{"id":67598,"date":"2024-12-07T00:34:54","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T23:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67598"},"modified":"2024-12-06T15:32:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T14:32:12","slug":"al-tanf-americka-basta-v-syrii-a-jak-chrani-izrael","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/07\/al-tanf-americka-basta-v-syrii-a-jak-chrani-izrael\/","title":{"rendered":"Al-Tanf: Americk\u00e1 ba\u0161ta v S\u00fdrii a jak chr\u00e1n\u00ed Izrael"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Mise americk\u00e9 koalice proti ISIS se rychle prom\u011bnila v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategii okupace \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed S\u00fdrie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1kladna Al-Tanf byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlivu a podporu izraelsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f uprost\u0159ed s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edho m\u00edstn\u00edho odporu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 USA ozn\u00e1mily vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koalice<\/span><\/a>\u00a0za \u00fa\u010dasti 86 zem\u00ed s c\u00edlem vym\u00fdtit teroristickou skupinu ISIS, kter\u00e1\u00a0 koncem \u010dervna\u00a0<\/span>vyhl\u00e1sila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201echalif\u00e1tu\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Operace koalice za\u010dala v S\u00fdrii a Ir\u00e1ku na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2015. Co se v\u0161ak rozvinulo, bylo v\u00edc ne\u017e jen kampa\u0148 proti terorismu; stala se prost\u0159edkem pro prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed USA v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlivu a zdroj\u016f ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f jej\u00edho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho spojence Izraele.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00e1lky pro geostrategick\u00e9 zisky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Washington vyu\u017eil kampa\u0148 proti ISIS k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch geostrategick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f a vyslal do S\u00fdrie zhruba 2000 voj\u00e1k\u016f \u2013 okupaci, kter\u00e1 poru\u0161ovala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a syrskou suverenitu. Do roku 2016 americk\u00e9 s\u00edly z\u0159\u00eddily p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Al-Tanf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na trojhrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti mezi S\u00fdri\u00ed, Ir\u00e1kem a Jord\u00e1nskem. Tato pozice, ji\u017en\u011b od \u0159eky Eufrat, p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed kritickou z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed trasu z Teher\u00e1nu do Dama\u0161ku a Bejr\u00fatu, kterou USA pova\u017euj\u00ed za v\u00fdznamnou pro region\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna Al-Tanf byla p\u016fvodn\u011b zalo\u017eena v roce 1991 p\u0159ed druhou v\u00e1lkou v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, znovu aktivov\u00e1na b\u011bhem invaze do Ir\u00e1ku v roce 2003 a pot\u00e9 uzav\u0159ena pot\u00e9, co americk\u00e9 s\u00edly upevnily kontrolu v Ir\u00e1ku. Znovu se otev\u0159ela v roce 2016 pot\u00e9, co byl ISIS vyhn\u00e1n z oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby slou\u017eil Al-Tanf nejen jako cvi\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro bojovn\u00edky Maghawir al-Thawra podporovan\u00e9ho CIA, ale tak\u00e9 jako \u00faheln\u00fd k\u00e1men \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f USA, jak poznamenal plukovn\u00edk Daniel Magruder Jr. ve\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1v\u011b Brookings Institution<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z roku 2020 nazvan\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Al. Pos\u00e1dka Tanf: Americk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 zavazadla na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b<\/span><\/i>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Magrudera m\u011bl Al-Tanf usnadnit pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed boj proti ISIS, \u010delit \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m a udr\u017eet p\u00e1ku p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00edch o budoucnosti S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Role z\u00e1kladny v\u0161ak dalece p\u0159esahovala tyto stanoven\u00e9 c\u00edle. Americk\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly v Al-Tanf se zapojily do \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch i obrann\u00fdch zpravodajsk\u00fdch operac\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporovaly ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny proti syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna fungovala jako centrum pro vojensk\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edisko (MOC), spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed s n\u011bkolika st\u00e1ty zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na koordinaci vojensk\u00fdch aktivit v ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fdrii, co\u017e nakonec podkopalo syrskou suverenitu a jej\u00ed spojence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd strategick\u00fd c\u00edl: n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e1 z\u00f3na pro Izrael<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b vojensk\u00e9 role podporuje strategick\u00e1 poloha Al-Tanf pl\u00e1ny na \u0159\u00edzenou n\u00e1razn\u00edkovou z\u00f3nu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fd uprchlick\u00fd t\u00e1bor Rukban. Vojensk\u00fd expert gener\u00e1lmajor Muhammad Abb\u00e1s \u0159ekl\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/i>\u00a0, \u017ee tento n\u00e1razn\u00edk pom\u016f\u017ee c\u00edl\u016fm USA a Izraele vytvo\u0159en\u00edm fyzick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry mezi S\u00fdri\u00ed a Ir\u00e1kem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna tak\u00e9 usnad\u0148uje izraelsk\u00e9 operace v syrsk\u00e9m vzdu\u0161n\u00e9m prostoru a poskytuje logistickou v\u00fdhodu pro mise vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 obch\u00e1zej\u00ed syrskou protivzdu\u0161nou obranu. Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi USA a okupa\u010dn\u00edm st\u00e1tem byla dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1na, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Al-Tanf slou\u017eil jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pro izraelsk\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 \u00fatoky hluboko uvnit\u0159 S\u00fdrie \u2013 \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 by byly mnohem riskantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy kv\u016fli syrsk\u00fdm protiletadlov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Washingtonsk\u00e9ho institutu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z roku 2021 zd\u016fraznila, jak americk\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Al-Tanf p\u0159\u00edmo prosp\u011bla Izraeli a podpo\u0159ila jeho \u201e\u00a0<\/span>bitvu mezi v\u00e1lkami<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c \u2013 strategick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na minimalizaci rizika a vyu\u017eit\u00ed slabin syrsk\u00e9 obrany.