{"id":6822,"date":"2021-12-12T05:47:10","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T04:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=6822"},"modified":"2021-12-12T05:47:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T04:47:10","slug":"k-diskusi-k-navrhu-novely-ockovaci-vyhlasky-v-souvislosti-s-ockovanim-proti-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/12\/12\/k-diskusi-k-navrhu-novely-ockovaci-vyhlasky-v-souvislosti-s-ockovanim-proti-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"K diskusi: K n\u00e1vrhu novely o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky v souvislosti s o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm proti covid-19"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dne 3.\u00a0prosince 2021 vlo\u017eilo Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed do elektronick\u00e9 knihovny legislativn\u00edho procesu eKLEP, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b dokument\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci procesu p\u0159\u00edpravy dokument\u016f legislativn\u00ed povahy, n\u00e1vrh novely tzv.\u00a0o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky.<\/p>\n

Tento n\u00e1vrh nebyl \u201ez \u010dasov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f\u201c projedn\u00e1n v\u00a0meziresortn\u00edm p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se toti\u017e z\u0159ejm\u011b jen o\u00a0nev\u00fdznamnou \u201emali\u010dkost\u201c \u2013 o\u00a0zaveden\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se autorka zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nad \u00faskal\u00edmi uveden\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu.<\/p>\n

\u00dastavn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed, co by n\u00e1s m\u011blo zarazit, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee\u00a0n\u00e1vrh t\u00e9to novely p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00a0demisi<\/strong>. Podle \u010dl. 62 p\u00edsm. d) \u00dastavy m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00a0demisi vykon\u00e1vat funkci z\u00a0pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prezidenta prozat\u00edmn\u011b a\u017e do jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. \u00dastava sice v\u00fdslovn\u011b neupravuje postaven\u00ed prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy (vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0demisi), ale z\u00a0pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0prozat\u00edmn\u00edmu, nikoli plnohodnotn\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, by m\u011blo vypl\u00fdvat, \u017ee vl\u00e1da by m\u011bla omezit v\u00fdkon sv\u00fdch funkc\u00ed na \u201enezbytn\u00e9 minimum\u201c.[1]<\/a>\u00a0V\u00a0tomto smyslu byl i\u00a0v\u00a0minulosti p\u0159edlo\u017een n\u00e1vrh novely \u00dastavy. Vl\u00e1da v\u00a0demisi, kterou podala po\u00a0sn\u011bmovn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch, vl\u00e1dne, ani\u017e by reprezentovala politick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy voli\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

