{"id":68171,"date":"2024-12-15T00:32:47","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T23:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=68171"},"modified":"2024-12-14T15:35:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T14:35:30","slug":"podle-israele-shahaka-je-judaismus-sam-o-sobe-nadrazeny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/15\/podle-israele-shahaka-je-judaismus-sam-o-sobe-nadrazeny\/","title":{"rendered":"Podle Israele Shahaka je judaismus s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nad\u0159azen\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee judaismus se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed supremaistick\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm a judaismus \u0159\u00edd\u00ed St\u00e1t Izrael, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee mluvit o dvou st\u00e1tech je nesmysl, proto\u017ee pokud jde o Izrael, Palestinci nebudou m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Israel Shahak (1933 \u2013 2001) byl polsk\u00fd \u017did, kter\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eil holocaust i var\u0161avsk\u00e9 ghetto a sv\u016fj dosp\u011bl\u00fd \u017eivot pro\u017eil v Izraeli. Jeho p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je hebrejsk\u00e9 uprost\u0159ed Polska, lze vysv\u011btlit d\u016fle\u017eitou skute\u010dnost\u00ed: jeho rodi\u010de byli sionist\u00e9 a zm\u011bnili si jidi\u0161 p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed Himmelstaub na hebrejsk\u00e9 Shahak. To je mezi sionisty b\u011b\u017en\u00e9: rodina Netayahu se jmenovala Mileikowsky; Ben-Gurion se narodil zelen\u00fd; Golda Meirov\u00e1 se jmenovala Golda Mabovitch.<\/p>\n

A Israel Shahak byl zase antisionista mnohem radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed levice. Shahak ve sv\u00e9 knize Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee judaismus tak, jak existuje dnes a od p\u0159ijet\u00ed Talmudu, je s\u00e1m o sob\u011b probl\u00e9mem, proto\u017ee je totalitn\u00ed a nad\u0159azen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kniha je s\u00e9ri\u00ed novinov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f z 90. let, kter\u00e9 byly vyvol\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm incidentem: V Izraeli v 60. letech b\u011bhem sabatu zkolaboval ne\u017eid a ortodoxn\u00ed \u017did nesm\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edvat telefon k zavol\u00e1n\u00ed sanitky. \u017did\u00e9 nevolali, proto\u017ee poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed soboty pro z\u00e1chranu \u017eivota ne\u017eida nen\u00ed dovoleno \u2013 pro z\u00e1chranu \u017eivota \u017dida je to povoleno. Shahak byl sv\u011bdkem t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti a vyvolal \u0159adu kontroverz\u00ed v Haaretz.<\/p>\n

