{"id":67524,"date":"2024-12-06T00:35:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T23:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67524"},"modified":"2024-12-05T14:42:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T13:42:28","slug":"od-krize-k-boomu-jak-zakon-o-ockovani-z-roku-1986-katapultoval-prumysl-z-1-miliardy-na-74-miliard-dolaru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/06\/od-krize-k-boomu-jak-zakon-o-ockovani-z-roku-1986-katapultoval-prumysl-z-1-miliardy-na-74-miliard-dolaru\/","title":{"rendered":"Od krize k boomu: Jak z\u00e1kon o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 1986 katapultoval pr\u016fmysl z 1 miliardy na 74 miliard dolar\u016f!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><em>Od p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona NCVIA (National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act) v roce 1986 pro\u0161el o\u010dkovac\u00ed pr\u016fmysl hlubok\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. Odv\u011btv\u00ed se vyvinulo z bojuj\u00edc\u00edho trhu poznamenan\u00e9ho soudn\u00edmi spory a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed ziskovost\u00ed na multimiliardovou spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi inovacemi a glob\u00e1ln\u00edm vlivem. Tento posun umo\u017enily regula\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1sahy b\u011bhem Reaganovy vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159etvo\u0159ily o\u010dkovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Abychom ilustrovali hlubok\u00e9 zm\u011bny od p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona z roku 1986, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s vakc\u00ednami zaznamenal od 80. let v\u00fdznamn\u00fd r\u016fst a stal se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm a ziskov\u00fdm sektorem farmaceutick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. V roce 2014 byl celosv\u011btov\u00fd trh s vakc\u00ednami ocen\u011bn na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 32,5 miliardy dolar\u016f. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee do roku 2024 dos\u00e1hne podle Statista t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 62 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst za desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento r\u016fstov\u00fd trend bude pokra\u010dovat. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee trh do roku 2025 dos\u00e1hne 74,12 miliardy USD a do roku 2029 vzroste na 88,61 miliardy USD, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v letech 2024 a\u017e 2029 zaznamen\u00e1 slo\u017eenou ro\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edru r\u016fstu (CAGR) 3,64 %.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pandemie COVID-19 zas\u00e1hla i trh s vakc\u00ednami. Odhaduje se, \u017ee segment vakc\u00edn proti COVID-19 bude do roku 2024 generovat p\u0159\u00edjmy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25,60 miliardy dolar\u016f. Toto \u010d\u00edslo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b kleslo ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lety 2021\u20132022, kdy byly po\u017eadavky na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed v mnoha zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tato \u010d\u00edsla podtrhuj\u00ed prom\u011bnu o\u010dkovac\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu v d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, \u0159\u00edzenou technologick\u00fdm pokrokem, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm pov\u011bdom\u00edm o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdvojem vakc\u00edn proti \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu spektru nemoc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>S takov\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed politick\u00e1 moc, o kter\u00e9 bude \u0159e\u010d n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>V\u00fdzvy p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem z roku 1986<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>P\u0159ed z\u00e1konem z roku 1986 \u010delil o\u010dkovac\u00ed pr\u016fmysl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli soudn\u00edm spor\u016fm o odpov\u011bdnost za v\u00fdrobek. Zat\u00edmco vakc\u00edny byly pr\u016flomov\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159edch\u00e1zet nemocem, nesly s sebou riziko vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. V 70. letech a na po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed do\u0161lo k vln\u011b soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u00fadajn\u00fdch zran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaly vakc\u00edny proti z\u00e1\u0161krtu, \u010dern\u00e9mu ka\u0161li a tetanu (DPT), co\u017e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdplat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V\u00fdrobci, zavalen\u00ed t\u011bmito \u017ealobami, se za\u010dali stahovat z trhu s vakc\u00ednami. V polovin\u011b 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed st\u00e1le vyr\u00e1b\u011bla vakc\u00edny jen hrstka spole\u010dnost\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Tento exodus zp\u016fsobil krizi ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed: zmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se