Demokratick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy v\u0161ak dbaj\u00ed na d\u016fkladnou d\u011blbu moci, kde je moc v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 odvozen\u00e1 od moci z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 \u2013 u\u00a0n\u00e1s to vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0\u010dl. 73 odst. 2 \u00dastavy.\u00a0Vl\u00e1da v\u00a0demisi by z\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u011bla \u010dinit kroky, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky dopadnou do budoucna, kter\u00e9 nebudou napraviteln\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nao\u010dkovan\u00e9 \u201eodo\u010dkovat\u201c nelze,\u00a0a nav\u00edc nejsou prokazateln\u011b v\u00a0tento moment nezbytn\u00e9<\/strong>. Autorka nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dla, \u017ee se k\u00a0podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce vyjad\u0159oval \u00dastavn\u00ed soud, a\u00a0to v\u00a0n\u00e1lezu pl\u00e9na ze dne 9.\u00a0\u00fanora 2010, sp. zn. Pl. \u00daS 6\/07, av\u0161ak je toho n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0bezprecedentn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost, kterou je t\u0159eba posoudit nov\u011b v\u00a0kontextu sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee prezident Zeman jmenoval Petra Fialu premi\u00e9rem 28.\u00a0listopadu 2021, tedy sedm t\u00fddn\u016f po\u00a0sn\u011bmovn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch, s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee s\u00e9rii sch\u016fzek s\u00a0kandid\u00e1ty na ministry by m\u011bl ukon\u010dit do 13.\u00a0prosince 2021, a\u00a0pak by m\u011bl jmenovat celou vl\u00e1du. Nav\u00edc neb\u00fdt t\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nemoci prezidenta a\u00a0jeho pon\u011bkud sporn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed, mohla b\u00fdt nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da jmenovan\u00e1 ji\u017e \u0159adu t\u00fddn\u016f a\u00a0kdyby tomu tak bylo, vl\u00e1da Andreje Babi\u0161e v\u00a0demisi by k\u00a0nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed novely o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nemohla p\u0159istoupit. Jestli\u017ee v\u0161ak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da jmenovan\u00e1 do poloviny prosince a\u00a0jestli\u017ee vl\u00e1da v\u00a0demisi obejde meziresortn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku chce zav\u00e9st je\u0161t\u011b do n\u00e1stupu nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, tedy z\u0159ejm\u011b do deseti dn\u016f od vlo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu novely do elektronick\u00e9 knihovny, nelze si nekl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky. Mimochodem, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0p\u0159edkl\u00e1dac\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy k\u00a0novele, o\u00a0ud\u011blen\u00ed v\u00fdjimky neprov\u00e9st meziresortn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0nezpracov\u00e1vat z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou zpr\u00e1vu z\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f regulace byla p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Legislativn\u00ed rady vl\u00e1dy Marie Bene\u0161ov\u00e1 po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na \u00fastn\u011b a\u00a0po\u017eadovanou v\u00fdjimku pan\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b t\u00e9\u017e ud\u011blila \u00fastn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ministr zdravotnictv\u00ed Vojt\u011bch, jako z\u00e1stupce p\u0159edkladatele n\u00e1vrhu vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, v\u00ed, \u017ee budouc\u00ed vl\u00e1da se vyjad\u0159uje v\u00a0tom smyslu, \u017ee povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bt nechce[2]<\/a>, p\u0159esto neustoup\u00ed, a\u00a0naopak se vyjad\u0159uje tak, \u017ee nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da bude m\u00edt kompetenci tuto vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku zru\u0161it, pokud j\u00ed nebude vyhovovat.[3]<\/a>\u00a0To m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nov\u00fd vzor jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ministra vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0demisi v\u00a0demokratick\u00e9 zemi? Snahy o\u00a0autokrativn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed (d\u00e1le jen \u201eMZd\u201c) si v\u00a0jin\u00e9 v\u011bci pov\u0161iml i\u00a0Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed soud, kdy\u017e v\u00a0rozsudku ze dne 23.\u00a0\u010dervna 2021 ve v\u011bci 8 Ao 16\/2021 konstatoval, \u017ee\u00a0\u201enem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipustit, aby se v\u00a0demokratick\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b stal ministr zdravotnictv\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>[\u2026]<\/em>\u00a0osobou obdobnou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu dikt\u00e1torovi\u201c.<\/em>\u00a0Tento trend jsme mohli zaznamenat je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve nap\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2021 v\u00a0souvislosti se snahou vl\u00e1dy prosadit novelu z\u00e1kona o\u00a0ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla mimo jin\u00e9 zav\u00e9st zcela novou \u0161iroce pojatou mo\u017enost omezen\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nov\u00e9ho \u00a7 69 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. i), a\u00a0to projedn\u00e1n\u00edm ve stavu legislativn\u00ed nouze, tedy ve zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 deliberace.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Pravomoc k\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b je pravomoc ministerstva vyd\u00e1vat odvozen\u00e9 sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy zalo\u017eena v\u00a0\u010dl. 79 odst. 3 \u00dastavy. Ov\u0161em za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee realizace t\u00e9to pravomoci odpov\u00edd\u00e1 limit\u016fm ve vztahu k\u00a0moci z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 \u2013 tedy na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona, v\u00a0jeho mez\u00edch a\u00a0pouze, je-li k\u00a0tomu z\u00e1konem zmocn\u011bno. A\u010dkoli je autorce zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 judikatura, v\u010detn\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed ESLP z\u00a08.\u00a0dubna 2021 ve v\u011bci Vav\u0159i\u010dka a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed proti \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a\u00a0disentn\u00edho stanoviska soudce Wojtyczeka[5]<\/a>, p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed se k\u00a0disentn\u00edmu stanovisku \u00fastavn\u00ed soudkyn\u011b Kate\u0159iny \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1lezu \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu ze dne 27.\u00a0ledna 2015, sp. zn. Pl. \u00daS 19\/14. Spolu se \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkovou autorka upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee\u00a0na\u0161e pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava povinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0v\u00fdhradou z\u00e1kona<\/strong>, upravenou v\u00a0\u010dl. 7 odst. 1 Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0svobod (d\u00e1le jen \u201eListina\u201c) tak, \u017ee z\u00e1sah do t\u011blesn\u00e9 integrity mus\u00ed b\u00fdt proveden jen z\u00e1konem. (Doslova:\u00a0\u201e<\/em>Nedotknutelnost osoby a\u00a0jej\u00edho soukrom\u00ed je zaru\u010dena. Omezena m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech stanoven\u00fdch z\u00e1konem.<\/em>\u201c<\/em>) Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i\u00a0zn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl. 26 \u00damluvy o\u00a0lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a\u00a0biomedic\u00edn\u011b (d\u00e1le jen \u201e\u00damluva\u201c)[6]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0\u010dl. 8 odst. 2 Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o\u00a0ochran\u011b lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch svobod (d\u00e1le jen \u201eEvropsk\u00e1 \u00famluva\u201c). V\u00a0na\u0161em pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du je povinnost podrobit se jist\u00e9mu druhu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovena v\u00a0z\u00e1kon\u011b \u010d.\u00a0258\/2000 Sb., o\u00a0ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed (d\u00e1le jen z\u00e1k. o. v. z.), a\u00a0to velmi obecn\u011b a\u00a0neur\u010dit\u011b v\u00a0jeho \u010dl. 46 odst. 1. Z\u00e1kon nestanov\u00ed pravidla a\u00a0podm\u00ednky pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0tom, proti kter\u00fdm nemocem se MZd rozhodne zav\u00e9st povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd rozsah z\u00e1sahu do pr\u00e1va na nedotknutelnost osoby a\u00a0jej\u00edho soukrom\u00ed je dan\u00fd a\u017e v\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce, kterou je vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d.\u00a0537\/2006 Sb., o\u00a0o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti infek\u010dn\u00edm nemocem (tzv.\u00a0\u201eo\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka\u201c). V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed argumentaci si autorka dovol\u00ed odk\u00e1zat na v\u00fdborn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 disentn\u00ed stanovisko Kate\u0159iny \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Soulad navrhovan\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky se z\u00e1konem<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee si autorka \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu i\u00a0jeho rozhodnut\u00ed v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena o\u00a0tom, \u017ee pravomoc k\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky MZd zde v\u00a0t\u00e9to podob\u011b nen\u00ed. I\u00a0kdyby v\u0161ak zde pravomoc k\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky byla, je t\u0159eba, aby byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem, od n\u011bj\u017e by m\u011bla b\u00fdt odvozena. A\u010dkoli se v\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky tvrd\u00ed opak, autorka tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0navrhovan\u00e1 \u00faprava v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem o\u00a0ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nen\u00ed<\/strong>. V\u00a0ust. \u00a7 46 odst. 2 z\u00e1k. o. v. z. se uv\u00e1d\u00ed:\u00a0\u201ePravideln\u00e9 a\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed\u00a0o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0se neprovede p\u0159i\u00a0zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed imunity v\u016f\u010di infekci<\/strong>\u00a0nebo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu, kter\u00fd br\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tky (kontraindikace).\u201c\u00a0<\/em>V\u00a0ust. \u00a7 46 odst. 6 se uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eProv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis uprav\u00ed \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0podm\u00ednky proveden\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, zp\u016fsoby vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed imunity, pracovi\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem vzniku infek\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0podm\u00ednky, za nich\u017e mohou b\u00fdt v\u00a0souvislosti se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm fyzick\u00e9 osoby za\u0159azeny na pracovi\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem vzniku infek\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c\u00a0<\/em>Navrhovan\u00e1 novela v\u0161ak se zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm imunity p\u0159ed povinn\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. Nenapl\u0148uje tedy podm\u00ednky dan\u00e9 v\u00a0z\u00e1kon\u011b a\u00a0v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem proto b\u00fdt nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/strong><\/p>\n

U lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed covid-19 prod\u011blali, dal\u0161\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti t\u00e9to nemoci nezbytn\u00e9 nen\u00ed. S\u00a0ohledem na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u011blan\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed robustn\u00ed, komplexn\u00ed a\u00a0dlouhodobou ochranu.\u00a0[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0V\u00a0praxi to m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat na po\u010dtu hospitalizac\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b JIP \u2013 hospitalizace osob, kter\u00e9 covid-19 prod\u011blaly, jsou zcela minim\u00e1ln\u00ed oproti hospitalizac\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed do t\u00e9 doby danou nemoc je\u0161t\u011b neprod\u011blali.[8]<\/a>\u00a0Proto bychom m\u011bli imunitu v\u016f\u010di infekci p\u0159ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm zji\u0161\u0165ovat, i\u00a0kdyby se nejednalo o\u00a0z\u00e1konnou podm\u00ednku. Povinnost o\u010dkovat se je omezen\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a\u00a0omezov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v je p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 pouze, je-li nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je opravdu v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem do z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Jedn\u00edm ze zasa\u017een\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je i\u00a0pr\u00e1vo na zdrav\u00ed. A\u010dkoli podle\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho stanoviska \u010cesk\u00e9 vakcinologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP nem\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed protil\u00e1tek z\u00a0individu\u00e1ln\u00edho pohledu o\u010dkovan\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam[9]<\/a>, imunologov\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 hladina protil\u00e1tek. K\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci by mohlo doj\u00edt, pokud by m\u011bl b\u00fdt o\u010dkov\u00e1n postinfek\u010dn\u00ed pacient, tedy \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl vysokou hladinu protil\u00e1tek ji\u017e po\u00a0prod\u011blan\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nav\u00edc zde existuje mo\u017enost ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f po\u00a0vakcinaci, v\u010detn\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed. (V\u00edce v\u00a0p\u0159ehledu nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch podez\u0159en\u00ed na ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky po\u00a0vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch proti covid-19 na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch S\u00daKL[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u010di\u00a0ve VAERS \u2013 Syst\u00e9mu hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f vakc\u00edn a\u00a0\u00famrt\u00ed po\u00a0vakcinaci, spadaj\u00edc\u00edho pod CDC \u2013 centrum pro kontrolu a\u00a0prevenci nemoc\u00ed v\u00a0USA.[11]<\/a>) V\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 vakc\u00edny byly vyvinuty a\u00a0hodnoceny neobvykle rychle. Nem\u016f\u017eeme si tedy b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky nedostav\u00ed a\u017e v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du let, jako se tomu stalo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jin\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.[12]<\/a>\u00a0I\u00a0kdyby byla pravd\u011bpodobnost ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f po\u00a0vakcinaci n\u00edzk\u00e1, je i\u00a0tak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, pokud vakcinace nebyla nutn\u00e1. Pokud maj\u00ed b\u00fdt posuzov\u00e1na dv\u011b stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va \u2013 pr\u00e1vo na zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo na zdrav\u00ed n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho, o\u00a0to sp\u00ed\u0161 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt podle n\u00e1zoru autorky posuzovan\u00e1 nezbytnost takov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu. Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu v\u00a0n\u00e1lezu sp. zn. Pl. \u00daS 19\/14, z\u00e1sah do pr\u00e1va na ochranu zdrav\u00ed podle \u010dl. 31 Listiny by mohl b\u00fdt obhajiteln\u00fd, pokud by legitimn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo zabr\u00e1nit v\u00fdskytu a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00edch chorob mezi lidmi.<\/p>\n

