{"id":67180,"date":"2024-11-30T07:05:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T06:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=67180"},"modified":"2024-11-30T07:05:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-30T06:05:34","slug":"uriel-araujo-endemicka-korupce-nicici-energetickou-infrastrukturu-na-ukrajine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/30\/uriel-araujo-endemicka-korupce-nicici-energetickou-infrastrukturu-na-ukrajine\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Endemick\u00e1 korupce ni\u010d\u00edc\u00ed energetickou infrastrukturu na Ukrajin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

T\u00e9ma korupce na Ukrajin\u011b op\u011bt vyplouv\u00e1 na povrch. Podle\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0The Times , kter\u00fd napsal jejich kyjevsk\u00fd korespondent Maxim Tucker, se zemi \u201enepoda\u0159ilo postavit bunkry pro rozvodny elekt\u0159iny, kter\u00e9 je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed rusk\u00fdmi n\u00e1lety\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u201ezemi z\u016fstala p\u0159ed zimou zraniteln\u00e1\u201c. Aby \u201ezabr\u00e1nila kolapsu sv\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu\u201c, mus\u00ed Ukrajina v tuto chv\u00edli spol\u00e9hat na\u201c britsk\u00e9 gabiony \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed klece pln\u00e9 kamen\u016f\u201c a tak\u00e9 \u201esyst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f poskytovan\u00e9 jej\u00edmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi partnery\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tucker uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost britsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho a zpravodajsk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu (v\u010detn\u011b in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f) p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch na Ukrajin\u011b, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 pomohl vytvo\u0159it betonov\u00e9 struktury na ochranu lokalit energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ed rusk\u00fdmi \u00fatoky uprost\u0159ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho konfliktu. Podle novin\u00e1\u0159e Britov\u00e9 varovali sv\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u201ekolegy\u201c, \u017ee by m\u011bli vybudovat dal\u0161\u00ed struktury, co\u017e se nestalo: \u201eo dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji tak vl\u00e1da prezidenta Zelensk\u00e9ho neu\u010dinila, uprost\u0159ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee vl\u00e1dn\u00ed korupce brzd\u00ed pr\u00e1ci\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti je v sou\u010dasnosti po\u0161kozeno nebo zni\u010deno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80 procent energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Situace je tak \u0161patn\u00e1, \u017ee rezignoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0i \u0161\u00e9f ukrajinsk\u00e9 St\u00e1tn\u00ed agentury pro obnovu a rozvoj infrastruktury\u00a0. Mustafa Nayyem na\u0159\u00eddil vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00fakol chr\u00e1nit strategickou infrastrukturu, a po\u017e\u00e1dal o 1,4 miliardy eur na bunkry \u201et\u0159et\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b ochrany\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v rozvodn\u00e1ch. Prost\u0159edky byly zablokov\u00e1ny kv\u016fli (\u00a0<\/span>jak tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) \u201evlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm\u201c, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s \u00faplatky, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nejsou vypl\u00e1ceny kyjevsk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovat. Kdy\u017e vid\u00edte, \u017ee v\u00e1m veden\u00ed vl\u00e1dy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, je to k ni\u010demu… Oni [vl\u00e1da] nezaplatili kontraktory; dodavatel\u00e9 zastavili v\u0161echny projekty.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Nayyem\u016fv n\u00e1stupce, Sergiy Suchomlyn, je pak citov\u00e1n, kdy\u017e \u0159ekl, \u017ee dodavatel\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vali \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd zisk\u201c, a tak agentura znovu vyjedn\u00e1vala jejich smlouvy a p\u0159epracovala n\u011bkter\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 struktury, aby sn\u00ed\u017eila n\u00e1klady.\u00a0<\/span>Zpravodajstv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Times\u00a0d\u00e1le popisuje, jak jsou dodavatel\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ni ukrajinsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky: \u201eJedna z p\u0159edn\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed zapojen\u00fdch do kontrakt\u016f na ochranu rozvoden m\u011bla razii ve sv\u00fdch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed, jednali bez povolen\u00ed a zabavili po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. , telefony a dokumenty. Spole\u010dnost tak\u00e9 uvedla, \u017ee vl\u00e1da neuvolnila finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 na stavbu bunkr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd v\u016fdce Volodymyr Zelenskyj odvolal Volodymyra Kudryck\u00e9ho, gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele ukrajinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kv\u016fli letn\u00edm v\u00fdpadk\u016fm elekt\u0159iny. To jen upevnilo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc s n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Zelensk\u00e9ho, Andrijem Yermakem a jeho vlastn\u00edmi lidmi. Podle\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Business Insider (BI) je Yermak Zelensk\u00e9ho \u201epravou rukou\u201c a tak\u00e9 \u201eskute\u010dn\u00fdm zprost\u0159edkovatelem moci\u201c. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se o n\u011bm, \u017ee upevnil novou zkorumpovanou oligarchii podle ukrajinsk\u00e9ho stann\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st z prosince 2023 pak popisuje, jak Washington po\u017eadoval \u201e\u010detn\u00e9 reformy, kter\u00e9 B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee Kyjev provede v\u00fdm\u011bnou za pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c, v\u010detn\u011b \u201epos\u00edlen\u00e9ho dohledu nad st\u00e1tn\u00edmi podniky v energetick\u00e9m sektoru\u201c. Nic z toho se nestalo a americk\u00e9 pen\u00edze proudily d\u00e1l \u2013 ale to by se mohlo brzy zm\u011bnit s nov\u00fdm americk\u00fdm p\u0159edsednictv\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1le podle BI byl b\u011bhem b\u00fdval\u00e9 administrativy Donalda Trumpa ve skute\u010dnosti Yermak, \u201epak byl vysl\u00e1n poradce Zelensk\u00e9ho, aby se setkal s Rudym Giulianim, kter\u00fd jm\u00e9nem Trumpa tla\u010dil na Kyjev, aby pro\u0161et\u0159il vazby Huntera Bidena na Burisma, ukrajinskou energetickou firmu\u201c V t\u00e9 dob\u011b Yermak sl\u00edbil, \u017ee Zelenskyj se zav\u00e1\u017ee pro\u0161et\u0159it Burisma (holdingov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro pr\u016fzkum energie, kter\u00e1 zam\u011bstn\u00e1vala syna Joea Bidena, Huntera Bidena). Nikdy se to nestalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korupce tak\u00e9 hraje roli v americk\u00fdch geoekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a d\u0159\u00edve jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o pochybn\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed Joe Bidena na Ukrajin\u011b. Zp\u011bt k Jermakovi, jeden z jeho poru\u010d\u00edk\u016f, Kyrylo Tymo\u0161enko, je popisov\u00e1n jako st\u00e1le jak\u00fdsi \u201evr\u00e1tn\u00fd\u201c pro projekty vl\u00e1dn\u00edch budov \u2013 Tymo\u0161enkov\u00e1 byla z\u00e1stupkyn\u00ed prezidenta prezidenta, ale loni pod tlakem v r\u00e1mci\u00a0<\/span>protikorup\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rezignovala . Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak politickou silou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd probl\u00e9m korupce na Ukrajin\u011b nen\u00ed zdaleka izolovan\u00fdm skand\u00e1lem a je nal\u00e9hav\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Jak\u00a0<\/span>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Tucker\u00a0, byla to jedna z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek pro c\u00edl zem\u011b vstoupit do Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Korupce v\u0161ak zdaleka nen\u00ed jedinou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pat\u0159\u00ed nedostatek demokracie (se z\u00e1kazem opozice\u00a0<\/span>)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a nedostatek transparentnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, jak jsem ji\u017e psal, jsou\u00a0<\/span>probl\u00e9my s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 podle v\u011bdc\u016f jako\u00a0<\/span>Nicolai N. Petro<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, profesora politologie na University of Rhode Island, kter\u00fd byl US Fulbright\u016fv v\u011bdec na Ukrajin\u011b v letech 2013-2014. To je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 i Evropsk\u00e1 komise pro demokracii prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pr\u00e1va, zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jako Ben\u00e1tsk\u00e1 komise. Tento evropsk\u00fd org\u00e1n mimo jin\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>doporu\u010dil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, aby Kyjev zrevidoval z\u00e1kon o st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce a\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ijal \u201epozitivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, aby umo\u017enil etnick\u00fdm \u201emen\u0161in\u00e1m prosadit svou specifickou identitu\u201c, aby byly v souladu se standardy lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v ECHR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tvrdil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsem,\u00a0\u017ee \u201e\u00a0<\/span>ukrajinsk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c je ve skute\u010dnosti v\u00fdzvou samotn\u00e9 my\u0161lence Evropy (jak si sama sebe p\u0159edstavuje). Tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc \u201ezkratuje\u201c n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 hodnoty samotn\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padu: jin\u00fdmi slovy t\u00edm, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd blok p\u0159iv\u00edtal Ukrajinu po Majdanu jako \u201euno de noi\u201c, t\u00edm pop\u00edr\u00e1 velkou \u010d\u00e1st narativu o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech. to m\u00e1 b\u00fdt j\u00e1drem a dokonce i raison d’\u00eatre jej\u00edch hlavn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Je pravda, \u017ee Z\u00e1padu nen\u00ed ciz\u00ed pokrytectv\u00ed, a proto byl v\u00edce ne\u017e ochoten zaslepit fa\u0161istick\u00e9 a neonacistick\u00e9 prvky ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu (a dokonce je\u00a0<\/span>zab\u00edlit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). S endemickou korupc\u00ed v\u0161ak existuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dopad na ekonomiku a nyn\u00ed dokonce sabotuje v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z pohledu Kyjeva by se situace samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u011bla zlep\u0161it, kdy\u017e americk\u00e1 republik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 administrativa pod veden\u00edm Donalda Trumpa omez\u00ed pomoc. S oligarchickou korupc\u00ed, \u0161ovinistick\u00fdm nacionalismem, nevyhratelnou v\u00e1lkou tla\u010denou Z\u00e1padem, energetickou kriz\u00ed a nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed zimou to nevypad\u00e1 dob\u0159e pro ukrajinsk\u00e9 civilisty, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le ve velk\u00e9m opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed zemi, aby unikli tvrd\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016fm o odvodu zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma korupce na Ukrajin\u011b op\u011bt vyplouv\u00e1 na povrch. Podle\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu\u00a0The Times , kter\u00fd napsal jejich kyjevsk\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":67181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,207,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67180"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67180\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}