{"id":65915,"date":"2024-11-11T00:32:46","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T23:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65915"},"modified":"2024-11-10T16:24:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T15:24:28","slug":"objev-ropy-v-rakouskem-mollnu-otrasa-teorii-puvodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/11\/objev-ropy-v-rakouskem-mollnu-otrasa-teorii-puvodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Objev ropy v rakousk\u00e9m Mollnu ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1 teori\u00ed p\u016fvodu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Mnoh\u00e9, ne-li v\u0161echno, by se v na\u0161em sv\u011bt\u011b zm\u011bnilo, kdyby ropa byla dostupn\u00e1 v nekone\u010dn\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch v podstat\u011b v\u0161ude na sv\u011bt\u011b. Dominance zem\u00ed produkuj\u00edc\u00edch ropu a nekone\u010dn\u00fd zdroj pen\u011bz Arab\u016f by byly ot\u0159eseny. N\u00e1lez ropy v rakousk\u00e9m Mollnu podporuje laboratorn\u011b potvrzenou teorii, \u017ee ropa vznik\u00e1 chemick\u00fdmi reakcemi v zemsk\u00e9m nitru a je neust\u00e1le znovu produkov\u00e1na \u2013 a nen\u00ed produktem historick\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch lo\u017eisek. Kone\u010dn\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed by ot\u0159\u00e1slo sv\u011btov\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du jsou zalo\u017eeny na produkci a obchodu s ropou. Nem\u011blo by se zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee tato cenn\u00e1 surovina nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pouze pro palivo, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 v mnoha p\u0159edm\u011btech ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Od plast\u016f p\u0159es chemik\u00e1lie, rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla, l\u00e9\u010diva, hnojiva, pesticidy, syntetick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a\u017e po bitumen a asfalt. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed je r\u016fznorod\u00e9 \u2013 ale na pot\u0159ebu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky se v obvykl\u00fdch nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech proti paliv\u016fm na b\u00e1zi ropy \u010dasto zapom\u00edn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi producenty ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b jsou USA, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, Rusko, Kanada a \u010c\u00edna. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed producenty pat\u0159\u00ed \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed lo\u017eiska jsou v socialisticko-komunistick\u00e9 Venezuele, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti nehraje na trhu s ropou \u017e\u00e1dnou roli kv\u016fli obvykl\u00e9mu levicov\u00e9mu \u0161patn\u00e9mu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a korupci. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i v\u00fdsledek des\u00edtek let c\u00edlen\u00fdch operac\u00ed CIA, proto\u017ee USA netoleruj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkurenty, zejm\u00e9na ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obecn\u00e1 teorie vzniku ropy<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0160koln\u00ed u\u010debnice u\u010d\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span>\u017ee tvorba ropy poch\u00e1z\u00ed z rozkladu organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je plankton a \u0159asy,<\/span><\/strong> kter\u00e9 byly ulo\u017eeny na dn\u011b oce\u00e1nu p\u0159ed miliony let. V podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch chud\u00fdch na kysl\u00edk byly tyto organick\u00e9 zbytky \u00fadajn\u011b pokryty sedimentem, kter\u00fd je chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed \u00faplnou degradac\u00ed. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu geologick\u00e9ho \u010dasu, vysok\u00fd tlak a rostouc\u00ed teploty v hlub\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch zem\u011b zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l byl chemicky p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na uhlovod\u00edky. Tak vznikla ropa a zemn\u00ed plyn, kter\u00e9 jsou zachyceny v por\u00e9zn\u00edch horninov\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch a \u010dasto je p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed nepropustn\u00e9 horninov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed ropu v z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato teorie prosp\u00edv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed z t\u00e9to suroviny vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed miliardov\u00e9 zisky. Proto\u017ee to nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 lo\u017eiska, ale jsou \u201ekone\u010dn\u00e1\u201c. M\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1lek o tato lo\u017eiska \u2013 a tak\u00e9 panick\u00e9 propagandy, \u017ee z\u00e1soby doch\u00e1zej\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Tuto propagandu muselo lidstvo sn\u00e1\u0161et u\u017e od poloviny minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 kdyby to byla pravda, ve\u0161ker\u00e1 ropa by byla d\u00e1vno spot\u0159ebov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se dnes spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ropy ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm a o ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdroby ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d, je toto tvrzen\u00ed prokazateln\u011b nepravdiv\u00e9. Slou\u017eil k zastra\u0161en\u00ed a vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed lid\u00ed, jako pozd\u011bji podvod s oz\u00f3nem nebo velk\u00fd podvod s CO2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nalezi\u0161t\u011b ropy v Mollnu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zp\u011bt do Mollnu v Rakousku. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 vrty se tam prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ji\u017e \u0159adu let. P\u016fvodn\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee v obci, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 442 m, se bude nach\u00e1zet zemn\u00ed plyn. Ve skute\u010dnosti\u00a0<\/span>byla tak\u00e9 objevena ropa<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a hodn\u011b ropy. Vrty dosahovaly zna\u010dn\u00fdch hloubek. V b\u0159eznu 2024 bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee pronikli do hloubky 1 733 metr\u016f. Od t\u00e9 doby se to analyzuje. Dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek: Na vzd\u00e1lenost 450 metr\u016f byl nalezen nejen zemn\u00ed plyn, ale i ropa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zelen\u00fd k\u00e1dr a frontov\u00e1 organizace \u201eGlobal 2000\u201c v\u0161ak vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k zastaven\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch vrt\u016f v Mollnu. Pro Zelen\u00e9 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby lid\u00e9 v Rakousku zchudli a z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno pomoc\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 fotovoltaiky a v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abiotick\u00e1 produkce ropy by trvale zm\u011bnila glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nyn\u00ed vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Alp v hloubce 1733 metr\u016f d\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 lo\u017eisko ropy. Je v tomto ohledu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh biologick\u00fdch lo\u017eisek st\u00e1le pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd?<\/span><\/p>\n

Teorie abiotick\u00e9 tvorby ropy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ropa a zemn\u00ed plyn nevznikaj\u00ed z organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e chemick\u00fdmi procesy hluboko v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti.\u00a0<\/span>Podle t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9zy vznikaj\u00ed uhlovod\u00edky za vysok\u00fdch teplot a tlak\u016f v hlubok\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch Zem\u011b nez\u00e1visle na biologick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/strong> Tyto uhlovod\u00edky pak stoupaj\u00ed p\u0159es vrstvy hornin, kde se mohou zachytit v prasklin\u00e1ch a por\u00e9zn\u00edch hornin\u00e1ch a vytv\u00e1\u0159et ropn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to teorie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee uhlovod\u00edky jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy se vyskytuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na nebesk\u00fdch t\u011blesech vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch od Zem\u011b, a proto mohou existovat nez\u00e1visle na biologick\u00fdch procesech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abiotickou teorii podporuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159. dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9 v praxi (n\u00e1dr\u017e na ostrov\u011b Eugene, Mexick\u00fd z\u00e1liv, USA, ropn\u00e9 pole Ghawar, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, ropn\u00e1 pole v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Sibi\u0159i, Rusko, Cook Inlet, Alja\u0161ka, USA). Zast\u00e1nci uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee lo\u017eiska ropy byla nalezena v hlubok\u00fdch a star\u0161\u00edch horninov\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed m\u00e1lo organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.\u00a0<\/span>Teorie p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee ropa m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout jako stabiln\u00ed uhlovod\u00edk za extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednek v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e je tektonick\u00fdmi pohyby transportov\u00e1na do oblast\u00ed bl\u00edzko povrchu.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Zde m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ropa zachycena v lo\u017eiskov\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch a dr\u017eena na m\u00edst\u011b nepropustn\u00fdmi kryc\u00edmi vrstvami, dokud se pozd\u011bji nevyvine p\u0159i vrt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chemick\u00fd z\u00e1klad abiotick\u00e9 formace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch reakc\u00ed t\u00e9to teorie je tzv. Fischer-Tropschova synt\u00e9za, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 slou\u010deniny uhl\u00edku, zejm\u00e9na oxid uhelnat\u00fd nebo oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, reaguj\u00ed s vod\u00edkem za vzniku uhlovod\u00edk\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>Tyto procesy produkuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky, v\u010detn\u011b metanu, stejn\u011b jako slou\u010deniny s del\u0161\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzcem, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladem pro ropu a zemn\u00ed plyn.