Podle \u00a7 46 odst. 1 z\u00e1k. o. v. z. se\u00a0k zamezen\u00ed vzniku a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm rizikem dal\u0161\u00edho epidemick\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0kolektivech\u00a0a \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pravideln\u00e1 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Autorka nem\u00e1 v\u00a0\u00famyslu zpochyb\u0148ovat, \u017ee u\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a\u017e fat\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh, av\u0161ak pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bez emoc\u00ed, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee IFR (smrtnost) tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se v\u00a0Evrop\u011b pohybuje pouze kolem 0,3\u20130,4\u00a0%, glob\u00e1ln\u011b je pak IFR\u00a0 0,15\u00a0% (ref.\u00a0[13]<\/a>). U\u00a0d\u011bt\u00ed dosahuje IFR 0,005\u00a0% % (ref.[14]<\/a>\u00a0) a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm \u010di\u00a0kritick\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je posti\u017eeno celosv\u011btov\u011b pouze 0,4\u00a0% aktu\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00edch nemocn\u00fdch.[15]<\/a>\u00a0Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3za m\u00e1 smrtnost 43 %, anthrax 10\u201350 %, hore\u010dka dengue 26 %, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed meningitida 10\u201320\u00a0%[16]<\/a>, d\u00fdm\u011bjov\u00fd mor 30\u201360\u00a0% a\u00a0jeho plicn\u00ed forma 30\u2013100\u00a0%.[17]<\/a>\u00a0Pohl\u00e9dneme-li tedy na covid-19 bez emoc\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se skute\u010dn\u011b o\u00a0z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed? Pokud pova\u017eujeme covid-19 za tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee je t\u0159eba proti n\u011bmu prov\u00e1d\u011bt povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, pro\u010d nezav\u00e1d\u00edme povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159eba i\u00a0pro ch\u0159ipku? Pro\u010d jsme zru\u0161ili plo\u0161n\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti tuberkul\u00f3ze, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 smrtnost 43\u00a0%? Nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed covidu-19 jako celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e produktem politiky a\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00ed?\u00a0Jestli p\u0159ipust\u00edme, \u017ee se o\u00a0z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nejedn\u00e1, nem\u011bli bychom o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti covid-19 zav\u00e1d\u011bt jako povinn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00a0tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch vakc\u00edn zamezit vzniku a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed covidu-19 nedok\u00e1\u017ee<\/strong>. Ohledn\u011b vakc\u00edn zde bylo velk\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee by mohly br\u00e1nit p\u0159enosu, a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bt tak k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed imunity. I\u00a0kdy\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed to bylo mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ehnan\u00e9, uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, \u017ee se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vakc\u00edny proti covid-19 aplikuj\u00ed intramuskul\u00e1rn\u011b, maj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm protil\u00e1tkovou imunitu a\u00a0stav\u011bn\u00e9 byly za \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9mu pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b praxe uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee po\u00a0o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu a\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasn\u00e9mu vyvanut\u00ed imunity. I\u00a0o\u010dkovan\u00ed mohou onemocn\u011bt a\u00a0virus SARS-CoV-2 \u0161\u00ed\u0159it. Data prokazuj\u00edc\u00ed tuto skute\u010dnost jsou k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017eeme je sledovat i\u00a0v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch. Autorka si v\u00a0t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce dovoluje odk\u00e1zat na souhrnn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 stanovisko MUDr. Vladim\u00edra \u010c\u00ed\u017eka\u00a0\u201e<\/em>Vliv o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed na ochranu populace p\u0159ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm viru SARS-CoV-2<\/em>\u201c<\/em>[18]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0na preprint \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 studie[19]<\/a>, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, jak se \u00fa\u010dinnost vakc\u00edny Comirnaty (Pfizer\/BioNTech) proti symptomatick\u00e9 infekci sn\u00ed\u017eila z\u00a092\u00a0% b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce na 47\u00a0% ve 4.\u20136.\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edci a\u00a0od 7.\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edce nebyla zji\u0161t\u011bna \u00fa\u010dinnost \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1. Na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se vakc\u00edny zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed jen na prevenci z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco k\u00a0infekci mezi o\u010dkovan\u00fdmi jedinci m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt, upozor\u0148uje i\u00a0ECDC ve sv\u00fdch\u00a0\u201e<\/em>Pokynech pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed covid-19 \u2013 P\u0159echod od nouzov\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed covid-19 k\u00a0rutin\u011b, dohled nad respira\u010dn\u00edmi<\/em>\u00a0patogeny\u201c[<\/a>20]<\/a>\u00a0ze dne 18.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 2021. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vakc\u00ednami proti jin\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm si praxe vy\u017eaduje p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u00a0to nav\u00edc v\u00a0neobvykle kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b po\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti covid-19. U\u00a0n\u00e1s se moment\u00e1ln\u011b doporu\u010duje posilovac\u00ed d\u00e1vka po\u00a0\u0161esti, resp. po\u00a0p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch[21]<\/a>, n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b, jako nap\u0159.\u00a0\u0158ecko budou p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1vat pod t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Rozpor s\u00a0\u00fa\u010delem pravideln\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed podle \u00a7 46 odst. 1 z\u00e1k. o. v. z.\u00a0 je tedy dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d navrhovan\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co je v\u0161ak\u00a0v naprost\u00e9m<\/strong>\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0v\u00fdhradou z\u00e1kona, je ur\u010den\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>po\u010dtu d\u00e1vek a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdch interval\u016f mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami podle souhrnu \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravku<\/strong>\u00a0k\u00a0o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tce. Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d je tzv.\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jistota. Aby byl po\u017eadavek na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jistotu napln\u011bn, objektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo i\u00a0subjektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1va musej\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouhodob\u011b stabiln\u00ed, jednotn\u00e1, relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1. Nejen, \u017ee by pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti nem\u011bly b\u00fdt zalo\u017eeny a\u017e vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou, ale z\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky podle tohoto n\u00e1vrhu by se ob\u010dan ani nedozv\u011bd\u011bl, jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed povinnosti m\u00e1 \u010dekat. Pokud toto p\u0159ipust\u00edme, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010dkat toho, \u017ee na\u0161e povinnosti si budeme losovat, anebo je MZd vylosuje za n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Soulad navrhovan\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky s\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi smlouvami<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tato oblast pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy nen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy, kterou by byla \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u00e1z\u00e1na, a\u00a0proto zde nen\u00ed nesoulad s\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi smlouvami, kter\u00fdmi je \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u00e1z\u00e1na. Podle n\u00e1zoru autorky v\u0161ak p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka nen\u00ed v\u00a0souladu minim\u00e1ln\u011b s\u00a0\u010dl. 26 \u00damluvy a\u00a0s\u00a0\u010dl. 8 Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy. Z\u00a0obou uveden\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee zas\u00e1hnout do t\u011blesn\u00e9 integrity \u010dlov\u011bka lze bez jeho souhlasu, kter\u00fd se jinak v\u017edy vy\u017eaduje, pouze za kumulativn\u00edho spln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch podm\u00ednek: 1.\u00a0pokud tak stanov\u00ed z\u00e1kon, 2.\u00a0pokud se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0omezen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 v\u00a0demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a\u00a03.\u00a0pokud je toto omezen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 v\u00a0z\u00e1jmu bezpe\u010dnosti ve\u0159ejnosti, p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nebo ochrany pr\u00e1v a\u00a0svobod jin\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

O v\u00fdhrad\u011b z\u00e1kona ji\u017e bylo pojedn\u00e1no v\u00fd\u0161e. K\u00a0ot\u00e1zce nezbytnosti se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ESLP v\u00a0rozsudku z\u00a022.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 1981 ve sporu Dudgeon v. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed[23]<\/a>\u00a0tak, \u017ee \u201enezbytn\u00e9\u201c v\u00a0tomto kontextu nem\u00e1 flexibilitu v\u00fdraz\u016f jako \u201eu\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9\u201c, \u201erozumn\u00e9\u201c, nebo \u201e\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed\u201c, n\u00fdbr\u017e implikuje existenci \u201enal\u00e9hav\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby\u201c pro dan\u00fd z\u00e1sah.<\/p>\n

