{"id":67548,"date":"2024-12-06T00:36:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T23:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67548"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:50:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T14:50:05","slug":"prvni-zamestnani-prvni-krok-k-zabezpeceni-ve-stari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/06\/prvni-zamestnani-prvni-krok-k-zabezpeceni-ve-stari\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed krok k zabezpe\u010den\u00ed ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Podzim a za\u010d\u00e1tek zimy b\u00fdv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edho zlomu pro absolventy st\u0159edn\u00edch a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol: mus\u00ed \u0159\u00edci sbohem studentsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu a za\u010d\u00edt vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat. Ze mzdy si u\u017e plat\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, co\u017e je \u010dasto spojeno s\u00a0p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, jak rychle se korunky rozkut\u00e1l\u00ed z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dtu\u2026 A k\u00a0tomu je\u0161t\u011b maj\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt myslet i na zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka, proto\u017ee tato etapa je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00edm pro start individu\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, jakkoli se jev\u00ed v\u00a0nekone\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e1lce.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do \u017eivota mlad\u00fdm absolvent\u016fm vstupuj\u00ed v\u00fddaje spojen\u00e9 se za\u010d\u00e1tkem samostatn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Platby za bydlen\u00ed, energie nebo j\u00edzdenky a n\u00e1klady na stravov\u00e1n\u00ed doposud hradili z\u00a0rozpo\u010dtu dom\u00e1cnosti v\u011bt\u0161inou jejich rodi\u010de, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b si ml\u00e1de\u017e zat\u00edm z\u00a0brig\u00e1d jen p\u0159isp\u00edvala. Te\u010f je to u\u017e \u010dasto na nich. Prvn\u00ed mzdy neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak vysok\u00e9 (podle port\u00e1lu Platy.cz odpov\u00eddaly u vysoko\u0161kolsky vzd\u011blan\u00fdch koncem roku 2023 zhruba pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzd\u011b v\u00a0\u010cR okolo 43\u00a0400 korun; u absolvent\u016f S\u0160 to bylo m\u00e9n\u011b). Mlad\u00ed tak mus\u00ed volit, co si kdy mohou dovolit.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 starost: osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za zabezpe\u010den\u00ed na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Vedle poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro sou\u010dasn\u00fd samostatn\u00fd \u017eivot (hlavn\u011b \u00farazov\u00e9ho, odpov\u011bdnostn\u00edho, d\u00e1le povinn\u00e9ho ru\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti) by m\u011bl mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk u\u017e od prvn\u00edho v\u00fdd\u011blku spo\u0159it nebo investovat na postproduktivn\u00ed v\u011bk. <em>\u201eJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed starobn\u00ed penze bude v\u00a0budoucnu vypl\u00e1cena pozd\u011bji a bude ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Bude tak plnit funkci zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho minima, nikoli o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho standardu,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Lenka R\u016f\u017ekov\u00e1, tiskov\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed skupiny UNIQA. Z pr\u016fzkumu agentury Perfect Crowd p\u0159itom vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee na d\u016fchod si spo\u0159\u00ed 6 \u010cech\u016f z 10, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e spo\u0159en\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 a lid\u00e9 se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm. \u00a0Dle sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho doporu\u010den\u00ed p\u0159itom plat\u00ed, \u017ee do penze bychom m\u011bli odch\u00e1zet se dv\u011bma miliony korun. Myslete ale na to, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stka se bude v \u010dase, vlivem r\u016fstu cen, zvy\u0161ovat. Tady zkr\u00e1tka plat\u00ed r\u010den\u00ed: \u201e\u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv, t\u00edm l\u00edp\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed o tom, jak se k tomu \u010dlov\u011bk postav\u00ed, je na ka\u017ed\u00e9m z\u00a0n\u00e1s. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v \u00favahu n\u011bkolik skute\u010dnost\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rozhodnut\u00ed je <strong>dlouhodob\u00e9<\/strong>. Spo\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011blo prob\u00edhat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 let, aby slo\u017een\u00e9 \u00faro\u010den\u00ed mohlo p\u0159in\u00e9st zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Jde o <strong>pravideln\u00fd z\u00e1vazek<\/strong>, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc p\u016fjde na tento \u00fa\u010del ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka. Sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt s \u010d\u00e1stkou 500 \u20131 000 K\u010d m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b a postupn\u011b ji navy\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk je jin\u00fd a m\u00e1 subjektivn\u011b jinou <strong>akceptaci rizika<\/strong>, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e jsou n\u00e1stroje zabezpe\u010den\u00ed spojen\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee del\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd horizont l\u00e9pe vykr\u00fdv\u00e1 do\u010dasn\u00e9 propady v\u00fdnos\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed situaci je t\u0159eba pohl\u00ed\u017eet jako na celek a podle toho se rozhodovat. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je to ud\u011blat ve <strong>spolupr\u00e1ci se zku\u0161en\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm poradcem<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje m\u00e1 mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk na v\u00fdb\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd si m\u016f\u017ee zvolit, jak aktivn\u011b se chce pod\u00edlet na spr\u00e1v\u011b sv\u00fdch financ\u00ed pro budoucnost. Nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejflexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou je investov\u00e1n\u00ed do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch titul\u016f, jako jsou akcie nebo dluhopisy. <em>\u201eTo v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje opravdu zku\u0161enost, znalosti a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017enou p\u00e9\u010di. Sou\u010dasn\u011b i rozvahu a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed akceptaci rizika kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot. Ur\u010dit\u011b to nelze doporu\u010dit osob\u00e1m bez ekonomick\u00e9ho pov\u011bdom\u00ed a znalosti