{"id":67223,"date":"2024-12-01T00:36:47","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T23:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67223"},"modified":"2024-11-30T17:58:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-30T16:58:48","slug":"daniela-kovarova-co-prinese-umela-inteligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/12\/01\/daniela-kovarova-co-prinese-umela-inteligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Daniela Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1: Co p\u0159inese um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Pan\u00ed sen\u00e1torky Kol\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e pravideln\u011b o probl\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 \u00b4velk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia\u00b4 obch\u00e1zej\u00ed nebo vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jednostrann\u011b. Posu\u010fte sami jej\u00ed postoj k um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Technologick\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00e9mu jsme si zvykli \u0159\u00edkat \u201eUm\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence\u201c (AI), st\u00e1le agresivn\u011bji vstupuje do na\u0161ich \u017eivot\u016f a mezilidsk\u00e9 komunikace. N\u011bkomu v\u00edce, n\u011bkomu m\u00e9n\u011b, n\u011bkomu d\u0159\u00edve, n\u011bkomu pozd\u011bji. Ale u\u017e skoro nen\u00ed nikoho, kdo by byl t\u00edmto fenom\u00e9nem nedot\u010den.<\/p>\n

A jak u\u017e to b\u00fdv\u00e1 u dal\u0161\u00edch podobn\u011b rychle se etabluj\u00edc\u00edch technologick\u00fdch fenom\u00e9n\u016f, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se z nich i fenom\u00e9n spole\u010densk\u00fd. A jako fenom\u00e9n spole\u010densk\u00fd nutn\u011b n\u011bco p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, n\u011bco tak\u00e9 odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a zpochyb\u0148uje, leccos usnad\u0148uje, ale p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed s n\u00edm i viditeln\u00e1, nebo tak\u00e9 zat\u00edm neviditeln\u00e1 rizika.<\/p>\n

Roku 1984 nato\u010dil americk\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r James Cameron film Termin\u00e1tor. \u0160lo v n\u011bm o to, \u017ee v roce 2029 p\u0159evzal vl\u00e1du nad lidstvem fiktivn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence Skynet. Tento syst\u00e9m vyslal v roce 2029 termin\u00e1tora (tedy likvid\u00e1tora lid\u00ed) zp\u011bt do roku 1984 s \u00fakolem zab\u00edt matku Johna Connora, kter\u00fd jako dosp\u011bl\u00fd zorganizuje povst\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed proti stroj\u016fm. M\u00e1me se tzv. um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence b\u00e1t? M\u016f\u017ee se n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho st\u00e1t i dnes n\u00e1m? Kdy\u017e jsem p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lela, jak pojmout t\u00e9ma um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, hlavou mi let\u011bla spousta t\u00e9mat: nap\u0159\u00edklad evropsk\u00e1 legislativa na ochranu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence \u2013 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stanov\u00ed pravidla AI pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro soudnictv\u00ed \u2013 nebo etika jej\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0justici. T\u011bmito t\u00e9maty se na sv\u00e9 konferenci dne 20.\u00a0listopadu 2024 zab\u00fdval Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud.<\/p>\n

