{"id":66663,"date":"2024-11-22T00:35:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T23:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=66663"},"modified":"2024-11-21T15:39:55","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T14:39:55","slug":"libye-jeden-krok-od-chaosu-je-haftar-vitezem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/22\/libye-jeden-krok-od-chaosu-je-haftar-vitezem\/","title":{"rendered":"Libye jeden krok od chaosu. Je Haftar v\u00edt\u011bzem?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Rovnov\u00e1ha sil, kter\u00e1 v posledn\u00edch letech zaru\u010dovala v Libyi obdob\u00ed relativn\u00edho klidu, je op\u011bt ohro\u017eena. V posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech n\u011bkolik politick\u00fdch a vojensk\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f podniklo kroky, kter\u00e9 podle OSN vedly ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nejistot\u011b a rychl\u00e9mu zhor\u0161en\u00ed politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 situace. Konflikty mezi \u00fa\u0159ady V\u00fdchodu a Z\u00e1padu se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na kontroly centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, kter\u00e1 spravuje p\u0159\u00edjmy z libyjsk\u00e9 ropy, tedy p\u0159es 90 % da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f zem\u011b.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Od p\u00e1du re\u017eimu plukovn\u00edka Muammara Kadd\u00e1f\u00edho v roce 2011 je Libye sv\u011bdkem stavu politick\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed nestability, proto\u017ee zem\u011b byla rozd\u011blena na dv\u011b konkuren\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, jednu v Tripolisu vedenou Abdulem Ham\u00eddem Al-Dabaibou a druhou na v\u00fdchod\u011b. v \u010dele s Us\u00e1mou Hammadem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu \u00fasil\u00ed vynalo\u017een\u00e9mu na dosa\u017een\u00ed politick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed libyjsk\u00e9 krize z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 situace stagnuj\u00edc\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee libyjsk\u00e9 strany \u010del\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm p\u0159i shod\u011b na kontroverzn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, jako jsou volebn\u00ed z\u00e1kony a rozd\u011blen\u00ed moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slo\u017eit\u00e1 politick\u00e1 situace v Libyi je zp\u016fsobena \u0159adou d\u016fvod\u016f, z nich\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou: politick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 spory mezi konkuren\u010dn\u00edmi silami v zemi, vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zem\u00ed do libyjsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedlo k p\u0159i\u017eivov\u00e1n\u00ed konflikt, slab\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed instituce v zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Situace se od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta zhor\u0161ila. V srpnu obkl\u00ed\u010dily milice a policejn\u00ed s\u00edly vl\u00e1dy n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty (GNU) premi\u00e9ra Abdula Hamida Dbeibaha s\u00eddlo centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, aby svrhly prezidenta al-Siddiq al-Kabir. V reakci na to \u00fa\u0159ady ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libyi na\u0159\u00eddily \u00fapln\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby a v\u00fdvozu ropy v oblastech pod jejich kontrolou, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu z\u00e1sob ropy v zemi a termin\u00e1ly es-Sider, Brega, Zueitina a Ras Lanuf. Tripolisk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 krizi likvidity a nen\u00ed schopna prov\u00e1d\u011bt nezbytn\u00e9 platby a transakce pro miliony libyjsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Gener\u00e1l Khalifa Haftar, kter\u00fd de facto vl\u00e1dne v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libyi, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt odhodl\u00e1n vyvolat ekonomickou a finan\u010dn\u00ed krizi s c\u00edlem svrhnout Dbeibah. V\u00fdsledek t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 p\u0159etahovan\u00e9 mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00fd a riziko nov\u00e9ho ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu je vysok\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech byla relativn\u00ed stabilita Libye zalo\u017eena na dvou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch: p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed do roku 2020 a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed dohod\u011b dosa\u017een\u00e9 v \u010dervenci 2022 o sd\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z ropy mezi V\u00fdchod a Z\u00e1pad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ud\u00e1losti posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ob\u011b tyto dohody zpochybnily a zv\u00fd\u0161ily riziko konfliktu a ekonomick\u00e9ho kolapsu. Nap\u011bt\u00ed se to\u010d\u00ed hlavn\u011b kolem kontroly centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a svr\u017een\u00ed jej\u00edho prezidenta al-Kabira. V minulosti byl al-Kabir spojencem Dbeibahu, ale vztahy mezi nimi se ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b roku 2023 zhor\u0161ily pot\u00e9, co al-Kabir obvinil GNU z nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho utr\u00e1cen\u00ed a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. V \u0159\u00edjnu 2023 proto centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pozastavila vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed nov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f vl\u00e1d\u011b Dbeibah. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b se al-Kabir obr\u00e1til na \u00fa\u0159ady ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libyi, aby \u010delily tlaku Dbeibahu. Rostouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi al-Kabir a Dbeibah vedlo v prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch roku 2024 k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nakonec se v srpnu milice a policejn\u00ed s\u00edly loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed Dbeibahov\u011b GNU rozm\u00edstily p\u0159ed centr\u00e1lou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, aby donutily -Kabir k rezignaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159isp\u011blo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v zemi. Ozbrojen\u00e9 st\u0159ety mezi milicemi si 9. srpna vy\u017e\u00e1daly v Tajou\u0159e na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Tripolisu nejm\u00e9n\u011b dev\u011bt mrtv\u00fdch a \u0161estn\u00e1ct zran\u011bn\u00fdch. A\u010dkoli se zd\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed vze\u0161lo z m\u00edstn\u00ed rivality, akt\u00e9\u0159i, kter\u00fdch se to t\u00fdk\u00e1, pat\u0159\u00ed k opa\u010dn\u00fdm stran\u00e1m sporu mezi Dbeibahem a al-Kabirem. Haftarova Libyjsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1da mezit\u00edm podnikla d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kroky. 7. srpna Haftarovy s\u00edly zablokovaly t\u011b\u017ebu ropy v Shara\u0159e, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm libyjsk\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti, s denn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebou 300 000 barel\u016f. Libyjsk\u00e9 zdroje zpo\u010d\u00e1tku charakterizovaly tuto akci jako formu odvety proti \u0160pan\u011blsku. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Repsol je ve skute\u010dnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho podniku, kter\u00fd spravuje Sharara, a \u0160pan\u011blsko vydalo zatyka\u010d za pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zbran\u00ed na Sadd\u00e1ma Haftara, syna gener\u00e1la a n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka \u0161t\u00e1bu pozemn\u00edch sil Libyjsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy. Blok\u00e1da Sharary by v\u0161ak mohla b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 interpretov\u00e1na jako p\u0159edehra k s\u00e9rii nov\u00fdch jednostrann\u00fdch akc\u00ed Haftara.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u0159et o centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banku zv\u00fd\u0161il nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma du\u0161emi zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

S pokusem Tripolisu z\u00edskat kontrolu nad cel\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem byla reakce Kyrenaiky siln\u00e1 a nal\u00e9hav\u00e1. Nyn\u00ed sesazen\u00fd prezident centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky n\u00e1sledn\u011b prozradil, \u017ee uprchl do zahrani\u010d\u00ed spolu s n\u011bkolika vysok\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, ani\u017e by prozradil kam, \u201eaby chr\u00e1nil na\u0161e \u017eivoty\u201c p\u0159ed milicemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haftar reagoval na jednostrann\u00e9 akce GNU uvalen\u00edm \u00fapln\u00e9ho blokov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby a v\u00fdvozu uhlovod\u00edk\u016f v oblastech pod jeho kontrolou. Tento krok dramaticky sn\u00ed\u017eil libyjskou t\u011b\u017ebu ropy, kter\u00e1 v \u010dervenci \u010dinila 1,18 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu by sou\u010dasn\u00e1 denn\u00ed produkce mohla b\u00fdt a\u017e 300 000 a\u017e 400 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b, co\u017e je velk\u00e1 r\u00e1na pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 finance zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ropn\u00e1 blok\u00e1da bude m\u00edt dopad na celou Libyi, ale Haftar se ocit\u00e1 v pozici s\u00edly ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Dbeibahem. Zat\u00edmco v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Libye nem\u00e1 v tuto chv\u00edli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s likviditou, Dbeibahov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b dlouhodob\u011b chyb\u00ed zdroje a nov\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krize by mohla v\u00e9st k paral\u00fdze ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a p\u00e1du premi\u00e9ra.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Napsal\u00a0Piero Messina<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rovnov\u00e1ha sil, kter\u00e1 v posledn\u00edch letech zaru\u010dovala v Libyi obdob\u00ed relativn\u00edho klidu, je op\u011bt ohro\u017eena….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":66664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2776,1503,982],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66663"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66663\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}