{"id":6842,"date":"2021-12-13T03:28:09","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T02:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=6842"},"modified":"2021-12-13T03:28:09","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T02:28:09","slug":"usa-kdo-ma-pravo-vyhlasit-valku-a-kdo-a-jak-si-je-uzurpuje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/12\/13\/usa-kdo-ma-pravo-vyhlasit-valku-a-kdo-a-jak-si-je-uzurpuje\/","title":{"rendered":"USA: Kdo m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00e1lku a kdo a jak si je uzurpuje?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Po ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 provokaci bl\u00edzko ukrajinsko-rusk\u00fdch hranic, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila k\u00a0tomu, aby si USA vyzkou\u0161ely odp\u00e1len\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed proti Rusku ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho i v\u00fdchodn\u00edho sm\u011bru, rusk\u00fd prezident Vladim\u00edr Putin prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Washington nebere v\u00e1\u017en\u011b varov\u00e1n\u00ed Moskvy, aby nep\u0159ekra\u010doval \u010dervenou \u010d\u00e1ru, kterou Kreml nar\u00fdsoval.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 pravdu, ale m\u016f\u017ee za to Kreml.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

Rusk\u00e1 snaha spol\u00e9hat se na dohody s USA a NATO p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 situace p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dila Washington a ministra NATO Jense Stoltenberga, \u017ee Rusku se bojovat nechce. Washington n\u00e1sledn\u011b dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u010derven\u00e9 linie Ruska jsou pouhou r\u00e9torikou. To slibuje, \u017ee provokace budou pokra\u010dovat; jen\u017ee tak dlouho se chod\u00ed s\u00a0hrncem pro vodu, a\u017e se ucho utrhne. Proto ot\u00e1zka v titulku \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek I, paragraf 8, americk\u00e9 \u00fastavy stanov\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1vo vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00e1lku p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b Kongresu. Sem spadaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm takzvan\u00e9 spravedliv\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u00a0sebeobran\u011b, anebo vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pomoci.<\/p>\n

Kongres naposledy pou\u017eil tohoto pr\u00e1va po japonsk\u00e9m \u00fatoku na Pearl Harbour , kdy\u017e vyhl\u00e1sil v\u00e1lku nesvat\u00e9 trojici Berl\u00edn, Tokio, \u0158\u00edm v\u00a0roce 1941.<\/p>\n

Byla to tak\u00e9 posledn\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 akce USA. V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed, co n\u00e1sledovaly, byly nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, navzdory legend\u00e1m Washingtonu.<\/p>\n

Jak nap\u0159\u00edklad mohl prezident Truman bez souhlasu Kongresu poslat GIs do Koreje, Clinton bombardovat srbsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, Bush I. za\u010d\u00edt v\u00e1lku s Afganistanem, jeho syn \u00a0napadnout Ir\u00e1k, Obama rozb\u00edt Libyi a Trump vojensky podporovat zv\u011brstva p\u00e1chan\u00e1 v S\u00fdrii ?<\/p>\n

Truman ozna\u010dil v\u00e1lku v\u00a0Koreji za policejn\u00ed akci. Clinton tvrdil, \u017ee jako Vrchn\u00ed velitel americk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil m\u00e1 leteck\u00e9 \u00fatoky v\u00a0popisu pr\u00e1ce. Ano, ale ne na ciz\u00ed st\u00e1t, a ne bez souhlasu z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f. Clintonovi le\u017e pro\u0161la, jeliko\u017e demokrat\u00e9 byli u vesla jak v\u00a0Kongresu, tak v\u00a0Sen\u00e1tu. Nad v\u00e1lkami si umyli ruce a tv\u00e1\u0159ili se, \u017ee nesly\u0161\u00ed a nevid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed v\u00a0Afganist\u00e1nu a na St\u0159edn\u00edm V\u00fdchod\u011b byla ospravedln\u011bna resoluc\u00ed o pou\u017eit\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly (The Resolution for Use of Miliatary Force , AUMF), kterou Kongres schv\u00e1lil bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po teroristick\u00e9 akci v\u00a0New Yorku. Tento dokument d\u00e1v\u00e1 presidentovi pr\u00e1vo pou\u017e\u00edt vojenskou s\u00edlu proti v\u0161em, \u201ekdo pl\u00e1novali, na\u0159\u00eddili, sp\u00e1chali nebo napom\u00e1hali sp\u00e1chat hr\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010diny, k\u00a0nim\u017e do\u0161lo 11.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001, nebo t\u011bmto osob\u00e1m poskytovali \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da George Bushe sv\u00e9voln\u011b ozna\u010dila AUMF jako povolen\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00e1lce s Al-K\u00e1idou a Talib\u00e1nem kdekoli na sv\u011bt\u011b. Kongres toto bezpr\u00e1vn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed presidentsk\u00e9 kompetence p\u0159e\u0161el ml\u010den\u00edm a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00ed majitel\u00e9 B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu si je n\u00e1rokovali jako vydobytou pravomoc.<\/p>\n

Zapomn\u011bl jsem \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee AUMF obsahuje klausuli, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee prezident mus\u00ed do dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 intervence z\u00edskat pro n\u00ed souhlas z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f, anebo ji skon\u010dit.<\/p>\n