MZd v\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu novely nezbytnost navrhovan\u00e9 \u00fapravy vysv\u011btluje t\u00edm, \u017ee pozorujeme kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst epidemie, roste tlak na l\u016f\u017ekov\u00e9 kapacity, m\u00e1me n\u00edzkou proo\u010dkovanost, v\u00a0rizikov\u00e9 skupin\u011b 60+ m\u00e1 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed dokon\u010deno 80\u00a0% obyvatel, tak\u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9to skupin\u011b zb\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 300\u00a0000 neo\u010dkovan\u00fdch osob, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk hospitalizovan\u00fdch se pohybuje v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed od 65 do 70 let, proto se MZd rozhodlo o\u010dkovat osoby ve v\u011bku 60 let a\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed. Co se t\u00fd\u010de vybran\u00fdch profesn\u00edch skupin, MZd uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00a0z\u00e1jmu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kontinuity v\u00fdkonu jimi vykon\u00e1van\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, \u017ee riziko \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy covid-19 v\u00a0kolektivech navrhovan\u00fdch profesn\u00edch skupin je v\u00fdznamn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st navrhovan\u00fdch profesn\u00edch skupin nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bna stacion\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1branami \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy, a\u00a0proto se m\u016f\u017ee snadn\u011bji nakazit a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b nakazit i\u00a0jin\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky. MZd nevysv\u011btluje nal\u00e9havou spole\u010denskou pot\u0159ebu ani proporcionalitu z\u00e1sahu \u2013 zda je dan\u00fd z\u00e1sah vhodn\u00fd k\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed zvolen\u00e9ho c\u00edle ani zda je opravdu pot\u0159ebn\u00fd, zda by ne\u0161lo t\u0159eba nadm\u011brn\u00fdm hospitalizac\u00edm zabr\u00e1nit jin\u00fdm, z\u00a0pohledu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. P\u0159itom se minim\u00e1ln\u011b od l\u00e9ta mluv\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee je t\u0159eba s\u00a0o\u010dkovan\u00fdmi zach\u00e1zet stejn\u011b jako s\u00a0neo\u010dkovan\u00fdmi, proto\u017ee mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it n\u00e1kazu, co\u017e v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti potvrzuje i\u00a0stanovisko ECDC.[24]<\/a>\u00a0P\u0159esto se o\u010dkovan\u00fdch, pokud nejev\u00ed klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci, net\u00fdk\u00e1 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0do ned\u00e1vna ani karant\u00e9ny. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku pandemie tak\u00e9 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee je t\u0159eba kl\u00e1st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, v\u010dasnou l\u00e9\u010dbu rizikov\u00fdch osob[25]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost hospitalizace s\u00a0t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhem o\u00a070\u00a0%.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de proporcionality v\u00a0u\u017e\u0161\u00edm smyslu, je zde t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee ani u\u00a0povinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161ena ot\u00e1zka od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fajmy na zdrav\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku vakcinace. Podle z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0116\/2020 Sb., o\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u00fajmy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 povinn\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm, je mo\u017en\u00e9 domoci se od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina osob po\u0161kozen\u00fdch vakcinac\u00ed k\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u00fajmy nedostane. Nav\u00edc jsou po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osoby nuceny dokazovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou souvislost mezi vakcinac\u00ed a\u00a0zdravotn\u00edm po\u0161kozen\u00edm. Z\u00e1kon sice v\u00a0\u00a7 3 obsahuje domn\u011bnku p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 souvislosti, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b by po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osoby nemusely p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou souvislost dokazovat, av\u0161ak ta je nav\u00e1z\u00e1na na existenci prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, kterou MZd nevydalo ani po\u00a0v\u00edc ne\u017e roce \u00fa\u010dinnosti z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0116\/2020 Sb. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 verzi vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka se dle informac\u00ed autorky s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm domn\u011bnky p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 souvislosti pro o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti covid-19 nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. Na\u0161e \u00faprava od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fajmy v\u00a0d\u016fsledku povinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je tak v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0\u010dl. 24 \u00damluvy, podle n\u00ed\u017e osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 utrp\u011bla \u00fajmu zp\u016fsobenou z\u00e1krokem, n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed spravedliv\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je t\u0159eba proporcionalitu zkoumat velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tam, kde nen\u00ed nezbytnost z\u00e1sahu prok\u00e1z\u00e1na, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem\u00a0a priori<\/em>\u00a0up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat p\u0159ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vy a\u00a0svobodami jedince. Takov\u00e9 tendence bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat v\u00a0totalitn\u00edch z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, ale p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku a\u00a0pozd\u011bji i\u00a0samostatn\u00e9m \u010cesku, kde nap\u0159\u00edklad doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm sterilizac\u00edm\u00a0\u201ev z\u00e1jmu zdrav\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0populace\u201c[27]<\/a>, a\u00a0to proto, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo reprodukci z\u00a0pohledu\u00a0\u201espole\u010densk\u00e9ho blaha\u201c<\/em>\u00a0nevhodn\u00fdch osob. Na takov\u00e9 situace pom\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed ust. \u010dl. 2 \u00damluvy, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0\u201ez\u00e1jmy a\u00a0blaho lidsk\u00e9 bytosti jsou nad\u0159azeny z\u00e1jm\u016fm spole\u010dnosti nebo v\u011bdy\u201c.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0V\u00a0pochybnostech, zda m\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nebo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo \u010di\u00a0svoboda jedince, je tedy nutn\u00e9 aplikovat v\u00fdklad\u00a0in favorem libertatis<\/em>\u00a0\u010di\u00a0in dubio pro libertatis<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0up\u0159ednostnit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a\u00a0svobodu jedince.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aspekt novely<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159edkladatel n\u00e1vrhu novely uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nem\u00e1 vztah k\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti nebo obran\u011b st\u00e1tu, resp. s\u00a0ohledem na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159uje ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti st\u00e1tu. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti je t\u0159eba se zamyslet, jak\u00fd vliv na bezpe\u010dnost st\u00e1tu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u00a0n\u00e1s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch covidov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn se jedn\u00e1 vakc\u00edny zcela nov\u00e9ho typu (mRNA a\u00a0vektorov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny), kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc zat\u00edm nepro\u0161ly \u0159\u00e1dnou registrac\u00ed. Kone\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze klinick\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed t\u011bchto vakc\u00edn dosud prob\u00edh\u00e1 a\u00a0dokud bude prob\u00edhat, budou se teprve sb\u00edrat data o\u00a0ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch. Jen pro informaci \u2013 p\u0159esto\u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klinick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed covidov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn je ukon\u010deno[28]<\/a>, autorka se na z\u00e1klad\u011b nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do datab\u00e1ze\u00a0ClinicalTrials.gov<\/em>\u00a0(datab\u00e1ze klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, poskytovan\u00e1 U. S. National Library of Medicine) domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee k\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00ed studie vakc\u00edny Comirnaty by m\u011blo doj\u00edt 2.\u00a0kv\u011btna 2023[29]<\/a>, vakc\u00edny Spikevax 27.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 2022[30]<\/a>, vakc\u00edny Vaxzevria 14.\u00a0\u00fanora 2023[31]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0vakc\u00edny Janssen 2.\u00a0ledna 2023[32]<\/a>. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tomu tak nebude, ale kdyby m\u011bly covidov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny v\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, co\u017e nev\u00edme, proto\u017ee klinick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed vakc\u00edn prob\u00edhalo a\u00a0prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0neobvykle kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase, mohli bychom m\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Pokud toti\u017e povinn\u011b nao\u010dkujeme v\u0161echny osoby z\u00a0profesn\u00edch skupin, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch funkc\u00ed st\u00e1tu a\u00a0jejich \u010dinnost je specificky zam\u011b\u0159ena na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti obyvatel, ochrany jejich zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb, nemusel by z\u016fstat nikdo, kdo by se o\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce st\u00e1tu ve smyslu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti obyvatel a\u00a0ochrany jejich zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb staral.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le p\u0159edkladatel n\u00e1vrhu novely nevyhodnotil, jak\u00fd vliv m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt povinn\u00e1 vakcinace na vznik soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nepokoj\u016f, ke kter\u00fdm v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0povinn\u00fd o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti autorka uv\u00e1d\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik \u00faryvk\u016f ze zpr\u00e1v:\u00a0\u201eVe Francii se se\u0161lo 160 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed na demonstrac\u00edch proti covidov\u00fdm pas\u016fm a\u00a0povinn\u00e9mu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c<\/em>[33]<\/a>\u00a0\u201ePolicie zas\u00e1hla pep\u0159ov\u00fdm sprejem a\u00a0gumov\u00fdmi projektily proti tis\u00edc\u016fm demonstrant\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd v\u00a0australsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Melbourne znovu vy\u0161li do ulic na protest proti koronavirov\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Mezi protestuj\u00edc\u00edmi byly stovky stavebn\u00edch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovali nesouhlas s\u00a0povinn\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm proti nemoci covid-19 pro zam\u011bstnance ve stavebnictv\u00ed.\u201c<\/em>[34]<\/a>\u00a0\u201eVe V\u00eddni protestovaly tis\u00edce lid\u00ed proti nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu lockdownu, vad\u00ed jim i\u00a0povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026\u00a0<\/em>Podle po\u0159adatel\u016f do centra metropole dorazilo a\u017e 100\u00a0000\u00a0lid\u00ed<\/em>\u2026 Demonstrant\u016fm podle n\u00ed tak\u00e9 nevadil tolik dal\u0161\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed lockdown, jako na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za naprosto nekompromisn\u00ed.\u201c<\/em>[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u201e<\/em>Nizozemci, Raku\u0161an\u00e9 \u010di\u00a0Italov\u00e9 se bou\u0159\u00ed proti antivirov\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm. V\u00a0Rotterdamu se dokonce<\/em>\u00a0st\u0159\u00edlelo.\u201c[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zky diskriminace<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do pravideln\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti covid-19 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt podle novely o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky za\u0159azeny v\u0161echny osoby ve v\u011bku 60 let a\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed. MZd tuto v\u011bkovou hranici neod\u016fvod\u0148uje l\u00e9pe ne\u017e tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk hospitalizovan\u00fdch se pohybuje od 65 do 70 let. MZd v\u0161ak nezd\u016fvod\u0148uje, pro\u010d je pr\u00e1v\u011b osob\u00e1m ve v\u011bku 60+ odep\u0159eno pr\u00e1vo uplat\u0148ovat svou autonomii v\u016fle. Stejn\u011b jako se mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fd senior rozhodne neo\u010dkovat, p\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1 informace o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch sv\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se sportovec rozhodnout provozovat adrenalinov\u00fd sport a\u00a0n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd zase s\u00a0cigaretou v\u00a0ruce konzumovat tu\u010dn\u00e9 maso, zap\u00edjet ho velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm alkoholu a\u00a0do restaurace vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 500 metr\u016f jezdit v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b autem. Jak ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu z\u00a02.\u00a0ledna 2017, sp. zn. I. \u00daS 2078\/16, uvedl \u00dastavn\u00ed soud,\u00a0\u201ev oblasti poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de je t\u0159eba pln\u011b ct\u00edt z\u00e1sadu svobody a\u00a0autonomie v\u016fle a\u00a0<\/em>mo\u017enost pacienta odm\u00edtnout poskytnut\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, by\u0165 by byla i\u00a0pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nezbytnou pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho \u017eivota<\/em>. L\u00e9ka\u0159i a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed zdravotni\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou takov\u00e9 osoby p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat, mohou se sna\u017eit je p\u0159im\u011bt ke zm\u011bn\u011b jejich postoje, pokud je zjevn\u011b pro n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fd, ale v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nemohou zabr\u00e1nit realizaci rozhodnut\u00ed o\u00a0odm\u00edtnut\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00e9 bylo u\u010din\u011bno na z\u00e1klad\u011b svobodn\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v\u016fle dosp\u011bl\u00e9 sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00e9 osoby, pouze z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee toto rozhodnut\u00ed danou osobu po\u0161kozuje\u201c.\u00a0<\/em>Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed podle v\u011bku bez legitimn\u00edho c\u00edle \u010di\u00a0bez p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti prost\u0159edk\u016f k\u00a0jeho dosa\u017een\u00ed je podle n\u00e1zoru autorky v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0\u010dl. 1 a\u00a0s\u00a0\u010dl. 3 odst. 1 Listiny.<\/p>\n