po\u010det v\u00fdrobc\u016f vakc\u00edn ohro\u017eoval n\u00e1rodn\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed programy a riskoval nedostatek \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch vakc\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Z\u00e1kon o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 1986: Legislativn\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 lano<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>V reakci na tuto krizi p\u0159ijal Kongres v roce 1986 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon o \u00farazech zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch d\u011btsk\u00fdmi vakc\u00ednami, kter\u00fd podepsal prezident Ronald Reagan. Z\u00e1kon byl kompromisem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl stabilizovat trh s vakc\u00ednami a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159e\u0161it obavy ve\u0159ejnosti o bezpe\u010dnost vakc\u00edn. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed zahrnovala:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><span>Zaveden\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho programu pro od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed poran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch vakcinac\u00ed (NVICP)<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Tento program zavedl syst\u00e9m od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed utrp\u011bli zran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 vakc\u00ednami.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Financov\u00e1no z mal\u00e9 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b na vakc\u00edny, m\u011blo za c\u00edl zjednodu\u0161it od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det \u017ealob proti v\u00fdrobc\u016fm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ochrana odpov\u011bdnosti pro v\u00fdrobce<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>V\u00fdrobci vakc\u00edn byli osvobozeni od soudn\u00edch spor\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s \u201enevyhnuteln\u00fdmi\u201c vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, pokud splnili regula\u010dn\u00ed normy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Toto vylou\u010den\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti p\u0159esunulo finan\u010dn\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika z v\u00fdrobc\u016f na vl\u00e1dou financovan\u00fd kompenza\u010dn\u00ed program.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti vakc\u00edn:<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Z\u00e1kon vy\u017eadoval hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod do syst\u00e9mu hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod vakc\u00edn (VAERS) a v\u00fdrobce po\u017eadoval, aby poskytovatel\u016fm zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de poskytovali komplexn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed informace.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Boom na trhu s vakc\u00ednami<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>NCVIA z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnila ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty vakcina\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu. Proto\u017ee rizika odpov\u011bdnosti byla zm\u00edrn\u011bna, spole\u010dnosti m\u011bly motivaci investovat do v\u00fdvoje vakc\u00edn. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch trh s vakc\u00ednami dramaticky rostl d\u00edky n\u011bkolika faktor\u016fm, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><em><span>TrialSite<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Expanze trhu<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s vakc\u00ednami vzrostl z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 miliardy USD v roce 1986 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 65 miliard USD v roce 2023, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee do roku 2030 dos\u00e1hne v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 miliard USD.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Tento r\u016fst byl ta\u017een v\u00fdvojem nov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn (nap\u0159. proti HPV, pneumokok\u016fm a rotavir\u016fm) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm o\u010dkovac\u00edm sch\u00e9mat\u016fm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Technologick\u00e9 inovace<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Pokroky v biotechnologi\u00edch, jako je technologie mRNA, zp\u016fsobily revoluci ve v\u00fdvoji vakc\u00edn, jak dokazuje rychl\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed vakc\u00edn proti COVID-19.