Tato ud\u00e1lost je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro pochopen\u00ed toho, jak Izrael p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o sv\u00e9 politice. Shahak n\u00e1s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duje, \u017ee jak takzvan\u00fd sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed sionismus, tak n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sionismus se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed Talmudem. Shahakova bro\u017eura obsahuje stru\u010dnou historii judaismu. Stoj\u00ed za to zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee od babylonsk\u00e9ho Talmudu ztratila slova Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (nebo T\u00f3ry) sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je v\u00fdklad, kter\u00fd v Talmudu zavedli rab\u00edni. Tento v\u00fdklad vede k \u00fapln\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b etiky Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201esoused\u201c by m\u011bl b\u00fdt interpretov\u00e1n jako \u201e\u017did\u201c; p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee ne\u017eid nikdy nen\u00ed sousedem \u017dida. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem jsou v\u0161echny univerzalistick\u00e9 etick\u00e9 imperativy Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nejprve transformov\u00e1ny do normy pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed; a jako logick\u00fd d\u016fsledek vznik\u00e1 v\u00e1gn\u00ed pole etiky (etika vztah\u016f mezi ne\u017eidy a \u017didy), kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vypln\u011bno v\u00fdkladem rab\u00edn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eNebude\u0161 dychtit po \u017een\u011b sv\u00e9ho bli\u017en\u00edho\u201c znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017did nesm\u00ed dychtit po \u017een\u011b jin\u00e9ho \u017dida. Nic se ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o tom, \u017ee \u017did tou\u017e\u00ed po \u017een\u011b ne\u017eida. Tak\u017ee rab\u00edni mohli zak\u00e1zat sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah (jak\u00fdkoli sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah) mezi \u017didem a Ne\u017eidem jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem: p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00edm k bestialit\u011b a potrest\u00e1n\u00edm jako deviace. To znamen\u00e1 nejen to, \u017ee \u017did nesm\u00ed dychtit po \u017een\u011b ne\u017eida, ale tak\u00e9 \u017ee si \u017did nesm\u00ed vz\u00edt ne\u017eidovku, stejn\u011b jako si mu\u017e nesm\u00ed vz\u00edt kozu. Ale zat\u00edmco je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 naj\u00edt z\u00e1konnou autoritu ochotnou potrestat kozu, tot\u00e9\u017e neplat\u00ed pro \u017eeny: \u201ePokud m\u00e1 \u017did pohlavn\u00ed styk s ne\u017eidovskou \u017eenou, a\u0165 u\u017e je to t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nebo dosp\u011bl\u00e1, a\u0165 u\u017e je vdan\u00e1 nebo nevdan\u00e1, a i kdy\u017e je nezletil\u00fd a m\u00e1 jen dev\u011bt let a jeden den – proto\u017ee s n\u00ed \u00famysln\u011b m\u011bl pohlavn\u00ed styk, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zabita, jako je tomu u zv\u00ed\u0159ete, proto\u017ee p\u0159es ni \u017did v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch „Tohle je Maimonides.“<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdklad slova \u201ebli\u017en\u00ed\u201c se vztahuje i na \u201e\u010dlov\u011bk\u201c, kter\u00fd je rovn\u011b\u017e pova\u017eov\u00e1n za synonymum pro \u017dida. Ne\u017eid je skute\u010dn\u011b n\u011bco srovnateln\u00e9ho se zv\u00ed\u0159etem. Poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e sionista propaguje humanisticky zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed fr\u00e1zi, je dobr\u00e9 si p\u0159ipomenout tento sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fd glos\u00e1\u0159 rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Nem\u00e1 smysl br\u00e1t do ruky a \u010d\u00edst Talmud, pokud neum\u00edte hebrejsky, proto\u017ee podle Shahaka obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159eklady Talmudu zkreslen\u00ed, aby neznepokojovaly pohany. Tyto deformace jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i zatajov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co si rab\u00edni mysl\u00ed o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu a k\u0159es\u0165anech, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9 ne\u017e muslimov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o doktr\u00ednu, Shahak hojn\u011b cituje z Talmudu a Maimonida. Nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etickou ot\u00e1zkou je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm rab\u00edni nahl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed na \u017eivoty ne\u017eid\u016f: podle zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017edil Shahak, je povinnost\u00ed \u017dida nepom\u00e1hat Ne\u017eidovi, kdy\u017e je v ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota, leda\u017ee by \u017did\u00e9 nechaj\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt Ne\u017eidy zp\u016fsob\u00ed nen\u00e1vist, kter\u00e1 ohro\u017euje \u017eivoty \u017did\u016f. Je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no str\u010dit Ne\u017eida do studny, ale tak\u00e9 je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no ho vyzvednout a zachr\u00e1nit mu \u017eivot. Pokud si v\u0161ak pohan\u00e9 uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee je \u017did\u00e9 nechaj\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt, vyvol\u00e1 to nen\u00e1vist a ohroz\u00ed \u017eivoty \u017did\u016f. To se d\u011bje v\u0161ude tam, kde \u017did\u00e9 nejsou v\u011bt\u0161inou. Existuje tedy jak\u00fdsi fas\u00e1dn\u00ed judaismus, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed \u00fa\u010del\u016fm public relations, a explicitn\u00ed judaismus, kter\u00fd p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze v Izraeli.<\/p>\n