finan\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f,\u201c <\/em>varuje Lenka R\u016f\u017ekov\u00e1 z UNIQA. Pro m\u00e9n\u011b zku\u0161en\u00e9 investory je mo\u017en\u00e9 investovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm investi\u010dn\u00edch fond\u016f, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed diverzifikaci a odbornou spr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z modern\u00edch produkt\u016f je <strong>Dlouhodob\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed produkt (DIP)<\/strong>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zhodnocen\u00ed d\u00edky dlouh\u00e9mu horizontu investov\u00e1n\u00ed (minim\u00e1ln\u011b 10 let, nejm\u00e9n\u011b do 60 let v\u011bku). Tento n\u00e1stroj p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy a mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f od zam\u011bstnavatele, kter\u00fd t\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 s del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00fdm horizontem by m\u011bli zva\u017eovat akciov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed volatilitou, kter\u00e1 se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zpravidla vyrovn\u00e1. Aktivn\u00ed spr\u00e1va portfolia umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed investic \u017eivotn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a rizikov\u00e9mu profilu investora. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f k roku 2023 nab\u00edz\u00ed DIP na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu zhruba dv\u011b des\u00edtky finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm banky a investi\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed volbou je <strong>Dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 penzijn\u00ed spo\u0159en\u00ed (DPS)<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 je tradi\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou. Tento produkt je spojen s \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00fdmi fondy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulovan\u00e9 strategie od dynamick\u00fdch po konzervativn\u00ed. Dynamick\u00e9 fondy s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem v\u00fdkyv\u016f jsou vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro mlad\u00e9 investory s dlouhodob\u00fdm horizontem, zat\u00edmco konzervativn\u00ed strategie vyhovuj\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost stabilit\u011b. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu dev\u011bt penzijn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. DPS nab\u00edz\u00ed tak\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu, da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky zam\u011bstnavatele. V\u00fdhodou je jednoduchost spr\u00e1vy a mo\u017enost p\u0159edd\u016fchodu na konci spo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed produkt\u016f zabezpe\u010den\u00ed na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Da\u0148ov\u00e9 odpo\u010dty lze u DIP uplatnit u\u017e od prvn\u00ed investovan\u00e9 koruny, zat\u00edmco u DPS je da\u0148ov\u00fd odpo\u010det dostupn\u00fd a\u017e p\u0159i vkladu nad 1700 korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Celkov\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed limit da\u0148ov\u00e9ho odpo\u010dtu se letos zdvojn\u00e1sobil na 48 tis\u00edc korun. Tento limit plat\u00ed souhrnn\u011b pro DPS, \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, DIP a poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pokr\u00fdt soukrom\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eU dopl\u0148kov\u00e9ho penzijn\u00edho spo\u0159en\u00ed je i \u010d\u00e1stka, kterou si mohou lid\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edtat po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na z p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nad 1700, tak\u017ee optim\u00e1ln\u011b by m\u011bli lid\u00e9 spo\u0159it 5 700,-K\u010d do DPS, aby si mohli ode\u010d\u00edst 48 tis\u00edc z da\u0148ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu. Mohou si ale vlo\u017eit jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek do 30. 11. a ten je bez limitu. Kv\u016fli limit\u016fm je slo\u017eit\u00e9 to takto zobecnit, proto\u017ee kdy\u017e si lid\u00e9 budou d\u00e1vat 4 tis\u00edce do DIP, tis\u00edc na \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a 700 do DPS, tak 700 korun do z\u00e1kladu da\u0148ov\u00e9ho odpo\u010dtu d\u00e1t nemohou,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje R\u016f\u017ekov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>St\u0159adatel\u00e9 v DPS mohou \u010derpat i st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu. P\u0159i pravideln\u00fdch vkladech alespo\u0148 500 korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b z\u00edskaj\u00ed podporu, jej\u00ed\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e \u010din\u00ed 340 korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pro \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky spo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 1700 korun.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Na co si d\u00e1t pozor?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Investov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy nese rizika kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty investice. Ka\u017ed\u00fd investor je jin\u00fd a podle toho by m\u011bl volit vhodn\u00fd produkt. Finan\u010dn\u00ed trh je volatiln\u00ed, a minul\u00e9 zisky nejsou z\u00e1rukou budouc\u00edho zhodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sezn\u00e1mit se s podrobn\u00fdmi informacemi a riziky konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho produktu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b statutem a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi informacemi pro investory. <em>\u201eA\u010dkoliv dynamika konzervativn\u00edch fond\u016f je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u dynamick\u00fdch fond\u016f, jejich volatilita a rizikovost jsou o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed doporu\u010dov\u00e1ny klient\u016fm bl\u00edzko penze nebo citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k riziku. Naopak klient\u016fm s dlouh\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm horizontem a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed toleranc\u00ed rizika obvykle vych\u00e1z\u00ed z dotazn\u00edk\u016f doporu\u010den\u00ed investovat dynami\u010dt\u011bji,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Jan Kudl\u00e1\u010dek, Portfolio Manager Akciov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9ho fondu dopl\u0148kov\u00e9ho penzijn\u00edho spo\u0159en\u00ed UNIQA.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podzim a za\u010d\u00e1tek zimy b\u00fdv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edho zlomu pro absolventy st\u0159edn\u00edch a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol:&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":46323,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[45,4449,2624],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67548"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}