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Pr\u016fmysl tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eil ze zlep\u0161en\u00fdch adjuvans a metod pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161ily \u00fa\u010dinnost a dostupnost vakc\u00edn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Partnerstv\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho a soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi vl\u00e1dami, neziskov\u00fdmi organizacemi a farmaceutick\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi podpo\u0159ila v\u00fdzkum vakc\u00edn a zajistila financov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch o\u010dkovac\u00edch program\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nap\u0159\u00edklad Gavi, Vaccine Alliance, pomohla distribuovat miliardy d\u00e1vek vakc\u00edn po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Ziskovost a obchodn\u00ed investice<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span>Vakc\u00edny se staly extr\u00e9mn\u011b lukrativn\u00edmi a trh\u00e1ky, jako je HPV vakc\u00edna Gardasil, generuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b miliardy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Spole\u010dnosti jako Pfizer, Moderna a Merck se uk\u00e1zaly jako l\u00edd\u0159i na trhu s vakc\u00ednami, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00faspor z rozsahu a inovac\u00ed k ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 distribuce.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed vakc\u00ednou a vylou\u010den\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Zat\u00edmco NCVIA stabilizovala pr\u016fmysl, zm\u011bnila tak\u00e9 dynamiku odpov\u011bdnosti za po\u0161kozen\u00ed vakc\u00ednou. Toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo pob\u00eddky pro inovace a v\u00fdrobu, ale vytvo\u0159ilo etick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a v\u00fdzvy k budov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za po\u0161kozen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vakc\u00ednou. NVICP od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed vyplatila v\u00edce ne\u017e 4,9 miliardy dolar\u016f, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pouze malou \u010d\u00e1st podan\u00fdch vakc\u00edn, ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uje existenci vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch, ale z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Kritici nyn\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee proces \u017e\u00e1dosti o od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed je t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd a \u0161patn\u011b pochopen\u00fd, co\u017e omezuje p\u0159\u00edstup pro zran\u011bn\u00e9 osoby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Objevuj\u00ed se dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na po COVID-19 a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m Programu kompenzace zran\u011bn\u00ed proti opat\u0159en\u00edm (CICP) \u00fa\u0159adu Health Resources &amp; Services Administration (HRSA), kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb. B\u011bhem pandemie, kdy byly v bezprecedentn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nasazeny stovky milion\u016f d\u00e1vek nov\u00fdch mRNA vakc\u00edn COVID-19, mal\u00e1 vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed neziskov\u00e1 organizace React19 poskytla na podporu ob\u011bt\u00ed vakc\u00edn v\u00edce pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch dar\u016f ne\u017e cel\u00e1 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da v r\u00e1mci CICP. N\u011bco tady evidentn\u011b nesed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Z\u0159eknut\u00ed se odpov\u011bdnosti, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19, vedlo ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, d\u016fv\u011bry a celkov\u011b rostouc\u00ed v\u00e1havosti ohledn\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina se pod\u0159izuje. Ale vzhledem k politick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, mohlo by se n\u011bco zm\u011bnit?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ochrana odpov\u011bdnosti vyvolala skepticismus n\u011bkter\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee up\u0159ednost\u0148uje firemn\u00ed zisky p\u0159ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed. A v\u00e1havost ohledn\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, podporovan\u00e1 dezinformacemi, nad\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje velkou v\u00fdzvu pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed N\u011bkdy se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee takzvan\u00e9 dezinformace jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, co\u017e pr\u00e1ci zdravotnick\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zt\u011b\u017euje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jak\u00e9 byly \u00fa\u010dinky imunity?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Odstran\u011bn\u00edm rizik spojen\u00fdch s odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed jsou v\u00fdrobci vystaveni men\u0161\u00edmu finan\u010dn\u00edmu riziku, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje agresivn\u00ed cenov\u00e9 strategie. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad vzrostly n\u00e1klady na rutinn\u00ed vakc\u00edny, kter\u00e9 v USA n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed 500 dolar\u016f za d\u00e1vku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tato ziskovost kontrastuje s vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm vakc\u00edn jako ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho statku a podn\u011bcuje debaty o cen\u00e1ch a spravedlnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Budoucnost o\u010dkovac\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>O\u010dkovac\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho zdrav\u00ed, \u010del\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem. Vedlo to k medikalizaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e skupiny jako Gates Foundation vychvaluj\u00ed investice pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 blaho a z\u00e1rove\u0148 skl\u00edz\u00ed velk\u00e9 zisky, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><em><span>TrialSite<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0s 10n\u00e1sobnou n\u00e1vratnost\u00ed investic z v\u010dasn\u00e9 Gatesovy investice do n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho BioNTech. Tato spole\u010dnost samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vyvinula mRNA vakc\u00ednu, se kterou Pfizer b\u011bhem pandemie spolupracoval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Reforma je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ve vzduchu. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky voleb a nominace Roberta F. Kennedyho Jr. Trumpem, kter\u00fd dlouhodob\u011b kritizuje bezpe\u010dnost vakc\u00edn, jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed na mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Kennedy \u0159ekl\u00a0s\u00edti\u00a0<\/span><em><span>TrialSite<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0, \u017ee je daleko od antivakcinace, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti. Ale pr\u016fmysl se spojil s lobbisty, kte\u0159\u00ed se hem\u017e\u00ed mocensk\u00fdmi s\u00edn\u011bmi ve Washingtonu DC. Ve vzduchu je strach, nejistota a pochybnosti. I kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jednodu\u0161e prohl\u00e1sit, \u017ee v\u0161echny vakc\u00edny jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, kdy\u017e se celkov\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme stovk\u00e1m miliard dolar\u016f, intuitivn\u011b v\u00edme, \u017ee ve h\u0159e jsou i jin\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V z\u00e1vislosti na tom, co se stane ve Washingtonu, bude rovnov\u00e1ha mezi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm dohledem a inova\u010dn\u00edmi pob\u00eddkami i nad\u00e1le kritick\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch platforem, jako je mRNA. Prahov\u00e1 hodnota pro nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a zran\u011bn\u00ed by se v\u0161ak mohla potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zp\u0159\u00edsnit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b existuj\u00ed obavy o spravedlnost a rostouc\u00ed n\u00e1klady na vakc\u00edny. Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k vakc\u00edn\u00e1m v zem\u00edch s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch nerovnost\u00ed v oblasti zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pandemie COVID-19 uk\u00e1zala zdravotnick\u00fdm organizac\u00edm pot\u0159ebu robustn\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 by reagovala na vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed hrozby. Ale co jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, jako nap\u0159 B. nov\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 kombinace l\u00e9k\u016f a dokonce i p\u0159irozen\u00e1 imunita jako v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd faktor? Navrhovan\u00fd nov\u00fd \u0159editel N\u00e1rodn\u00edho institutu zdrav\u00ed, Jay Bhattacharya, kritizoval velkou \u010d\u00e1st vl\u00e1dn\u00ed reakce na COVID-19. Podle\u00a0<\/span><em><span>New York Times<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento \u201ekorunova\u010dn\u00ed klenot\u201c ohro\u017een. Byla Velk\u00e1 Barringtonova deklarace tak radik\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo to byl sp\u00ed\u0161e zdrav\u00fd rozum, nebo to bylo n\u011bkde mezi t\u00edm, kdy\u017e nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me ch\u00e1pat externality vl\u00e1dn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1kon o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 1986 znamenal pro o\u010dkovac\u00ed pr\u016fmysl zlomov\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd jej p\u0159em\u011bnil z bojuj\u00edc\u00edho sektoru na prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed a vysoce ziskov\u00fd byznys. Zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00edm rizik odpov\u011bdnosti a podporou inovac\u00ed z\u00e1kon zajistil trvalou dostupnost vakc\u00edn a chr\u00e1nil ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed z pohledu pr\u016fmyslu a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 dynamika trhu \u2013 charakterizovan\u00e1 rostouc\u00edmi n\u00e1klady, debatami o \u0161kodlivosti vakc\u00edn a v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech \u0161patn\u011b podporovan\u00fdmi zran\u011bn\u00edmi a rostouc\u00edmi probl\u00e9my s d\u016fv\u011brou ve\u0159ejnosti \u2013 v\u0161ak podtrhuje pot\u0159ebu neust\u00e1l\u00e9 ostra\u017eitosti, aby byly vyv\u00e1\u017eeny motivy zisku, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prahy a spravedliv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. v\u00fdsledky. Odborn\u00edci na vakc\u00ednu v Americe ned\u00e1vno volali po reform\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0<\/span><em><span>TrialSite<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0\u201e\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Breaking: Vaccine Luminaries deklaruj\u00ed \u010das na velk\u00e9 investice do v\u00fdzkumu bezpe\u010dnosti po ud\u011blen\u00ed povolen\u00ed \u2013 reforma a reakce na tr\u017en\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po zm\u011bn\u011b<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0\u201c Autorizace investovat \u2013 reformy a reakce na tr\u017en\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po zm\u011bn\u011b)\u00a0<\/span><span>zva\u017eovali vlivn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i a v\u011bdci .