V\u00edm, \u017ee velk\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 specialisty na um\u011blou inteligenci u\u017e roky. Ti se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed standardizovan\u00fdmi pod\u00e1n\u00edmi a\u00a0vyv\u00edjej\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zjednodu\u0161ovat pr\u00e1ci, kterou jinak mnohem d\u00e9le a\u00a0za v\u00edce pen\u011bz prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed praktikanti, studenti, koncipienti nebo mlad\u0161\u00ed kolegov\u00e9. Pak m\u011b napadlo, \u017ee bych o\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci m\u011bla v\u011bd\u011bt n\u011bco v\u00edc, a\u00a0tak jsem si coby za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk v\u00a0oboru zaplatila aplikaci\u00a0Textie<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc se ji u\u010dila pou\u017e\u00edvat. A\u00a0po\u00a0tom m\u011bs\u00edci napevno v\u00edm, co jsem si o\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci myslela p\u0159edt\u00edm: je to jen n\u00e1stroj. N\u011bco jako sekera, automatick\u00e1 pistole nebo \u017eehli\u010dka, dron nebo robotick\u00e1 seka\u010dka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m na zahrad\u011b st\u0159\u00edh\u00e1 tr\u00e1vu. Nic v\u00edc a\u00a0nic m\u00e9n\u011b. N\u00e1stroj. Zat\u00edm. Co z\u00a0tohoto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed plyne? \u010cty\u0159i z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Je to n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd se mus\u00edme nau\u010dit pou\u017e\u00edvat. Nejde o\u00a0nic intuitivn\u00edho. Kdy\u017e se neum\u00edte spr\u00e1vn\u011b zeptat, nedostanete odpov\u011b\u010f. Zept\u00e1te-li se blb\u011b, dostanete blbou odpov\u011b\u010f. Tuto zku\u0161enost m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se n\u011bkdy pokou\u0161el provolat p\u0159es robotick\u00e9ho oper\u00e1tora, kter\u00fd mu nab\u00edzel mo\u017enosti \u201eStiskn\u011bte jedni\u010dku, pokud chcete\u2026\u201c a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0situaci, kdy jste nebyli schopni si v\u00a0nab\u00eddce vybrat. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence m\u00e1 v\u017edycky omezen\u00fd v\u00fd\u010det nab\u00eddek.<\/li>\n
  2. Je to n\u00e1stroj, u\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e mus\u00edme respektovat omezen\u00ed. Moje robotick\u00e1 seka\u010dka neum\u00ed l\u00e9tat, dron neum\u00ed sekat tr\u00e1vu. Ur\u010dit\u011b by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sestavit p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd bude um\u011bt oboj\u00ed, ale nejde te\u010f o\u00a0to, co by sice snad mohla um\u011bt, ale co nikdy um\u011bt nebude.<\/li>\n
  3. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence zat\u00edm slou\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u011b jako lep\u0161\u00ed vyhled\u00e1va\u010d. Je skv\u011bl\u00e1 na data, fakta, \u010d\u00edsla, zdroje, definice, dotazn\u00edky, adresy, sou\u010dty, statistiky, re\u0161er\u0161e, nap\u0159\u00edklad soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. Je v\u00fdborn\u00e1 a\u00a0vyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 pro \u010dasto se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed situace, typick\u00e9 varianty, nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky \u010di\u00a0probl\u00e9my. Jist\u011b ji lze pou\u017e\u00edt na rejst\u0159\u00edkov\u00e9, insolven\u010dn\u00ed nebo exeku\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy \u010di rozhodnut\u00ed, pro evidenci soudn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed \u010di r\u016fzn\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  4. Zat\u00edm je ale naprosto nepou\u017eiteln\u00e1 v\u0161ude tam, kde jsou pot\u0159eba emoce, kreativita, pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0lidskou individualitou nebo nalezen\u00ed adresn\u00e9ho netypizovan\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u00a0terapeuta, rodinn\u00e9ho advok\u00e1ta, trestn\u00edho obh\u00e1jce \u010di\u00a0trestn\u00edho nebo opatrovnick\u00e9ho soudce. Jej\u00ed tv\u016frci ji budou u\u010dit, aby emoce rozpozn\u00e1vala, proto\u017ee emoce jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rozhodovac\u00edch proces\u016f. A\u00a0ona se bude pomalu zlep\u0161ovat. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence se bude d\u00e1l u\u010dit ruku v\u00a0ruce s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak poroste objem dat, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed \u2013 c\u00edlen\u011b nebo mimochodem \u2013 sd\u011blujeme. Lidsk\u00e9 mozky, lidsk\u00e9 instinkty a\u00a0lidskou zku\u0161enost v\u0161ak nenahrad\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    P\u0159edstavte si, co v\u0161e um\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, tzv. chytr\u00fd telefon nebo notebook. Obdivujete mo\u017en\u00e1, co v\u00a0n\u011bm v\u0161echny ty obvody a\u00a0desky dok\u00e1\u017eou, a\u00a0jak rychle. P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok se za\u010dne, prod\u00e1vat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s\u00a0\u00falo\u017enou kapacitou 120 terrabajt\u016f (TB). V\u00edte, jak velk\u00fd je lidsk\u00fd mozek? Minim\u00e1ln\u011b 3000 TB, tedy alespo\u0148 22x tolik.<\/p>\n