Toto p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed vyvolalo v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 medic\u00edn\u011b mnoho diskus\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e v\u016fbec nen\u00ed hippokratovsk\u00e9. Hodn\u011b diskutovan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem jsou ne\u017eidovsk\u00e9 t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny o sabatu. \u017didovsk\u00e1 porodn\u00ed b\u00e1ba a \u017eidovsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 mohou pou\u017e\u00edt sobotu jako z\u00e1minku k oklam\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017eidovky a nep\u0159ij\u00edt j\u00ed na pomoc, i kdy\u017e by pomoc neporu\u0161ovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla sabatu. Pokud existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 pochybnosti o genocidn\u00ed povaze t\u011bchto politik, Maimonides p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee \u017did m\u016f\u017ee pomoci t\u011bhotn\u00e9 ne\u017eidovce, pokud za to zaplat\u00ed, a existuje jin\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd j\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot. Ostatn\u011b byla by \u0161koda, kdyby ne\u017eid a ne \u017did nevyd\u011bl\u00e1val. Nejprve tedy p\u0159ijde smrt t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny a pot\u00e9 \u017didovy pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee toto suprematistick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed judaismus a judaismus \u0159\u00edd\u00ed St\u00e1t Izrael, je jasn\u00e9 (jak tvrd\u00ed Shahak), \u017ee mluvit o dvou st\u00e1tech je nesmysl, proto\u017ee pokud jde o Izrael, Palestinci nebudou m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t. Shahak tak\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee i ti nejzaryt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed antisionist\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016f\u017eov\u00fd pohled na St\u00e1t Izrael: nepovoluje bantustany ani nen\u00ed imperialistick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00e1 imperialistick\u00e1 mocnost kooptuje m\u00edstn\u00ed elity a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 je k vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed podle sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Vlastn\u00ed soused\u00e9 Izraele jsou toho d\u016fkazem, proto\u017ee Britsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium vl\u00e1dlo Arab\u016fm sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e se pokou\u0161elo prov\u00e1d\u011bt etnick\u00e9 \u010distky. Izrael nevl\u00e1dne nad Araby, ale sna\u017e\u00ed se je odstranit t\u00edm, \u017ee je bu\u010f zabije, nebo vy\u017eene.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o Bantustany, tedy pseudozem\u011b \u010dernoch\u016f pod kuratelou Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky, je faktem, \u017ee samotn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br vytvo\u0159it pseudozem\u011b vedl k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdch vlajek a nacionalism\u016f. Palestinci na druhou stranu nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na \u017e\u00e1dnou formu n\u00e1rodnosti. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sionismus je v Izraeli tak vlivn\u00fd, \u017ee pod sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed spr\u00e1vou by mohl v\u00e9st k diplomatick\u00e9mu incidentu s v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm spojencem Jordanem. Podle Shahaka cht\u011bl Izrael v roce 1974 zablokovat uzn\u00e1n\u00ed OOP jako palestinsk\u00e9ho zastupitelsk\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu. S jord\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem byla domluvena sch\u016fzka na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu, kde ho m\u011bl p\u0159ijmout m\u00edstn\u00ed arabsk\u00fd vl\u00e1dce. Na recepci m\u011blo b\u00fdt vyv\u011b\u0161eno mnoho jord\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a izraelsk\u00fdch vlajek. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo si st\u011b\u017eovalo, \u017ee v Eretz Jisrael nelze vyv\u011bsit ciz\u00ed vlajku. Kr\u00e1l se c\u00edtil ura\u017een a uznal OOP.<\/p>\n

Shahakova kniha je stru\u010dn\u00e1 mal\u00e1 kniha se spoustou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zala jsem z toho jen m\u00e1lo a v\u0159ele doporu\u010duji si pr\u00e1ci p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst.<\/p>\n

Bruna\u00a0Frascolla<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee judaismus se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed supremaistick\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm a judaismus \u0159\u00edd\u00ed St\u00e1t Izrael, je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":68172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[470,2434,6431,92],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68171"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68171"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68171\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}