\u00a0Ameri\u010dt\u00ed odborn\u00edci na vakc\u00edny vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dn\u00edho o\u010dkovac\u00edho programu. Program, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na jednu stranu podle autor\u016f jasn\u00e9, hmatateln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 hromadn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201e\u0160iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd o\u010dkovac\u00ed skepticismus pozorovan\u00fd b\u011bhem pandemie Covid-19 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ve\u0159ejnost ji\u017e nen\u00ed spokojena s tradi\u010dn\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm c\u00edlem snadn\u00e9 identifikace a kvantifikace souvisej\u00edc\u00edch rizik po schv\u00e1len\u00ed vakc\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V nezbytn\u00e9m a cenn\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed profesor Johns Hopkins Daniel Salmon, Ph.D.\u00a0<\/span><em><span>,<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0profesor Emory Vaccine Center a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fd \u0159editel\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Walter Orenstein, MD<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0, sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 vakc\u00edn a spoluv\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 vakc\u00edny proti ch\u0159ipce\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Stanley Plotkin, MD,<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0a v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u0159editel Brighton Collaboration\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Robert Chen\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><span>, MD<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0, jsou spoluautory textu publikovan\u00e9ho v Essentially strong words moudrosti pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed na starosti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd establishment, vl\u00e1du a pr\u016fmysl ve sv\u011bt\u011b vakc\u00edn: Je \u010das oslovit po\u017eadavky trhu na v\u00edce Transparentnost, d\u016fsledn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed a mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm, ale skute\u010dn\u00fdm a z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f vakc\u00edn zn\u00ed jako \u010dl\u00e1nek z\u00a0<\/span><em><span>TrialSite<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0, kdy\u017e prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed vakc\u00ednami \u201eji\u017e nevypadaj\u00ed jako vz\u00e1cn\u00e1, proto\u017ee vakc\u00edny jsou pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny milion\u016fm nebo miliard\u00e1m lid\u00ed\u201c. Jak\u00fd je ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, jak se posunout vp\u0159ed a prosadit v\u011bc pro v\u0161echny?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee trh s vakc\u00ednami se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed, budou lekce z minulosti i nad\u00e1le z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jeho budoucnosti a s politick\u00fdmi v\u011btry zm\u011bn m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 forma reformy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ale ti, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee by se m\u011bl cel\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd rozvrh vyhodit z okna, budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zklam\u00e1ni. Drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina Ameri\u010dan\u016f dodr\u017euje tuto \u010dasovou osu a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v tom bude pokra\u010dovat, pokud nebudou p\u0159edlo\u017eeny otev\u0159en\u00e9 a nezaujat\u00e9 d\u016fkazy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na datech, kter\u00e9 jasn\u011b vyvracej\u00ed zaveden\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhod st\u00e1dn\u00ed imunity pro n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vir\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Od Trialsitenews<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trialsitenews.com\/a\/the-evolution-of-the-vaccine-industry-from-crisis-to-boom-post-1986-vaccine-act-sales-equal-1b-in-1986-to-74b-in-2024-1e97c045\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Od p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona NCVIA (National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act) v roce 1986 pro\u0161el o\u010dkovac\u00ed pr\u016fmysl&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,949,213,651],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67524"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67524\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}