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee miner\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kovy, jako jsou slou\u010deniny \u017eeleza a niklu, p\u016fsob\u00ed jako katalyz\u00e1tory a podporuj\u00ed synt\u00e9zu uhlovod\u00edk\u016f. Tyto miner\u00e1ly se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti a mohou stoupat tektonick\u00fdmi procesy a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ukl\u00e1dat uhlovod\u00edky v hlubok\u00fdch, por\u00e9zn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch horniny.\u00a0<\/span>Za tlakov\u00fdch a teplotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti mohou vznikat stabiln\u00ed uhlovod\u00edky, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b geologick\u00fdmi pohyby transportov\u00e1ny do zemsk\u00e9 k\u016fry.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a laboratorn\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci hr\u00e1li \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli ve v\u00fdvoji a v\u00fdzkumu abiotick\u00e9 teorie tvorby ropy.\u00a0<\/span>Sov\u011btsk\u00fd geolog Nikolaj Kudrjavcev v 50. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eil hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee ropa vznik\u00e1 anorganick\u00fdmi procesy hluboko v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti a nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b z fosilizovan\u00fdch organick\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci jako Vladimir Porfiryev a chemici Vladimir a Nikolaj Afanasyev stav\u011bli na t\u00e9to my\u0161lence a prov\u00e1d\u011bli experimenty a geologick\u00e9 studie na podporu hypot\u00e9zy. Jej\u00ed d\u00edlo bylo zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b propagov\u00e1no a rozv\u00edjeno v Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu. Ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bli k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed geochemick\u00fdch proces\u016f v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti a dali prostor alternativn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstup\u016fm ke vzniku ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V laborato\u0159i bylo provedeno n\u011bkolik experiment\u016f k simulaci abiotick\u00e9 tvorby uhlovod\u00edk\u016f v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zemsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vytvo\u0159ili uhlovod\u00edky, v\u010detn\u011b metanu a slou\u010denin s del\u0161\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzcem, vystaven\u00edm sm\u011bsi oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho (CO), oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO\u2082) a vod\u00edku (H\u2082) miner\u00e1l\u016fm \u017eeleza a niklu pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem a teplotou. Tyto podm\u00ednky maj\u00ed napodobovat geochemick\u00e9 procesy v zemsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161ti, ve kter\u00fdch by slou\u010deniny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed uhl\u00edk mohly reagovat za vzniku l\u00e1tek podobn\u00fdch rop\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee uhlovod\u00edky lze skute\u010dn\u011b syntetizovat bez biologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed abiotick\u00e9 teorie.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud se teorie o abiotick\u00e9m p\u016fvodu uk\u00e1\u017ee jako pravdiv\u00e1 \u2013 a n\u00e1lezy podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm v Mollnu mluv\u00ed samy za sebe \u2013 pak by se ropa dala t\u011b\u017eit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 odkudkoli na sv\u011bt\u011b. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 i geologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v hloubce, ale to u\u017e by neexistovala pot\u0159eba mo\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ed stovkami milion\u016f let nach\u00e1zela p\u0159esn\u011b v m\u00edst\u011b ropn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek. A na\u0161lo by se vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d se lo\u017eiska ropy pomalu dopl\u0148uj\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby doch\u00e1zela a vedla k \u00fapadku civilizace, jak hl\u00e1s\u00ed \u0161i\u0159itel\u00e9 strachu.\u00a0<\/span>Z omezen\u00e9 suroviny by se stala relativn\u011b nekone\u010dn\u00e1 surovina \u2013 co\u017e by trvale zm\u011bnilo pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed a mocenskou strukturu sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoh\u00e9, ne-li v\u0161echno, by se v na\u0161em sv\u011bt\u011b zm\u011bnilo, kdyby ropa byla dostupn\u00e1 v nekone\u010dn\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4643,120,310],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65915"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65915"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65915\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}