Centra pro bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed studia (Lund University, \u0160v\u00e9dsko) a \u0159editelka odd\u011blen\u00ed studi\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, v roce 2023 napsala, \u017ee kolumbijsk\u00fd prezident Gustavo Petro jednal s \u010c\u00ednou o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201ealternativy\u201c. k Panamsk\u00e9mu pr\u016fplavu\u201c. To by mohlo zahrnovat \u201esuch\u00fd kan\u00e1l\u201c, kter\u00fdm by byl kolumbijsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav Buenaventura spojen s b\u0159ehy Atlantiku (Barranquilla) prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017eeleznice prot\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed zemi. Petro ve skute\u010dnosti zd\u016fraznil kolumbijsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy na prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch projekt\u016f brzy po volb\u00e1ch v prosinci 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, nakolik je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se takov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny mohly uskute\u010dnit i v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, v t\u00e9to slo\u017eit\u00e9 h\u0159e, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna (a Kolumbie, kdy\u017e na to p\u0159ijde) podporuje suverenitu Panamy nad st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm kan\u00e1lem proti americk\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed alternativn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny – kter\u00e9 jist\u011b nepot\u011b\u0161\u00ed samotnou Panamu i USA. .<\/span><\/p>\n

Asi p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159mi lety jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o tom, jak \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Karibiku uprost\u0159ed nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ohro\u017eovala americkou dominanci v regionu a mohla by se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it do Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky obecn\u011b. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd diplomatick\u00fd, obchodn\u00ed a vojensk\u00fd vliv na kontinentu skute\u010dn\u011b narostl, jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0loni. Washington si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b st\u00e1le zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 hegemonick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v Americe, ale viditeln\u011b upad\u00e1. Trumpovy ostr\u00e9 hrozby jsou tedy tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mkou slabosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

S Trumpov\u00fdm hyperbolick\u00fdm stylem by jeho hrozby nem\u011bly b\u00fdt v\u017edy br\u00e1ny jako nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by m\u011bly b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy odm\u00edt\u00e1ny jako \u201epouh\u00e1\u201c r\u00e9torika. V politice je mluven\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a funguje jako n\u00e1stroj k vyv\u00edjen\u00ed tlaku a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad Trumpovy \u201ev\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eky\u201c v\u016f\u010di NATO: jsou-li br\u00e1ny\u00a0<\/span>jako nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, pro ty, kdo maj\u00ed hysterick\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00ed\u201c postoj, znamenaj\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>izolacionismus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a tedy\u00a0<\/span>konec Aliance<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>pot\u00ed\u017ee pro Evropu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v apokalyptick\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i. Zat\u00edmco pro ty, kdo maj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e naivn\u00ed antiimperialistick\u00fd postoj, jsou m\u00edsto toho p\u0159\u00edslibem nov\u00e9ho m\u00edrov\u00e9ho multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011bta bez NATO. Ve skute\u010dnosti, jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eb\u0159emen\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0NATO na evropsk\u00e9 partnery plus dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>zpronev\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti Rusku t\u00edm, \u017ee se evropsk\u00fd blok stane plnohodnotn\u00fdm americk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e1 v\u011bc se d\u011bje s ohledem na Trump\u016fv neomonroeismus. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e o pouh\u00e9m sta\u017een\u00ed se z v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch geopolitick\u00fdch \u0161ach\u016f a zam\u011b\u0159it se na americk\u00fd kontinent; pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji jde o dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159iveden\u00ed konkurence velmoc\u00ed dom\u016f do Ameriky, a t\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky jevi\u0161t\u011bm pro tento geopolitick\u00fd spor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, nejde o to, aby se s\u00edla prom\u00edtla do region\u016f na kontinentu nebo aby se anga\u017eovala p\u0159es Atlantik a Pacifik: se v\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed to bude jedno plus druh\u00e9, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jedno nebo druh\u00e9. Trumpovy hrozby v\u016f\u010di\u00a0<\/span>Gr\u00f3nsku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to mimochodem jasn\u011b dokazuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

S Trumpov\u00fdmi interven\u010dn\u00edmi pl\u00e1ny pro Mexiko a jeho verb\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fatoky proti Kanad\u011b a Panam\u011b je zcela jasn\u00e9, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je Trump zjevn\u011b o n\u011bco ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed diskutovat nap\u0159\u00edklad o m\u00edrov\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu pro Ukrajinu, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty b\u011bhem jeho prezidentstv\u00ed z\u016fstanou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v regionu i ve sv\u011bt\u011b, jako tomu bylo u v\u0161ech jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toto pond\u011bl\u00ed v reakci na Trumpovy\u00a0hrozby\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila \u010c\u00edna svou podporu panamsk\u00e9 suverenit\u011b nad Panamsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem. Mluv\u010d\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2918,452,2064],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69005"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69005"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69005\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}