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00fd analytik Bassem al-Shehawi v rozhovoru pro\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/i>\u00a0poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee americk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v S\u00fdrii byla v\u017edy v souladu s ochranou Izraele, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm geografick\u00fdch vazeb mezi \u010dleny Osy odporu nebo nasazen\u00edm pokro\u010dil\u00fdch radarov\u00fdch a protivzdu\u0161n\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f k ochran\u011b Tel Avivu. z\u00e1jmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam Al-Tanfu pro USA a Izrael\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je, \u017ee tak\u00e9 usnad\u0148uje \u00fatoky izraelsk\u00e9ho letectva na c\u00edle hluboko uvnit\u0159 S\u00fdrie \u2013 \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 nemohly b\u00fdt provedeny z Libanonu nebo z okupovan\u00fdch Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in kv\u016fli vzd\u00e1lenosti. Od roku 2018, kdy syrsk\u00e1 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sest\u0159elila izraelsk\u00fd F-16<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, se izraelsk\u00e9 s\u00edly zcela vyh\u00fdbaly vstupu do syrsk\u00e9ho vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho prostoru ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed strany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shehawi dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to z\u00e1kladny poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jej\u00ed n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny a vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00edku, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed polom\u011br 55 kilometr\u016f. Ty byly zalo\u017eeny kv\u016fli nekonfliktn\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed mezi Ruskem a USA ohledn\u011b S\u00fdrie. Z\u00e1kladna tak\u00e9 sehr\u00e1la roli p\u0159i konfrontaci bezpilotn\u00edch a raketov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f zah\u00e1jen\u00fdch \u00cdr\u00e1nem b\u011bhem\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>operac\u00ed True Promise 1 a 2<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a\u0165 u\u017e t\u00edm, \u017ee poskytovala radarov\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo se je sna\u017eila sest\u0159elit, podobn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jin\u00fdch americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v S\u00fdrii a \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm regionu. .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>Al-Monitor<\/span><\/i>\u00a0tak\u00e9 potvrzuje, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e9 st\u00edhac\u00ed letouny d\u0159\u00edve vyu\u017e\u00edvaly koridor pod\u00e9l jord\u00e1nsko-syrsk\u00e9 hranice a vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor kolem Al-Tanf k pr\u016fniku do syrsk\u00e9ho vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho prostoru k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u00fader\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam Al-Tanf byl evidentn\u00ed b\u011bhem prezidentov\u00e1n\u00ed Donalda Trumpa, kter\u00fd \u010dasto mluvil o sta\u017een\u00ed americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f ze S\u00fdrie. Situace na m\u00edst\u011b v\u0161ak byla nuan\u010dn\u00ed. I kdy\u017e Trump ve\u0159ejn\u011b prohla\u0161oval o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sta\u017een\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci v jeho administrativ\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9ho poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost Johna Boltona, zajistili, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pozice jako Al-Tanf z\u016fstanou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Bolton uvedl, \u017ee jak\u00e9koli sta\u017een\u00ed ze S\u00fdrie by bylo podm\u00edn\u011bno dohodou s Ruskem o nahrazen\u00ed americk\u00fdch sil v Al-Tanf, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zajist\u00ed, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy budou chr\u00e1n\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Budoucnost americk\u00e9 okupace S\u00fdrie\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S Trumpem, kter\u00fd se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc chyst\u00e1 vr\u00e1tit do B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu, se znovu objevily ot\u00e1zky o budoucnosti americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti v S\u00fdrii. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee navzdory jak\u00e9koli obnoven\u00e9 r\u00e9torice o omezen\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti z\u016fstane Al-Tanf kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm aktivem pro udr\u017een\u00ed americk\u00e9ho vlivu v S\u00fdrii a regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2023 nav\u0161t\u00edvil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Al-Tanf b\u00fdval\u00fd n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk Sboru n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk\u016f \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f USA Mark Milley\u00a0\u00a0, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraznil jeho v\u00fdznam pro bezpe\u010dnost Izraele a potvrdil, \u017ee se nepl\u00e1nuje sta\u017een\u00ed. Al-Tanf bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i nad\u00e1le hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve strategii Washingtonu pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, i kdy\u017e omez\u00ed svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost jinde v S\u00fdrii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna slou\u017e\u00ed jako strategick\u00e1 karta \u2013 umo\u017e\u0148uje trval\u00fd vliv, podporuje nestabilitu a komplikuje dynamiku regionu. P\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kritick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Jak udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edtomnost USA v Al-Tanf vzhledem k rostouc\u00edmu odporu? Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee\u00a0 se\u00a0<\/span>ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 a m\u00edstn\u00ed syrsk\u00e9 frakce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0st\u00e1le v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na americk\u00e9 pozice, schopnost Washingtonu udr\u017eet si kontrolu nad Al-Tanf m\u016f\u017ee sl\u00e1bnout.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010casem by S\u00fdrie mohla vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed \u201elidov\u00fd odpor\u201c k vyvinut\u00ed tlaku a donutit americk\u00e9 s\u00edly, aby nakonec opustily syrsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, jak bylo nazna\u010deno na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku s\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>kmenov\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Deir Ezzor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Haidar Mustafa<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mise americk\u00e9 koalice proti ISIS se rychle prom\u011bnila v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategii okupace \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed S\u00fdrie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43703,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,107,111,147,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67599,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67598\/revisions\/67599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}