    My pr\u00e1vn\u00edci pracujeme s\u00a0aj\u0165\u00e1ky ruku v\u00a0ruce. Nejde to jinak, proto\u017ee to pr\u00e1v\u011b oni se n\u00e1s budou p\u0159i\u00a0programov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1t, zda samo\u0159iditeln\u00e9 auto m\u00e1 p\u0159i\u00a0kolizi sp\u00ed\u0161 zabr\u00e1nit st\u0159etu tak\u00e9 klidn\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee nabour\u00e1 do jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nebo zabije matku s\u00a0d\u00edt\u011btem. A\u00a0jin\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci pak budou b\u00e1dat nad t\u00edm, kdo za \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed ponese odpov\u011bdnost. Zda v\u00fdrobce, program\u00e1tor, prodejce nebo u\u017eivatel, kter\u00fd ji kreativn\u011b aplikuje. U\u017e dneska je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161koly ru\u0161\u00ed semin\u00e1rn\u00ed a\u00a0diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, proto\u017ee pr\u00fd u\u017e je mnohem \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e student p\u00ed\u0161e pr\u00e1v\u011b um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159esto my v\u00a0Sen\u00e1t\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b odkl\u00e1d\u00e1me \u00fa\u010dinnost z\u00e1kona o\u00a0e-legislativ\u011b, proto\u017ee technicky e-Sb\u00edrka z\u00e1kon\u016f ani jejich tvorba prost\u011b nefunguje. Lidsk\u00e9 mozky jsou st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed. Jist\u00e9 tak\u00e9 je, \u017ee se na um\u011blou inteligenci nikdy nesm\u00edme spolehnout stoprocentn\u011b, abychom nep\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u00a0informace. Zpackan\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je toho d\u016fkazem. P\u0159esto se d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee sama um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence zni\u010den\u00ed sv\u011bta jako Skynet ve filmu Termin\u00e1tor nep\u0159inese. \u017de toti\u017e podobn\u011b jako u\u00a0sekery, pistole nebo auta bude za karamboly v\u017edycky moci \u010dlov\u011bk, tedy lidsk\u00fd faktor.<\/p>\n

    Uvedu v\u00e1m dva p\u0159\u00edklady. Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden spadla po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 v cel\u00e9m Sen\u00e1t\u011b a n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nefungoval intranet, tak\u017ee nebylo mo\u017eno rezervovat m\u00edstnosti, dostat se na servery k vlastn\u00edm dokument\u016fm, tisknout na sd\u00edlen\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, objedn\u00e1vat si ob\u011bdy v j\u00eddeln\u011b. Za tento karambol mohl extern\u00ed technik 02, kter\u00fd jedn\u00edm pokynem vymazal kompletn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. O m\u011bs\u00edc d\u0159\u00edve jin\u00fd technik v Plzni jedin\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm vymazal nastaven\u00ed pro 250 d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f od gar\u00e1\u017eov\u00e9ho vjezdu do jednoho domu, tak\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ze zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ani ubytovan\u00fdch v onom velik\u00e9m komplexu nebyl schopen se dostat dom\u016f. J\u00e1 sama se v Sen\u00e1t\u011b u\u017e \u0159adu m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f zab\u00fdv\u00e1m pr\u00e1vem na \u017eivot off-line a existuj\u00ed tac\u00ed, co m\u016fj z\u00e1jem d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do souvislost\u00ed s m\u00fdm postar\u0161\u00edm v\u011bkem, \u0161ediv\u00fdm vlasem a rigiditou. A p\u0159itom je to pr\u00e1v\u011b mlad\u00e1 generace, kter\u00e1 dnes u \u010cesk\u00fdch drah po\u017eaduje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch slevov\u00fdch karti\u010dek. V\u00ed toti\u017e z vlastn\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, \u017ee v m\u00edstech bez datov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu jim elektronick\u00e1 slevov\u00e1 karta nepom\u016f\u017ee a slevu ve vlaku nedok\u00e1\u017eou uplatnit.<\/p>\n