Prezidenti na klausuli zapomn\u011bli. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci zapomn\u011bli jim to p\u0159ipomenout.<\/p>\n

Krveprolit\u00ed pod z\u00e1minkou v\u00e1lky proti teroru doposud zaplatilo \u017eivotem desetitis\u00edce voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edch stran a nespo\u010detn\u00e9 statis\u00edce civilist\u016f. Americk\u00e9 poplatn\u00edky st\u00e1ly osm bilion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vyzkou\u0161en\u00e1 a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1 z\u00e1minka usurpace pr\u00e1va vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00e1lku je fiktivn\u00ed vojensk\u00fd \u00fatok nep\u0159\u00edtele, kdokoli j\u00edm v\u00a0dan\u00e9 chv\u00edli je. Potopen\u00ed americk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi Maine s\u00a0266 mu\u017ei na palub\u011b 15. \u00fanora 1898 v\u00a0havansk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nejsp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdbuchem v\u00a0koteln\u011b, tehdej\u0161\u00ed jest\u0159\u00e1bi p\u0159isoudili min\u011b, kterou pod Maine dali \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9, koloniz\u00e1to\u0159i Kuby. Pro presidenta McKinleyho to byla z\u00e1minka k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00e1lky a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu \u201eosvobozen\u00ed\u201c nejen Kuby, ale tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed Filip\u00edn, Portorika a Guamu. Kdy\u017e v\u00e1lka za\u010dala, Theodore Roosevelt byl \u010dlenem vl\u00e1dy, ale okam\u017eit\u011b resignoval, aby se mohl z\u00fa\u010dastnit bitvy o San Juan. Prvn\u00ed americk\u00e1 intervence vstoupila do historie jako \u201emal\u00e1 kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka.\u201c Pro Roosevelta kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 jist\u011b byla, nebo\u0165 odstartovala jeho hv\u011bzdnou kari\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n

Dva po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed \u00fatoky na americkou v\u00e1le\u010dnou lo\u010f USS Maddox v\u00a0Tonkinsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu 2. a\u00a04. srpna 1964 poslou\u017eily vl\u00e1d\u011b presidenta Johnsona k\u00a0tomu, aby zavlekla Ameriku do po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Padlo v\u00a0n\u00ed 58.220 GIs, v\u00edc jak milion voj\u00e1k\u016f ze severn\u00edho Vietnamu a 250.000 jihovietnamsk\u00fdch. Zahynulo dva miliony civilist\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich v\u00a0napalmem sp\u00e1len\u00e9 severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. V\u00a0roce 2005 byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna historick\u00e1 studie tonkinsk\u00fdch incident\u016f americk\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentury pro bezpe\u010dnost (National Security Agency, NSA), kterou nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee podez\u0159\u00edvat z\u00a0antiamerikanismu. NSA na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b dokazuje, \u017ee prvn\u00ed st\u0159et vyprovokoval USS Maddox, jeho\u017e pos\u00e1dka zah\u00e1jila palbu na ozbrojen\u00e9 vietnamsk\u00e9 \u010dluny. V\u00a0druh\u00e9 p\u0159est\u0159elce se pobl\u00ed\u017e americk\u00e9 lodi nenach\u00e1zely \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 s\u00edly. Kdy\u017e a tiskov\u00e9 konferenci prezident Johnson dostal ot\u00e1zku na koho nebo na co Maddox spustil palbu, odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eAsi na velryby.\u201c<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed bylo mnohem v\u00edc stejn\u011b jako z\u00e1minek, pro\u010d GIs museli zab\u00edjet a um\u00edrat v\u00a0ciz\u00edch zem\u00edch. Uva\u017eme, \u017ee za celou dobu existence Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jejich obyvatel\u00e9 pro\u017eili pouze jednadvacet kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch let v\u00a0m\u00edru. Zvolte si kter\u00fdkoli rok od vzniku USA (1776) a z\u00a0devades\u00e1ti jedna procent je jist\u00e9, \u017ee b\u011bhem n\u011bho Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 n\u011bkde bojovali.<\/p>\n

Historici nemohou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho presidenta ozna\u010dit jako \u201em\u00edrov\u00e9ho\u201c, v\u0161echny naopak lze pova\u017eovat za \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9\u201c prezidenty, nepo\u010d\u00edtaje mezi n\u011b zat\u00edm Joe Bidena. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nikdy neza\u017eily jedno jedin\u00e9 desetilet\u00ed, ani\u017e by n\u011bkde nebojovaly. Jedinou m\u00edrovou p\u011btiletku (1935-40) jim dop\u0159\u00e1la isolacionistick\u00e1 politika za Velk\u00e9 deprese.<\/p>\n

Dvacetilet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v\u00a0Afganist\u00e1nu skon\u010dila p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edci a u\u017e v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky ve Washingtonu svrb\u00ed prst na spou\u0161ti.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

Jan V\u00edtek<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 provokaci bl\u00edzko ukrajinsko-rusk\u00fdch hranic, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila k\u00a0tomu, aby si USA vyzkou\u0161ely odp\u00e1len\u00ed jadern\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[29,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6842"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6842\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}