{"id":68509,"date":"2024-12-20T00:32:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T23:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=68509"},"modified":"2024-12-19T16:04:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T15:04:46","slug":"mohla-by-ptaci-chripka-h5n1-zpusobit-dalsi-lidskou-pandemii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/20\/mohla-by-ptaci-chripka-h5n1-zpusobit-dalsi-lidskou-pandemii\/","title":{"rendered":"Mohla by pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka H5N1 zp\u016fsobit dal\u0161\u00ed lidskou pandemii?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><em>V \u010dl\u00e1nku zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m v Frontiers in Microbiology Giorgio Pal\u00f9, Pier Francesco Roggero a Arianna Calistri z univerzity\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unipd.it\/en\/contatti\/rubrica\/?ruolo=1&amp;checkout=cerca&amp;persona=CALISTRI&amp;key=F26B867CF35CCE751C013FC979868514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>v Padov\u011b<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0v It\u00e1lii zkoumaj\u00ed, zda by se virus pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky H5N1 mohl objevit jako dal\u0161\u00ed hrozba pandemie. Auto\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee virus H5N1 m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou adaptabilitu a zoonotick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti stal pandemick\u00fdm patogenem.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kolektivn\u00ed zku\u0161enost lidstva po COVID-19 je st\u00e1le \u010derstv\u00e1 v na\u0161ich mysl\u00edch, to nen\u00ed mali\u010dkost. P\u0159idejte k tomu konspirativn\u00ed kl\u00e1bosen\u00ed online na f\u00f3rech jako X, kde u\u017eivatel\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u011b p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy vyu\u017eij\u00ed tuto novou hrozbu jako sv\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed tlak na kontrolu. Trio p\u0159edn\u00edch mikrobiolog\u016f s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi znalostmi o pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipce studuje potenci\u00e1l patogenu zp\u016fsobit dal\u0161\u00ed lidskou pandemii.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zaveden\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Auto\u0159i s\u00eddl\u00edc\u00ed v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii analyzuj\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed cestu H5N1 se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na ned\u00e1vnou detekci viru u dojnic &#8211; druhu, kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1n za odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di vir\u016fm ch\u0159ipky A. Poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159ehled:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vzorce p\u0159enosu u savc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b omezen\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm inhalace kapi\u010dek v experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch modelech (nap\u0159. fretky).<\/li>\n<li>Genetick\u00e9 vlastnosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159enos z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka se z\u00e1v\u011brem, \u017ee kritick\u00e9 mutace se je\u0161t\u011b nevyskytly.<\/li>\n<li>Matematick\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed logistick\u00e9 mapy teorie chaosu k odhadu r\u016fstov\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu viru v lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00edch, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00fd (hodnota r trvale &lt;1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Auto\u0159i tak\u00e9 za\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed poznatky z ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch propuknut\u00ed, molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch studi\u00ed a experiment\u016f virov\u00e9 replikace a vazby na receptory u skotu a lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V\u00fdsledky<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e aplikuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 modely na data, najdou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazy o omezen\u00e9m p\u0159enosu vzduchem. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kmeny, v\u010detn\u011b \u201eCow-H5N1\u201c, vykazuj\u00ed neefektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos ze savce na savce a postr\u00e1daj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 adaptace pro trval\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na lidi.<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e9 jsou genetick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u010di omezen\u00ed tohoto patogenu? A\u010dkoli H5N1 z\u00edskal n\u011bkter\u00e9 vlastnosti (nap\u0159. du\u00e1ln\u00ed receptorovou vazbu pro pta\u010d\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 receptory), postr\u00e1d\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 mutace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159enos z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>Americk\u00e9 centrum pro kontrolu a prevenci nemoc\u00ed (CDC) a dal\u0161\u00ed trvale uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee riziko propuknut\u00ed u lid\u00ed je n\u00edzk\u00e9\u00a0<strong>.<\/strong>\u00a0Podle simulace autor\u016f\u00a0logistick\u00e1 mapa teorie chaosu ukazuje, \u017ee r-hodnota H5N1 je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 na to, aby umo\u017enila \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na \u00farovni pandemie u lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho mohlSt\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed antivirotika, prepandemick\u00e9 vakc\u00edny H5N1 a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edn (nap\u0159. formulace na b\u00e1zi mRNA) zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika. Ale jak jsme vid\u011bli u COVID-19, toto by mohly zneu\u017e\u00edt i z\u00e1jmy pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011bry autor\u016f jsou zalo\u017eeny na pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed studie ukazuj\u00ed omezen\u00fd p\u0159enos respira\u010dn\u00edmi kap\u00e9nkami u savc\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fadaje ukazuj\u00ed na ne\u00faplnou adaptaci viru na lidsk\u00e9 hostitele.