{"id":67230,"date":"2024-12-01T05:11:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T04:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67230"},"modified":"2024-12-01T05:11:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T04:11:50","slug":"zdenek-jemelik-legislativou-proti-ochrane-prav-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/01\/zdenek-jemelik-legislativou-proti-ochrane-prav-deti\/","title":{"rendered":"Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk: Legislativou proti ochran\u011b pr\u00e1v d\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Asoci\u00e1ln\u00ed Fialova vl\u00e1da poslala do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny novelu trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Na p\u016fd\u011b spolku Chamurappi se j\u00ed zab\u00fdval Old\u0159ich Hein obs\u00e1hl\u00fdm esejem obecn\u00e9 povahy, dostupn\u00fdm na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch spolku. Jeho z\u00e1v\u011bry jsou pro vl\u00e1du nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9. Zd\u016fraznil d\u016fle\u017eitost zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu legislativn\u00ed tvorby k filozofick\u00fdm z\u00e1klad\u016fm pr\u00e1va, ohledu na mravnost i na historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pr\u00e1va od prad\u00e1vna a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti. A v\u0161iml si detailu v ustanoven\u00ed o p\u0159ednostn\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9ho trestu. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b majetkov\u00e9 nerovnosti spolupachatel\u016f ten solventn\u00ed se vyplat\u00ed z hroz\u00edc\u00edho uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco nemajetn\u00fd p\u016fjde za m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chci na n\u011bj nav\u00e1zat \u00favahami nad jednotlivostmi. Jako prvn\u00ed m\u011b p\u00e1l\u00ed nepom\u011br mezi motivac\u00ed legislativn\u00edch \u00faprav pot\u0159ebou sn\u00ed\u017eit rozsah trest\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bzen\u00edm a mravn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed st\u00e1tu chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va d\u011bt\u00ed-budoucnosti n\u00e1roda. Z medi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edehry k p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed novely je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee d\u016fle\u017eitou cestou k sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stav\u016f v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdch osob m\u00e1 b\u00fdt bagatelizace trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy dle \u00a7196 a\u017e 198 tr. z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Dosavadn\u00ed \u00faprava umo\u017e\u0148ovala pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u0161ech forem trestu podle ustanoven\u00ed trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a nav\u00edc mo\u017enost zadr\u017een\u00ed \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00e9ho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed neplati\u010de.<\/p>\n

V praxi se uplatn\u011bn\u00ed \u00a7196 a n\u00e1sl. t\u00fdkalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nepln\u011bn\u00ed alimenta\u010dn\u00ed povinnost v\u016f\u010di nezaopat\u0159en\u00fdm d\u011btem. Novin\u00e1\u0159i a politici se nyn\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed o vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry ve prosp\u011bch neplati\u010d\u016f. Ministr Pavel Bla\u017eek, odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed novely, tento v\u00fdvoj pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f obhajuje: z\u00e1nik trestnosti neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho umo\u017en\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edst v p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch v\u011bznic\u00edch. Je p\u0159ece zbyte\u010dn\u00e9, aby je zab\u00edrali mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed se ni\u010deho z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho nedopustili.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprav\u011b v \u00a7196 odst.3 se jedn\u00e1 o navozen\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed upadnut\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do stavu nouze jako o okolnosti, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enost zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. Horn\u00ed hranice trestn\u00ed sazby jsou t\u0159i roky. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se vin\u00edk\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed cesti\u010dka k \u00faniku p\u0159ed spravedlnost\u00ed projevem \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00edtosti dle \u00a7197 tr. z\u00e1kon\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Z praxe v\u00edm, \u017ee dostat neplati\u010de do v\u011bzen\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u016fbec snadn\u00e9. Rozumn\u00fd soudce d\u00e1 p\u0159ednost jak\u00e9mukoli \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vin\u00edkovi umo\u017en\u00ed, aby se sna\u017eil napravit, co se d\u00e1. Z v\u011bzen\u00ed, kde nebude vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat, by d\u011btem nepomohl.<\/p>\n

Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do novely po v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201emas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u201c odhaluje surovou skute\u010dnost. Nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava se scvrkla pouze na \u00a7196, kter\u00fd zn\u00ed: \u201eKdo nepln\u00ed, by\u0165 i z nedbalosti, svou z\u00e1konnou povinnost vy\u017eivovat nebo zaopat\u0159ovat jin\u00e9ho po dobu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce a vyd\u00e1 tak opr\u00e1vn\u011bnou osobu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nouze, bude potrest\u00e1n odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody a\u017e na jeden rok\u201c. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ustanoven\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00a7196 odst.3 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku obrovsk\u00e1 \u00faleva pro pachatele.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed mi jasn\u00e9, kdo bude posuzovat, zda neplati\u010d skute\u010dn\u011b dostal \u201ejin\u00e9ho\u201c do stavu nouze.Pro samosoudce by veden\u00ed takov\u00e9ho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed asi bylo nad jeho s\u00edly. P\u0159i p\u0159edstav\u011b, \u017ee p\u016fjde o d\u00edt\u011b v nouzi a ve v\u011bci by rozhodoval OSPOD, mi b\u011b\u017e\u00ed mr\u00e1z po z\u00e1dech.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava znamen\u00e1, \u017ee a\u017e na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eivovac\u00ed povinnosti nen\u00ed trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem. Nezaplacen\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 se stane z\u00e1vazkem, vymahateln\u00fdm podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Asi se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed civiln\u00edch soud\u016f n\u00e1padem t\u00e9to agendy. Vymahatelnost pohled\u00e1vek bude pro v\u011b\u0159itele obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, nebo\u0165 nad dlu\u017en\u00edky nebude viset Damokl\u016fv me\u010d trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. V \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budou st\u00e1t sami bez podpory policie a st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pova\u017euji novou \u00fapravu za nemravnou a v\u011bcn\u011b nespr\u00e1vnou. Spoluodpov\u011bdnost rodi\u010d\u016f za blaho d\u011bt\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamen\u016fm na\u0161eho pr\u00e1va. Zbavit otce legislativou odpov\u011bdnosti je uzn\u00e1n\u00edm jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti nad matky. Je to projev zp\u016fsobu my\u0161len\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 jednoslovn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed: el machismo (macho = samec; ch se \u010dte jako \u010d)Nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 neplati\u010de zav\u00edrat do v\u011bzen\u00ed, kde nemaj\u00ed mo\u017enost vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat. Ale dosavadn\u00ed \u00faprava umo\u017e\u0148ovala tla\u010dit na n\u011b cestou podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch a alternativn\u00edch trest\u016f a odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody m\u011blo b\u00fdt jen krajn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Fialova asoci\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem vykazuje matky do nerovnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed v\u016f\u010di otc\u016fm \u2013 neplati\u010d\u016fm. Pokud bez podpory neplati\u010de svou \u0161ikovnost\u00ed odvr\u00e1t\u00ed od d\u011bt\u00ed nouzi, ochr\u00e1n\u00ed ho p\u0159ed trestn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm. Zejm\u00e9na vl\u00e1da vzkazuje \u017een\u00e1m: chcete-li m\u00edt d\u011bti, u\u017eijte si to, ale na otce se nespol\u00e9hejte. Jejich trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u011b vymezen\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost pr\u00e1v\u011b zanikla. St\u00e1t ji vym\u00e1hat nebude. P\u00e9\u010de o blaho d\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed pro vl\u00e1du prioritou. B\u00fdt matkou necht\u011blo by se mi p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bt d\u011bti do sv\u011bta v takov\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. Odleh\u010den\u00ed p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdm v\u011bznic\u00edm je pro vl\u00e1du d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jej\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed je v tomto sm\u011bru zavr\u017een\u00edhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ale opozice ne\u0159ve, ani nehroz\u00ed parlamentn\u00edmi obstrukcemi! Slibuje, \u017ee po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v r.2025 zru\u0161\u00ed kdejakou zvr\u00e1cenost, prosazenou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m Parlamentu, ale ochrana pr\u00e1v d\u011bt\u00ed ji nevzru\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Asoci\u00e1ln\u00ed Fialova vl\u00e1da poslala do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny novelu trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Na p\u016fd\u011b spolku Chamurappi se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[245,33,1503,57],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67230"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67230\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}