Opodstatn\u011bnost v\u00fdb\u011bru profesn\u00edch skupin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 je v\u00a0novele navrhov\u00e1no u\u00a0fyzick\u00fdch osob, kter\u00e9:<\/p>\n

a) poskytuj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo jsou zam\u011bstnanci poskytovatele zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb,<\/p>\n

b) poskytuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo se na jejich poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edlej\u00ed,<\/p>\n

c) jsou osobami p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00edmi se na v\u00fdkon zdravotnick\u00e9ho povol\u00e1n\u00ed nebo osobami p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00edmi se na v\u00fdkon odborn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti podle \u00a7 115 z\u00e1kona o\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, pokud sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich v\u00fduky je i\u00a0praktick\u00e1 v\u00fduka v\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch,<\/p>\n

d) jsou zam\u011bstnanci za\u0159azen\u00fdmi k\u00a0v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0krajsk\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 stanici nebo v\u00a0Hygienick\u00e9 stanici hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy,<\/p>\n

e) jsou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sbor\u016f nebo zam\u011bstnanci \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky za\u0159azen\u00fdmi k\u00a0v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm sboru,<\/p>\n

f) jsou str\u00e1\u017en\u00edky obecn\u00ed policie,<\/p>\n

g) jsou \u010dleny jednotky dobrovoln\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f obce nebo jednotky dobrovoln\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f podniku,<\/p>\n

h) jsou voj\u00e1ky z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0voj\u00e1ky v\u00a0aktivn\u00ed z\u00e1loze, nebo<\/p>\n

i) jsou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky nebo zam\u011bstnanci zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n

Autorka si dovol\u00ed jen p\u0159\u00edkladmo uv\u00e9st n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: Na prvn\u00ed pohled snad ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zaujmou dobrovoln\u00ed hasi\u010di. Povinn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed dobrovoln\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f \u2013 to by ani K. H. M\u00e1cha nevymyslel. O\u010dkovac\u00ed povinnost by se pak m\u011bla nap\u0159\u00edklad vztahovat na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, kter\u00fd je zam\u011bstnancem poskytovatele zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Pokud by takov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk pracoval pro zam\u011bstnavatele, kter\u00fd by byl poskytovatelem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb, o\u010dkovat by se nemusel. Jestli MZd pom\u00fd\u0161lelo na jin\u00e9 profese, jako t\u0159eba na profesi ukl\u00edze\u010dky poskytovatele zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, pak je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee ukl\u00edze\u010dka v\u00a0za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de by se nemusela povinn\u011b o\u010dkovat. V\u00a0jednom zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed by byla v\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00ed, ve druh\u00e9m nikoli. MZd ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed, jak by se nalo\u017eilo s\u00a0osobou, kter\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad na povol\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e p\u0159ipravuje v\u00a0posledn\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edku a\u00a0odm\u00edtla by se povinn\u011b o\u010dkovat \u2013 t\u0159eba z\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Kdy\u017e takov\u00e1 osoba nastupovala studium medic\u00edny, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky kladeny nebyly. Kdyby byly, mo\u017en\u00e1 by zvolila jin\u00e9 studium. Nyn\u00ed, pokud se nenao\u010dkuje, po\u00a0p\u011bti letech d\u0159iny a\u00a0\u201edobrovolni\u010diny\u201c v\u00a0obdob\u00edch covidov\u00fdch nouzov\u00fdch stav\u016f, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt takov\u00e9 osob\u011b ukon\u010deno studium, proto\u017ee nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky n\u011bjak\u00e9 nov\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky?<\/p>\n

Vykonatelnost<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud se ur\u010duje povinnost, je t\u0159eba m\u00edt p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0vykonatelnosti t\u00e9to povinnosti. Podle na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy faktick\u00e1 vykonatelnost o\u010dkovac\u00ed povinnosti nen\u00ed. Podle \u00a7 92k odst. 6 p\u00edsm. a) z\u00e1k. o. v. z. se p\u0159estupku dopust\u00ed fyzick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 se nepodrob\u00ed stanoven\u00e9mu\u00a0pravideln\u00e9mu nebo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>nebo se\u00a0p\u0159ed za\u0159azen\u00edm na pracovi\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem vzniku infek\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>nepodrob\u00ed stanoven\u00e9mu\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Sankc\u00ed za tento p\u0159estupek pokuta podle \u00a7 92k odst. 7 p\u00edsm. d) z\u00e1k. o. v. z. ve v\u00fd\u0161i maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 10\u00a0000 K\u010d, kterou lze ulo\u017eit pouze jednor\u00e1zov\u011b[37]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak, jak se zd\u00e1, dopadne jen na seniory. V\u00a0\u00a7 16 o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky jsou uveden\u00e1 pouze dv\u011b pracovi\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem vzniku infek\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 na jednom z\u00a0t\u011bchto pracovi\u0161\u0165 se pracuje s\u00a0virem hepatitidy B, na druh\u00e9m s\u00a0virem vztekliny.<\/p>\n