<\/li>\n<li>Matematick\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed potvrzuje n\u00edzk\u00fd r\u016fstov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l viru v lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>Zpr\u00e1vy z dohledu nepotvrzuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou neobvyklou aktivitu ch\u0159ipky u lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zm\u011bnit a v\u00e9st k jin\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed a p\u0159edpoklady<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mezery ve znalostech, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00fdch nebo asymptomatick\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed cesty: Virus by mohl z\u00edskat kritick\u00e9 mutace pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed cirkulac\u00ed u savc\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Nedostatek \u00fadaj\u016f o s\u00e9rostatu: Znalosti o imunit\u011b populace v\u016f\u010di H5N1 jsou omezen\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nav\u00edc mohou b\u00fdt auto\u0159i ohledn\u011b monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u011b optimisti\u010dt\u00ed. Auto\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sledovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my dok\u00e1\u017eou mutace detekovat okam\u017eit\u011b, co\u017e nemus\u00ed platit v\u0161ude.<\/p>\n<p>A co d\u016fv\u011bra v matematick\u00e9 modely? Spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na logistickou mapu teorie chaosu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zjednodu\u0161it slo\u017eit\u00e9 virologick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a evolu\u010dn\u00ed cesty. Modely byly v minulosti daleko od c\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec\u00a0<em>TrialSite<\/em>\u00a0varuje, \u017ee\u00a0zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch vakc\u00edn a antivirotik m\u016f\u017ee podce\u0148ovat v\u00fdzvy nasazen\u00ed vakc\u00edn v rychle se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm pandemick\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Auto\u0159i dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee H5N1 se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u010das nestane lidskou pandemi\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed omezen\u00fd p\u0159enos, genetick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry a robustn\u00ed protiopat\u0159en\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eitost p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f \u201eOne Health\u201c k monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje viru na rozhran\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk-zv\u00ed\u0159e a obhajuj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi veterin\u00e1rn\u00edmi, environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi a zdravotn\u00edmi odborn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edstup One Health je meziodv\u011btvov\u00e1 strategie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed mezi zdrav\u00edm lid\u00ed, zv\u00ed\u0159at a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je optimalizovat zdrav\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d obory na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch hrozeb, jako jsou nov\u011b se objevuj\u00edc\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed nemoci, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm koordinovan\u00e9ho dozoru a metody odezvy; Zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, zv\u00ed\u0159at a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neodd\u011bliteln\u00e9 a k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch rizik v t\u011bchto oblastech je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jednotn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e tento \u010dl\u00e1nek opatrn\u011b uklid\u0148uje, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost ch\u0159ipkov\u00fdch vir\u016f a pot\u0159ebu bd\u011blosti p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zoonotick\u00fdch rizik.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu\/Investigator<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mimit.gov.it\/images\/stories\/normativa\/CV_PALU.pdf\">Giorgio Palu, MD, FESCMID<\/a>\u00a0, Univerzita v Padov\u011b, \u00dastav molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edny; Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed autor<\/li>\n<li>Pier Francesco Roggero, Univerzita v Padov\u011b, Katedra molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edny<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unipd.it\/en\/contatti\/rubrica\/?ruolo=1&amp;checkout=cerca&amp;persona=CALISTRI&amp;key=F26B867CF35CCE751C013FC979868514\">Arianna Calistri, PhD<\/a>\u00a0, Univerzita v Padov\u011b, Katedra molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edny; Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed autor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trialsitenews.com\/a\/could-h5n1-bird-flu-trigger-the-next-human-pandemic-a9b8148a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010dl\u00e1nku zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m v Frontiers in Microbiology Giorgio Pal\u00f9, Pier Francesco Roggero a Arianna Calistri&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":67817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,259,2206],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68509"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68509"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68509\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}