    Na z\u00e1v\u011br jsem si nechala zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence pracuje s t\u00edm, co do n\u00ed nacpeme. Pomineme-li vzorce, \u010d\u00edsla nebo data, tahle v\u011bc neum\u00ed rozpoznat pravdivou informaci od nepravdiv\u00e9, fejkov\u00e9. Zept\u00e1te-li se j\u00ed na n\u00e1zor, pak n\u011bjak\u00fd ur\u010dit\u011b a v\u017edycky dostanete. Na rozd\u00edl od po\u010detn\u00edho v\u00fdsledku v\u0161ak nebude neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. Kdo ho ovlivn\u00ed? Kdo o tom rozhodne, zda bude kladn\u00fd, nebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd? Kdov\u00ed? Mo\u017en\u00e1\u2026 mo\u017en\u00e1 dostanete esenci v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdch informac\u00ed z internetu. Ale m\u00edru v\u011bt\u0161iny \u010di men\u0161iny lze ovlivnit mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 do v\u0161ech s\u00edt\u00ed pos\u00edl\u00e1me. Sta\u010d\u00ed poslat miliony jin\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f, a hned se v\u00e1ha prom\u011bn\u00ed. J\u00e1 ani vy to asi nebudeme um\u011bt. Ale kdo by m\u011bl z\u00e1jem n\u00e1zor um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ovlivnit, ten to docela jist\u011b um\u011bt bude. Pokusy o\u00a0ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed voleb pomoc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed jsme u\u017e koneckonc\u016f zaznamenali. A\u00a0krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed n\u00e1m to p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u00ed na st\u00e1le vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Um\u00ed zm\u011bnit hlas, fotku, e-mailovou adresu i\u00a0video, aby vypadalo jako va\u0161e banka, jako va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b \u010di\u00a0jako va\u0161e matka. Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ivc\u016f jsou toho d\u016fkazem.<\/p>\n

    Zach\u00e1zejme s\u00a0um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed jako s\u00a0n\u00e1strojem. Jako s\u00a0dvoutunov\u00fdm vozem, jako s\u00a0automatickou pu\u0161kou, jako s\u00a0\u017eehli\u010dkou. Nezbo\u017e\u0161\u0165ujme si ji. Nev\u011b\u0159me, \u017ee je n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm. Pak se j\u00ed nemus\u00edme ani b\u00e1t. \u010clov\u011bka s\u00a0jeho osobnost\u00ed, zku\u0161enostmi a\u00a0smysly stejn\u011b nikdy plnohodnotn\u011b nenahrad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence obavu nem\u00e1m. Jen z\u00a0jej\u00edho zneu\u017eit\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed AI lze toti\u017e lidmi manipulovat mnohem jednodu\u0161eji, ne\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 kdykoliv d\u0159\u00edv.<\/p>\n

    Daniela Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1<\/strong><\/a> -autorka je nez\u00e1vislou sen\u00e1torkou a\u00a0prezidentkou Unie rodinn\u00fdch advok\u00e1t\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pan\u00ed sen\u00e1torky Kol\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e pravideln\u011b o probl\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 \u00b4velk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia\u00b4 obch\u00e1zej\u00ed nebo vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jednostrann\u011b. Posu\u010fte…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1503,489,2194],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67223"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67223"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67224,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67223\/revisions\/67224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}