K \u00fa\u010dinnosti novely<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle \u010dl. III navrhovan\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky by m\u011bla nab\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinnosti dnem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm po\u00a0dni jej\u00edho vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Podle p\u0159edstav vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0demisi by k\u00a0tomu m\u011blo doj\u00edt do doby jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, tedy cca v\u00a0p\u016flce prosince 2021. Z\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 47 odst. 1 ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0ustanoven\u00edm \u00a7 80 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. e) z\u00e1k. o. v. z. vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee k\u00a0pravideln\u00e9mu, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmu a\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jen o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tky podle antigenn\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00edch l\u00e1tek stanoven\u00e9ho na z\u00e1klad\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed imuniza\u010dn\u00ed komise a\u00a0zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho ve form\u011b sd\u011blen\u00ed ve Sb\u00edrce z\u00e1kon\u016f, a\u00a0to v\u017edy do 28.\u00a0\u00fanora kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edho roku. Pro rok 2021 tak MZd u\u010dinilo ve Sd\u011blen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a0509\/2020 Sb. ze dne 18.\u00a0listopadu 2020 s\u00a0platnost\u00ed od 7.\u00a0prosince 2020, kter\u00e9 antigenn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00edch l\u00e1tek proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 neobsahuje. Pokud by tedy m\u011bla novela vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nab\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinnosti ji\u017e v\u00a0tomto roce, ani pravideln\u00e9, ani zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed by nemohlo b\u00fdt provedeno, proto\u017ee antigenn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed covidov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn nebylo ve Sd\u011blen\u00ed MZd pro tento rok obsa\u017eeno. Fakticky by se tedy podle t\u00e9to novely mohlo za\u010d\u00edt o\u010dkovat a\u017e od 1.\u00a0ledna 2022, pokud bude do Sd\u011blen\u00ed MZd zapracov\u00e1no antigenn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed vakc\u00edn proti covidu-19. Jen\u017ee\u2026<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka souladu s\u00a0podm\u00ednkami \u00a7 80 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. e) z\u00e1k. o. v. z.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vakc\u00edny v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy vznikl z\u00e1kon o\u00a0ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, obsahovaly antigeny \u2013 v\u00fdznamn\u011b oslaben\u00e9 nebo inaktivovan\u00e9 (usmrcen\u00e9) formy viru nebo bakterie, kter\u00e9 obvykle zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, eventu\u00e1ln\u011b malou \u010d\u00e1st viru \u010di\u00a0bakterie. Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m antigen rozpozn\u00e1 jako cizorod\u00fd, aktivuje imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a\u00a0vytvo\u0159\u00ed protil\u00e1tky. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vakc\u00edny proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 pracuj\u00ed na zcela jin\u00e9m principu \u2013 nam\u00edsto antigenu obsahuj\u00ed jak\u00fdsi \u201epokyn\u201c, jak takov\u00fd antigen vytvo\u0159it uvnit\u0159 t\u011bla o\u010dkovan\u00e9ho. Takov\u00fdm \u201epokynem\u201c je ve vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch Comirnaty (Pfizer\/BioNTech) a\u00a0Spikevax (Moderna) mRNA a\u00a0ve vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) a\u00a0Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) je takov\u00fdm \u201epokynem\u201c virov\u00fd vektor, \u010dili modifikovan\u00fd ne\u0161kodn\u00fd virus. Teprve po\u00a0dod\u00e1n\u00ed \u201epokynu\u201c do organismu o\u010dkovan\u00e9ho n\u011bkter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201epokynu\u201c vytvo\u0159\u00ed antigen. Jeliko\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vakc\u00edny proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed covid-19 antigen neobsahuj\u00ed, jejich antigenn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed definov\u00e1no b\u00fdt nem\u016f\u017ee. A\u00a0jestli\u017ee nebude antigenn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed covidov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn uvedeno ve Sd\u011blen\u00ed MZd podle \u00a7 80 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. e) z\u00e1kona o. v. z., pak tyto vakc\u00edny podle n\u00e1zoru autorky nemohou b\u00fdt za sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy ur\u010deny k\u00a0\u201epovinn\u00e9\u201c vakcinaci.<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka registrace vakc\u00edn proti covid-19<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s\u00a0uveden\u00edm covidov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn ve Sd\u011blen\u00ed MZd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0vakc\u00edny dosud registrovan\u00e9 pouze podm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b \u2013 v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0\u010dl. 14 odst. 7 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a0726\/2004[38]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a0507\/2006[39]<\/a>\u00a0se nejedn\u00e1 o\u00a0registraci definitivn\u00ed. V\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 47 odst. 1 z\u00e1kona o. v. z. se uv\u00e1d\u00ed:\u00a0\u201eK pravideln\u00e9mu, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmu a\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee poskytovatel zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pou\u017e\u00edt jen o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tky podle antigenn\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00edch l\u00e1tek stanoven\u00e9ho Ministerstvem zdravotnictv\u00ed podle \u00a7 80 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. e). To neplat\u00ed, jde-li o\u00a0pravideln\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0fyzick\u00e1 osoba po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o\u00a0jeho proveden\u00ed jinou registrovanou o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tkou.\u201c<\/em>\u00a0Ze slovn\u00edho spojen\u00ed \u201eproveden\u00ed jinou registrovanou o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tkou\u201c<\/em>\u00a0v druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b tohoto ustanoven\u00ed lze vyvodit, \u017ee i\u00a0v\u00a0prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b se mluv\u00ed o\u00a0registrovan\u00e9 o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tce. Jeliko\u017e covidov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cR jsou pouze podm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b registrovan\u00e9, nikoli \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b registrovan\u00e9, nelze je podle n\u00e1zoru autorky vyu\u017e\u00edt pro \u00fa\u010dely \u201epovinn\u00e9ho\u201c o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka, kterou m\u00e1 b\u00fdt novelizovan\u00e1 o\u010dkovac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka, by v\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u011b navrhovan\u00e9 podob\u011b vydan\u00e1 b\u00fdt nem\u011bla. Autorka se v\u00a0tomto textu pokusila upozornit, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u0159edpis problematick\u00fd snad na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch. Pokud k\u00a0jej\u00edmu vyd\u00e1n\u00ed dojde, bude prakticky ne\u017eivotaschopn\u00fd a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit \u0159adu komplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

JUDr. Vladana Vali\u0161ov\u00e1, LL.M.<\/strong>, p\u016fsob\u00ed jako advok\u00e1tka a rozhodce Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho rozhod\u010d\u00edho soudu p\u0159i \u010cMKBK a Sboru rozhodc\u016f FA\u010cR a pro \u010cLK p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zdravotnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo v r\u00e1mci kurz\u016f celo\u017eivotn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f<\/em>
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n

POZN\u00c1MKA REDAKCE IK: K vyd\u00e1n\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky p\u0159es v\u0161echna tato stanoviska nakonec do\u0161lo! Zlo\u010dinci prosazuj\u00edc\u00ed covido-fa\u0161ismus prozat\u00edm usp\u011bly a je t\u0159eba je \u010dasem postavit p\u0159ed soud a odsoudit k nejtvrd\u0161\u00edm trest\u016fm za genocidu n\u00e1roda!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dne 3.\u00a0prosince 2021 vlo\u017eilo Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed do elektronick\u00e9 knihovny legislativn\u00edho procesu eKLEP, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,23,213,1447,1540],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6822\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}